Cremastosperma napoense Pirie

Pirie, Michael D., Chatrou, Lars W. & Maas, Paul J. M., 2018, A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species, PhytoKeys 112, pp. 1-141 : 1

22. Cremastosperma napoense Pirie Fig. 31 , Map 3

Cremastosperma napoense Pirie, Blumea 50: 54, f. 7. 2005.

Type.

ECUADOR, Napo: Cantón Archidonia, foothills south of Volcano Sumaco, km 50 on Hollín - Loreto road, community Huahua Sumaco, 3 May 1989, Alvarado, A. 267 (holotype: U! [U0012198]; isotypes: AAU!, MO! [MO-047571], QCNE).

Description.

Tree 5-20 m tall, 10-15 cm diam.; young twigs and petioles rather densely covered with appressed whitish-golden hairs to 0.2 mm long. Leaves: petioles 8-12(-18) by 3-4 mm; lamina narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 17-42 by 7-13 cm (index 1.8-3.9), chartaceous, olive green or brown on both sides, venation darker below, glabrous above, rather densely covered with appressed whitish-golden hairs to 0.2 mm long on veins below, base acute, apex acute to acuminate (acumen 5-15 mm long), primary vein grooved over entire leaf length, verrucose at the base, 3-4 mm wide at widest point, secondary veins (8-)10-15, occasionally 1 or 2 intersecondary veins, distance between from 4-9 mm at the base, 20-50(-60) mm in the centre to 10-30 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 40-50° at the base to 70-80° closer to the apex, occasionally branching, forming more or less distinct loops in the apical half, tertiary veins percurrent. Inflorescence of 1-8 flowers, branching, solitary or clustered in groups of 2, on leafless twigs and branches; peduncles 7-22 by 1-1.5 mm (in flower), 10-22 by 2.5-3 mm (in fruit); pedicels 25-38 by ca. 1 mm at the base, 1.5-2 mm at the apex (in flower), 25-38 by 2-3 mm at the base, 2-4 mm at the apex (in fruit), peduncles and pedicels rather densely to densely covered with appressed whitish to golden hairs to 0.2 mm long; single lower bract, soon falling off; upper bract attached around halfway along the pedicel, broadly to depressed elliptic or broadly to depressed ovate, 1-2 by 1.5-1.8 mm, obtuse, outer side densely covered with appressed whitish-golden hairs to 0.2 mm long; closed flower buds depressed ovoid, opening early in development; flowers green, maturing to greenish-yellow or cream in vivo, brown in sicco; sepals fused for first 0.5 mm, deltate, appressed (basal 1 mm of sepals and petals reflexed), 2.5-3 by ca. 3 mm, acute or obtuse, soon falling off, inner side glabrous, outer side rather densely to densely covered with appressed whitish-golden hairs to 0.2 mm long; outer petals elliptic, 8-15 by 5-9 mm, inner petals elliptic, 12-14 by 5-7 mm, inner side of inner and outer petals glabrous, most of outer side of outer petals rather densely to densely covered with appressed whitish-golden hairs to 0.2 mm long (towards the margins and apex glabrous), outer side of inner petals largely glabrous but with a narrow, dense, sometimes branching band of appressed, whitish-golden, to 0.2 mm long hairs extending from the base to halfway towards the apex; receptacle depressed ovoid; androecium ca. 6 mm diam., stamens 1-1.5 mm long, connective appendage 0.5-0.8 mm wide; gynoecium ca. 2 mm diam., carpels up to ca. 40, ca. 1.5 mm long, glabrous or sparsely covered with appressed, whitish-golden, to 0.2 mm long hairs. Monocarps 16-37, ellipsoid, asymmetrical, 12-20 by 10-13 mm, green maturing to dark purple or black in vivo, black in sicco; stipes 20-30 by 2-3 mm; fruiting receptacle depressed ovoid, 7-12 mm diam., monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. Seeds ellipsoid, brown, lightly furrowed (not pitted), ca. 13 by 9 mm, raphe neither sunken nor raised, encircling seed longitudinally.

