Tydeus Koch

Silva, Guilherme Liberato Da, Metzelthin, Maicon Henrique, Silva, Onilda Santos Da & Ferla, Noeli Juarez, 2016, Catalogue of the mite family Tydeidae (Acari: Prostigmata) with the world key to the species, Zootaxa 4135 (1), pp. 1-68 : 55-57

Key to the species of Tydeus Koch

1. Dorsal ornamentation lacking, entirely striate............................................................... 2

- Dorsal ornamentation type “Basketweave” (body covered with granulation)....................................... 41

2. Dorsal idiosomal setae similar in shape.................................................................... 3

- Dorsal idiosomal setae different in shape.................................................................. 24

3. Cheliceral stilettos as long as palptarsus.................................................................... 4

- Stilettos distinctly shorter than palptarsus................................................................... 5

4. Dorsal idiosomal setae narrowly spindle-like, slightly serrated and relatively long (especially “caudal” setae, e.g., f1 and h1 ca 38); seta f1 nearly as long as distance f1-h1; solenidion ωI short: significantly shorter than 1/2 distance ft-tcζ ............................................................................................. T. electus Kuznetzov, 1973

- Dorsal idiosomal setae broader and lanceolate strongly serrated and short (e.g. f1 and h 1 18-22); seta f1 not longer than 1/2 dis- tance f1-h1; solenidion ωI longer than 1/2 of distance ft-tcζ: its tip almost reaches to bases of tectals.....................

............................................................................. .. T. diversus Kuznetzov, 1973 5. Dorsal idiosomal setae smooth...........................................................................6

- Dorsal idiosomal setae not smooth........................................................................9

6. Six pairs of genital setae (ge) in adults; fastigial setae on tarsus I distinctly different in length; palptarsus eupathidium (p’ζ) distinctly cleft distally or “T”-shaped distally.................................................................. 7

- Four pairs of genital setae (ge) in adults; fastigial setae subequal in length; palpal eupathidium only subtly cleft........... 8

7. Dorsal body setae tiny, needle-form, smooth, not broader than bothridial setae; palptarsus eupathidium (p’ζ) distinctly cleft distally; empodial claws present..................................................... T. linarocatus ( Schiess, 1981)

- Dorsal body setae spindle-like, broader than bothridial setae (bo), slightly serrate; palptarsus eupathidium (p’ζ) bent, gradually narrowing apically, terminating in a “T”-shape; empodia with triangular basal excrescence only (claws reduced)........... T. narolicatus Kaźmierski and Ripka, 2013

8. With furrow at level of f1–f2; bothridial setae bo long (ca 32).......................... T. quadrisetosus ( Schiess, 1981)

- Without furrow at level of f1–f2; bothridial setae bo short (ca 26–27)............ T. riopardensis Silva , Cunha & Ferla 2014

9. Dorsal striae broad and widely separated, connected in some places; no more than twenty striae lie between bothridial setae (bo)........................................................................... T. lindquisti ( Marshall, 1970)

- Dorsal striae more subtle and placed close to each other; several tens of striae between setae (bo).....................10

10. Dorsal idiosomal setae long, especially “caudal” setae, setae f, h and ps1 nearly as long as bothridial setae; tip of seta f1 reaches base of h1........................................................... T. caryae Khanjani & Ueckermann, 2003

- Dorsal idiosomal setae not so long, setae f, h and ps1 shorter than bothridial setae; f1 does not reach base of h1 ..........11

11. Ventral striae between setae mtα transverse; dorsal setae of genua and tibiae III and IV stout and blunt..................................................................................................... T. costensis Baker, 1970

- Ventral striation between (mtα) “V”-shaped or longitudinal; dorsal setae of genua and tibiae III and IV slender........... 12

12. Striae between ventral setae mtα form a “V”-pattern......................................................... 13

- Striae between ventral setae mtα longitudinal............................................................... 18

13. Dorsal idiosomal setae relatively broadly lanceolate and stout: setae f1 as long as 1/3 distance f1-h1; bothridial setae short, thickened and serrated............................................................. T. gloveri ( Ashmead, 1879)

- Dorsal idiosomal setae at least narrowly lanceolate and longer: setae f1 as long as 1/2 distance f1-h1, or longer; bothridial setae simple and smooth, short or long........................................................................ 14

14. Bothridial setae (bo) short: subequal in length with dorsal idiosomal setae; solenidion ωI as long as 2/3 of width of tarsus I; claws (ol) visibly serrated ventrally................................................. .. T. rhusi Ueckermann, 1988

- Bothridial setae (bo) long: longer than dorsal idiosomal setae; solenidion ωI short: no more than 1/2 of width of tarsus I; claws (ol) apparently nude.................................................................................. 15

15. Dorsal idiosomal setae of moderate length (f1 as long as 1/2 distance f1-h1) and sparsely serrated, with no more than twelve teeth in one longitudinal row; bothridial setae (bo) nude; solenidion ωI as long as 1/2 of width of tarsus I................................................................................................. T. kochi Oudemans, 1928

