Cervus nippon Temminck, 1838

Peter Grubb, 1993, Order Artiodactyla, Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press, pp. 377-414 : 386

Cervus nippon Temminck, 1838 . Coup d'oeil sur la faune des iles de la Sonde et de l'empire du Japon, p. xxii.

TYPE LOCALITY: Japan, probably Kyushu; see Groves and Smeenk (1978) .

DISTRIBUTION: Taiwan, E China, Manchuria, Korea (incl. Cheju Isl), adjacent E Siberia, Japan (incl Tsushima Isis), Vietnam. Introduced to British Isles, mainland Europe (incl. Lithuania and Ukraine), Caucasus region, New Zealand, USA, Solo Isl ( Philippines, still extant?), Kerama Isis (Ryukyu Isis) and small islands off Japan.

STATUS: U.S. ESA - Endangered as C. n. grassianus, C. n. keramae, C. n. kopschi , C. n. mandarinus , and C. n. taiouanus; IUCN - Extinct? as C. n. grassianus, Extinct as C. n. mandarinus, Endangered as C. n. keramae, C. n. pseudaxis, and C. n. taiouanus, Indeterminate as C. n. sichuanicus.

SYNONYMS: aceros, andreanus, aplodonticus, aplodontus, arietinus, blakistoninus, brachypus, brachyrhinus, centralis, consobrinus, cycloceros, cyclorhinus, daimius, dejardinus, devilleanus, dolichorhinus, dominicanus, dugennianus; dybowskii Taczanowski, 1876; elegans, ellipticus, euopis, frinianus, fuscus , gracilis , granulosus, grassianus, grilloanus, hollandianus, hortulorum , hyemalis, ignotus, imperialis, infelix, japonicus, joretianus, kematoceros, keramae, kopschi , lacrymosus, latidens, legrandianus, mageshimae, mandarinus , mantchuricus, marmandianus, matsumotei, microdontus, microspilus, minoensis, minor, minutus, mitratus, modestus, morrisianus, novioninus, orthopodicus, orthopus, oxycephalus, paschalis, pouvrelianus, pseudaxis, pulchellus , regulus, rex, riverianus, rutilus, schizodonticus, schlegeli, schulzianus, sendaiensis, sica, sicarius, sichuanicus, sika, soloensis, surdescens; swinhoei Glover, 1956 ; sylvanus, tai-oranus, taiouanus, taivanus, typicus, xendaiensis, yakushimae, yesoensis, yuanus.

COMMENTS: Includes hortulorum , taiouanus and pulchellus , which were considered species by Imaizumi (1970a). Includes soloensis, see Grubb and Groves (1983). Reviewed by Feldhamer (1980, Mammalian Species, 128). Revised in part by Groves and Smeenk (1978).