Distribution.

Ecuador (Napo, one collection in Pastaza).

Habitat and ecology.

Primary pluvial premontane forest, often on volcanic soils but also reported growing on limestone. At elevations of 600-1300 m. Flowering: September, November, December and February; fruiting: August to December, March to May.

Vernacular names.

Ecuador: Ayacara (Quichua; Alvarado 267, Cerón & Hurtado 6663, Hurtado & Alvarado 322, 896, 941, Hurtado et al. 2096), Naguan (T.D. Pennington et al. 12266).

Notes.

The characteristic pattern of indument on the inner petals of Cremastosperma napoense appears to be unique for the genus. The species can be further distinguished by the combination of a branching inflorescence and glabrous fruits. The only other species in the genus with such an inflorescence are C. alticola and C. cauliflorum . Cremastosperma alticola differs in the much shorter stipes and larger monocarps. C. cauliflorum differs both in the presence of brown indument on the (characteristic globose to transversely broadly elliptic) monocarps and in the dense covering of much longer hairs on the flowers.

Preliminary conservation status.

Cremastosperma napoense is represented by a moderate number of collections spread across an area that, due to its limited size, would qualify as Vulnerable; however it includes sites wthin a national park that might ameliorate habitat decline. Near Threatened [NT] (Table 1 ).

Selected specimens examined.

ECUADOR. Napo: Parque Nacional Sumaco, 0°44'S, 77°34'W, 1100 m a.s.l., 1 May 1991, Alvarado 427 (U); Hollín-Loreto road, foothills of Volcán Sumaco, 0°38'S, 77°27'W, 1000 m a.s.l., 29 Apr 1989, Cerón & F. Hurtado 6663 (U); Reserva de Biosfera Sumaco, 0°49'39"S, 77°33'47"W, 1160 m a.s.l., 26 Feb 2003, Cevallos 55 (MO); Hollín-Loreto road, 0°43'S, 77°40'W, 1230 m a.s.l., 10 Nov 1988, F. Hurtado & Alvarado 896 (U); Codo Bajo, 0°30'S, 77°15'W, 660 m a.s.l., 18 Sep 1990, J. Jaramillo et al. 12840 (AAU); Gonzalo Pizarro, Río Tigre, Lumbaqui-Reventador rd, 0°05'S, 77°24'W, 900-1100 m a.s.l., 19 Feb 1987, Neill & Palacios 7649 (MO, U); Hollín-Loreto-Coca road, 0°40'S, 77°00'W, 1200 m a.s.l., 11 Dec 1987, Neill et al. 8089 (AAU, GB, K, MO, NY, QCNE, U); Volcán Sumaco, 5 km E of Huamaní, 0°44'S, 77°35'W, 1100 m a.s.l., 19 Oct 1989, Neill & Palacios 9088 (U); Cantón El Chaco, Río Granadillo, 0°08'S, 77°28'W, 1300 m a.s.l., 13 Sep 1990, Palacios 5485 (U). Pastaza: Puyo, Colonia Bolívar, 1°23'S, 77°45'W, 1000 m a.s.l., 15 Dec 1997, Neill 11048 (U). Sucumbíos: Sinangoe Station, Cucocco beach camp, 0°07'49"S, 77°33'20"W, 8 Aug 2001, Aguinda et al. 1581 (F); Cofán de Sinangüe, 0°08'N, 77°27'W, 700-800 m a.s.l., 4 Dec 1992, Cerón 20815 (MO, U).

Figures

Map 3. Distribution of Cremastosperma awaense Pirie, C. dolichocarpum Pirie, C. magdalenae Pirie, C. napoense Pirie, C. pacificum R. E. Fr. and C. westrae Pirie

Figure 31. Cremastosperma napoense Pirie. a inflorescences b infrutescence and leaf (a Ceron 2986 b Alvarado 267).