- Dorsal idiosomal setae long (f1 longer than 1/2 of distance f1-h1) and more heavily serrated, with about twenty or more teeth in one longitudinal row; bothridial setae (bo) “rough” or simply serrate; solenidion ωI shorter than 1/2 of width of tarsus I... 16

16. Setae ps1 less than half length of setae f and h .................. T. shabestariensis Akbari, Haddad & Kaźmierski, 2015

- Setae ps1 of similar length as setae f and h ................................................................. 1 7

17. Gnathosoma almost hidden under aspidosoma and only its very distal part visible from above; ventral striae between setae mtβ form “U”-shaped pattern; bothridial setae (bo) “rough” only................................. T. inclutus Livshitz, 1973

- Gnathosoma strongly protrudes before anterior projection of aspidosoma; ventral striae between setae mtβ form narrow “V”- pattern; bothridial setae (bo) serrated............................................... T. mississipiensis Baker, 1970

18. Body exceptionally elongated: ratio of length to width of idiosoma 2:1......................................... 19

- Body broader........................................................................................ 20

19. Bothridial setae (bo) slightly serrate; palptarsus short (12)...................... T. praeditus Livshitz & Zapletina, 1972

- Bothridial setae (bo) smooth; palptarsus long (32)................. .. T. kabutarahangensis Khanjani & Ueckermann, 2003

20. Dorsal idiosomal setae strongly haired ( plumose ) and relatively long: setae h about as long as 1/2 length of bothridial setae (bo)...............................................................................................21

- Dorsal idiosomal setae lanceolate, serrate and relatively short: setae h distinctly shorter than 1/2 length of bothridial setae (bo)...................................................................................................22

21. Striation type “ Tydeus ”; bothridial setae (bo) stout and stiff; ventral edge of claws (ol) not corrugated (nude)................................................................................................ T. plumosus Karg, 1975

- Striation subtype “ Paralorryia - incerta”; bothridial (bo) setae with flabby distal part; claws with strongly corrugated ventral edges...................................................................... T. bohemiensis Kaźmierski, 1989

22. Setae f1 as long as 1/3 of distance f1-h1; six pairs of genital setae; coxae with clearly visible subcuticular reticulations, which form a special kind of reticulation........................................................................23

- Setae f1 slightly longer than 1/2 of distance f1-h1; four pairs of genital setae; coxal reticulation absent............................................................................................ T. helenipanoue Kaźmierski, 1998

23. Bothridial setae (bo) smooth; setae f1 three times shorter than distance f1–h1.............. T. reticoxus Ueckermann, 1988

- Bothridial (bo) setae slightly serrate; dorsal setae relatively longer; setae f1 only two times shorter than distance f1–h1. T. martae Kaźmierski, 2013

24. Palptarsus short: ratio of length to width 3:1; cheliceral stilettos longer than palptarsus (setae e1, f1, f2, h1,h2 and ps1 spatulate-clavate)....................................................................... T. dignus Livshitz, 1973

- Palptarsus more elongated; cheliceral stilettos at least as long as palptarsus or shorter (setae e1 not spatulate-clavate)......25

25. Dorsal idiosomal setae narrowly lanceolate and pointed, excepting setae h1, h2 and ps1, which are broadened distally, without sharp tips, being spatulate clavate or simply spatulate........................................................ 26

- More than three pairs of dorsal idiosomal setae spatulate.....................................................28

26. Setae on genu II and III serrated.................................................... T. nieuwkerkeni André, 2005

- Setae on genu II and III nude........................................................................... 27

27. Spatulate setae strongly broadened on distal 1/3, rounded distally (subtype spatulate s. str.).......... T. goetzi Schruft, 1972

- Spatulate setae moderately broadened from at least 1/2 of length, narrowed distally, but not tapered (subtype spatulate-clavate)................................................................................ T. caudatus ( Dugés, 1834)

28. Setae c2 slender, or narrowly lanceolate, tapering distally..................................................... 29

- Setae c2 spatulate.................................................................................... 38

29. Ventral striae between metasternal setae longitudinal; dorsal idiosomal setae moderately long or long: f1 at least longer than 1/ 2 of distance f1-h1 .................................................................................... 30

- Ventral striae between metasternal setae transverse or form an obtuse “V” pattern; dorsal body setae short: f1 as long as 1/3 of distance f1-h1 ....................................................................................... 37

30. Only setae f2, h1, h2 and ps1 spatulate.................................................................... 31

- Besides setae f2, h1, h2 and ps1, some other dorsal setae spatulate (f1, or f1 and e1)................................ 32

31. Spatulate setae strongly broadened in distal third, rounded distally (subtype spatulate s. str.).......... T. lambi Baker, 1970

- Spatulate setae moderately broadened from very bases to about 3/4 of length, narrowed distally, but not pointed (narrowly spatulate-clavate)............................................................ T. grabouwi Meyer & Ryke, 1959

