Pyrrhalta maculata Gressitt & Kimoto, 1963

Bezděk, Jan & Lee, Chi-Feng, 2019, Revision of Pyrrhalta (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) species with maculate elytra, Zootaxa 4664 (1), pp. 518-534 : 519-522

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4664.4.4
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scientific name	Pyrrhalta maculata Gressitt & Kimoto, 1963
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( Figs 1 View FIGURES 1–7 , 18 View FIGURES 8–21 , 22 View FIGURES 22–24 , 25–27 View FIGURES 25–30 )

Pyrrhalta maculata Gressitt & Kimoto, 1963: 456 (original description).

Type locality. “Ta-chu-lan, Shaowu Dist. , Fukien Prov. ” .

Types examined. Holotype: ♂, “Fukien, S. China [w, p] // Shaowu, Tachulan [w, p] // Pyrrhalta / maculata / G + K [h] / J. L. Gressitt det. [w, p] // HOLOTYPE [p] ♂ / Pyrrhalta / maculata [h] / Gressitt & Kimoto [r, h] // NO23 [w, p] // ILL [w, p] // 3212 [w, h]” ( BPBM).

Additional material examined. 11 specimens — TAIWAN: Meifeng, Nantou Hsien, 2130 m, 2–4.vi.1980 , 1 ♂, L. Y. Chou & C. C. Chen leg. ( TARI); Meifeng , Nantou Hsien, 2150 m, 7–9.v.1981 , 1 ♀, K. S. Lin & S. C. Lin leg. ( TARI); Meifeng , Nantou Hsien, 2150 m, 28–29.viii.1981 , 1 ♀, L. Y. Chou & S. C. Lin leg. ( TARI); Meifeng , Nantou Hsien, 2150 m, 19–21.iv.1983 , 2 ♀♀, K. C. Chou & S. P. Huang leg. ( TARI); Tsuifeng , Nantou Hsien, 2300 m, 27.viii.1981 , 1 ♂, L. Y. Chou & S. C. Lin leg. ( TARI); Tsuifeng , Nantou Hsien, 2300 m, 1–3.viii.1981 , 1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, T. Lin & W. S. Tang leg. ( TARI); Taichung, Fushoushan , 26.vii.2010 , 1 ♀, T–Y. Liu leg. ( TARI) .

Redescription. Body length: ♂♂ 4.0– 4.5 mm (holotype 4.5 mm); ♀♀ 3.9–4.4 mm.

Male ( Figs 25, 27 View FIGURES 25–30 ). Dorsally brown except following parts black: middle part of vertex, three spots on pronotum (one elongate median and two smaller round lateral), scutellum, except apex, each elytron with five spots: one round spot between humerus and scutellum, not touching anterior elytral margin; two spots along lateral elytral margin; two spots along suture. Legs brown with apical halves of tibiae and tarsi often infuscate. Antennae brown with infuscate six apical antennomeres. Ventral side: head and prosternum brown, mesoventrite black with brown middle part, metaventrite black with brown posterior margin, abdomen pale brown with darker terminal ventrite and lateral parts of all other ventrites.

Head. Labrum transverse with rounded anterior margin, surface with transverse row of several punctures bearing long pale setae. Anterior clypeal margin straight. Anterior part of head semiopaque, sparsely covered with punctures and longer pale setae. Interantennal space narrow, 0.66 times as wide as transverse diameter of antennal insertion. Interocular space 2.30 as wide as transverse diameter of eye. Frontal tubercles subquadrangular, in posterior half distinctly elevated, semiopaque, covered with microsculpture, tubercles separated from each other by thin sulcus, laterally demarcated by thin furrow, posterior margins continuously connected with vertex. Vertex dull, cov- ered with microsculpture, small punctures and short setae. Antennae thin, 0.62 times as long as body, length ratios of antennomeres I–XI equal to 15-9- 19-8-7-8 - 7-8-8-8-13, in lateral view antennomere III concave dorsally, with large triangular apical tooth ventraly, antennomeres IV–V with sharp ventral keel ( Fig. 18 View FIGURES 8–21 ).

Pronotum transverse, 1.76 times as wide as long, widest at anterior third. Anterior margin weakly concave, lateral margins obtuse angulate with rounded middle part, anteriorly and posteriorly convergent and nearly straight, posterior margin straight, lateral parts of posterior margin oblique and concave. All margins with thin borders. Anterior and posterior angles toothed and bearing long pale seta. Surface with distinct elevation along anterior margin, laterally broader and curved posteriorly, disc transversely impressed. Anterior elevation lustrous and almost glabrous, disc densely covered with small punctures and short setae.

Scutellum triangular, with rounded apex, surface densely covered with microsculpture, small punctures and short setae.

Elytra moderately convex, slightly extended posteriorly, 0.75 as long as body, 1.70 times as long as wide, dull, covered with small confused punctures with interspaces as wide as or narrower than puncture diameters and dense short pale setae, surface slightly impressed in subscutellar area, remainder of surface even. Humeral calli well developed. Epipleura wide, in apical quarter gradually narrowing towards apex, densely covered with short pale setae. Macropterous.

Ventrally semiopaque, covered with longer pale setae. Last abdominal ventrite with deep U-shaped incision.

Legs moderately narrow. Protarsi: protarsomere I narrow, nearly subparallel, without modified ventral surface, II subtriangular, short, length ratios of protarsomeres I–IV equal to 7-6-5-9. Mesotarsi: mesotarsomere I narrow, subparallel, in lateral view axe-shaped, with narrow basal part and expanded apical half, angles of expanded part pointed, length ratios of mesotarsomeres I–IV equal to 8-7-5-10. Metatarsi: metatarsomere I narrow, subparallel, length ratios of metatarsomeres I–IV equal to 10-6-6-10. Claws bifid.

Aedeagus ( Fig. 1 View FIGURES 1–7 ) curved in its midlength in axis ca. 90°. Basal half near the midlength with two short, blunt lateral spines (right spine closer to midlength than left one). Apical half asymmetrical with right side slightly rounded and apex curved left.

Female. Antennomere III long, tubular, without triangular extension in apical part of ventral side, antennomeres IV–V without sharp ventral keel. Pro- and mesotarsomeres I not modified. Last abdominal ventrite entire, without deep U-shaped incision. Spermatheca ( Fig. 22 View FIGURES 22–24 ) with C-shaped cornu with slightly wider basal part and subsphaerical nodulus, cornu slightly wider than nodulus, basal part of ductus spermathecae subconical.

Distribution. China: Fujian ( Gressitt & Kimoto 1963), Taiwan ( Gressitt & Kimoto 1963, present study). The distribution in other countries and Chinese provinces refer either to other species or their identity cannot be confirmed based on available specimens.

Differential diagnosis. Pyrrhalta maculata is characterised by long antennomere III, which is more than twice longer than IV. Antennomere III with large triangular subapical extension ventrally in males, whereas it is cylindri- cal in females. Similarly modified antennomere III can be found only in P. carolusi sp. nov. (cf. Figs 18–19 View FIGURES 8–21 ). All other species have antennomere III much shorter, 1.0–1.3 times as long as IV. Pyrrhalta maculata and P. carolusi sp. nov. differ in the structure of aedeagus, which is strongly curved dorsally at midlength in P. maculata and flat and straight in P. carolusi sp. nov. ( Figs 1–2 View FIGURES 1–7 ).