32. Setae e1 spatulate (subtype spatulate-clavate)....................................... T. calabrus ( Castagnoli, 1984)

- Setae e1 narrowly lanceolate, not spatulate................................................................. 33

33. Dorsal idiosomal setae long: setae f1 reach bases of setae h1, bothridial setae (bo) as long as other dorsal setae; between setae d1 dorsal striae arranged in narrow “U”; solenidion ωI slightly longer than 1/2 of width of tarsus I; dorsal setae on genu III, tibia III and IV slender, sharp........................................... T. momeni Khanjani & Ueckermann, 2003

- Dorsal idiosomal setae of medium length: setae f1 do not reach bases of h1, bothridial setae (bo) slightly longer than other dorsal setae; between setae d1 dorsal striae arranged in obtuse “U”; solenidion ωI about 1/3 as long as width of tarsus I...... 34

34. Dorsal setae on genu III, tibia III and IV stout, blunt................................... T. californicus ( Banks, 1904)

- Dorsal setae on genu III, tibia III and IV simple............................................................. 35

35. Five pairs of opisthosomal lanceolate setae, transverse striation pattern even between setae f1 present; striae between setae ro slightly separated narrower near setae ro........................................... T. spathulatus Oudemans, 1928

- Five pairs of opisthosomal lanceolate setae or clavate setae; transverse striation pattern even between setae f1 absent; striae between setae ro largely separated but narrower near setae ro .................................................. 36

36. Prodorsal seta ro slightly curved and serrated; species with circular striations at base of adanal and opisthosomal clavate setae, transverse striation between setae f1................................................. T. mvurwiensis André, 2010

- Prodorsal seta ro straighter and smooth; species with no such striations, sagittal striations between setae f1 .............................................................................................. T. meshkinensis André, 2010

37. Ventral striae between metasternal setae form an obtuse “V” pattern; dorsal body setae stout and tapering distally with exception of f2, h1, h2 and ps1, which are spatulate-clavate; bothridial (bo) setae “rough”, short (only slightly longer than other dorsal setae), stout, blunt, slightly enlarged terminally; six pairs of genital setae (ge)................ T. africanus Baker, 1970

- Ventral striae between metasternal setae transverse; dorsal setae ro, la, ex and c2 lanceolate, taper to a point distally; other dorsal setae (eight pairs) spatulate-clavate; bothridial setae (bo) nude, long (distinctly longer than other dorsal setae), relatively slender and not enlarged terminally; four pairs of genital setae (ge).................... T. munsteri Meyer & Ryke, 1959

38. No setae spatulate in addition to spatulate setae c2, f2, h1, h2 and ps1; stout and blunt bothridial setae (bo) shorter than other dorsal setae............................................................. T. spathatus Meyer & Rodrigues, 1966

- At least setae f1 spatulate in addition to spatulate setae c2, f2, h1, h2 and ps1 (i.e more than five pairs of spatulate setae); bothridial setae (bo) not so stout, longer than other dorsal setae.................................................... 39

39. Dorsal idiosomal setae short: setae f1 about as long as 1/4 of distance f1-h1; setae ro, la, c1 and d1 slender, very slightly lanceolate; setae ex broadly lanceolate, other dorsal setae spatulate-clavate; solenidion ωI longer than 1/2 width of tarsus I...................................................................................... T. taiwanensis Baker, 1970

- Dorsal idiosomal setae moderately long: setae f1 distinctly longer than 1/2 of distance f1-h1; spatulate setae in another combination; solenidion ωI not longer than 1/2 of width of tarsus I.................................................. 40

40. Setae ro, la, ex, c1, d1 and e1 slender, pilose; setae c2, f1, f2, h1, h2 and ps1 spatulate, strongly broadened on distal third, but tapering at tips; bothridial setae (bo) slightly longer than other dorsal setae; solenidion ωI as long as 1/2 width of tarsus I.................................................................................. T. bkaasifrini ( Bayan, 1986)

- Only setae ro and la slender, tapering distally: remaining setae spatulate-clavate; bothridial setae (bo) as long as dorsal idiosomal setae; solenidion ωI shorter than 1/2 of width of tarsus I................................ T. chilensis Baker, 1970

41. Dorsal idiosomal setae smooth, lanceolate, similar in type; palptarsus eupathidium (p’ζ) rod-like, without goblet-shape or “T”- shape tip........................................................................... T. lolitae ( Baker, 1965)

- Dorsal idiosomal setae serrate and of varied type: “caudal” setae spatulate, other setae narrowly lanceolate; eupathidium (p’ζ) narrowed distally, but with goblet-shape or “T”-shape tip.....................................................42

42. Opisthosomal setae spatulate........................................................................... 43

- Opisthosomal setae slightly serrated, not spatulate................................ T. manoi Silva, Rocha & Ferla 2014

43. Setae e1, f1, f2, h1, h2 and ps1 spatulate; empodial hooks absent; seta d on palptarsus simple; palptarsus eupathidium (p’ζ)