Dolichopus Latreille

SCOTT E. BROOKS, 2005, Systematics and phylogeny of Dolichopodinae (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), Zootaxa 857, pp. 1-158 : 46-54

Genus Dolichopus Latreille

( Figs. 9 A–F, 10A–F)

Dolichopus Latreille, 1797: 159 . Type species: Musca ungulata Linnaeus [Palaearctic], designation by Latreille, 1810: 443.

Ragheneura Rondani, 1856: 144 . Type species: Dolichopus griseipennis Stannius [Palaearctic], by original designation.

Hygroceleuthus Loew, 1857: 10 . Type species: Dolichopus latipennis Fallén [Palaearctic, Nearctic], designation by Coquillett, 1910: 554. Listed as subgenus of Dolichopus by Negrobov (1991).

Rhagoneurus Loew, 1864: 346 . Unjustified emendation of Ragheneura Rondani, 1856 , based on Loew’s misspelling “ Rhageneura ” (see discussion in Dyte 1975).

Spathichira Bigot, 1888a : xxiv [1888c: xxiv]. Type species: Dolichopus funditor Loew [Nearctic], by original designation.

Spatichira Bigot, 1888b : xxx [1888c: xxx]. Type species Spatichira pulchrimana Bigot [Nearctic], by monotypy.

Lichtwardtia Enderlein, 1912: 406 . Type species: Lichtwardtia formosana Enderlein [= Dolichopus ziczac Wiedemann ] [Oriental], by original designation. syn. nov.

Eudolichopus Frey, 1915: 10 (as subgenus). Type species: Musca plumipes Scopoli [Palaearctic, Nearctic], designation by Steyskal, 1973: 347 (see discussion in Dyte 1975).

Leucodolichopus Frey, 1915: 10 (as subgenus). Type species: Dolichopus remipes Wahlberg [Palaearctic, Nearctic], designation by Steyskal, 1973: 348.

Melanodolichopus Frey, 1915: 10 (as subgenus). Type species: Dolichopus stenhammari Zetterstedt [Palaearctic, Nearctic], designation by Steyskal, 1973: 348.

Va al imyia Curran 1926: 398. Type species: Vaalimyia violacea Curran [= Dolichopus angularis Macquart ] [Afrotropical], by original designation. syn. nov.

Macrodolichopus Stackelberg, 1933: 109 (as subgenus). Type species: Dolichopus diadema Haliday [Palaearctic], by original designation.

Hydroceleuthus , incorrect subsequent spelling by Aldrich, 1921: 8.

Hygrocelenthus, incorrect subsequent spelling by Parent, 1929c: 176.

Rageneura , incorrect subsequent spelling by Bigot, 1890: 269

Raghenerura , incorrect subsequent spelling by Dyte, 1975: 232.

Rhageneura, incorrect subsequent spelling by Loew, 1864: 346.

New Combinations and Transfers. The following new combinations are hereby established: Dolichopus angulicornis ( Grichanov, 2004) comb. nov. ( Lichtwardtia ); Dolichopus clypeatus ( Grichanov, 2004) comb. nov. ( Lichtwardtia ); Dolichopus emelyanovi ( Grichanov, 1998) comb. nov. ( Lichtwardtia ); Dolichopus fractinervis ( Parent, 1929c) comb. nov. (Vaa l imy ia); Dolichopus hilgerae ( Grichanov, 2004) comb. nov. ( Lichtwardtia ); Dolichopus hollisi ( Grichanov, 1998) comb. nov. ( Lichtwardtia ); Dolichopus maculatus ( Parent, 1936) comb. nov. (Vaa l imy ia); Dolichopus minusculus ( Parent, 1934b) comb. nov. (Va al imy ia); Dolichopus mironovi ( Grichanov, 1998) comb. nov. ( Lichtwardtia ); Dolichopus nigrifacies ( Grichanov, 2004) comb. nov. ( Lichtwardtia ); Dolichopus nigrotorquatus ( Parent, 1937) comb. nov. (Vaa l imy ia); Dolichopus nikolaevae ( Grichanov, 1998) comb. nov. ( Lichtwardtia ); Dolichopus sukharevae ( Grichanov, 1998) comb. nov. ( Lichtwardtia ); Dolichopus tikhonovi ( Grichanov, 1998) comb. nov. ( Lichtwardtia ). The following species are reassigned to Dolichopus : Dolichopus angularis Macquart, 1842 ; Dolichopus aethiopicus ( Bezzi, 1906) (Rhagoneurus) ; Dolichopus hirsutisetis (de Meijere, 1916) (Rhagoneurus) ; Dolichopus ziczac Wiedemann, 1824 .

Recognition. Dolichopus can be recognized by the possession of an obtuse to angular S­shaped bend in wing vein M, pleuron with a cluster or row of fine hairs in front of the posterior spiracle and hind basitarsus with 1 or more strong dorsal and anterior setae. Species formerly included in Lichtwardtia can be distinguished by the possession of a plumose arista and stub veins anteroproximally and posterodistally arising on the corners of the angular S­shaped bend in wing vein M.

Description. Head: Vertex more or less flat to weakly excavated, 1 pair of strong vertical setae, stronger than postverticals. Frons about 1.6–3.0 x wider than high, sides subparallel to distinctly convergent anteriorly. Face and clypeus usually bare, occasionally with weak hairs (e.g., D. latilimbatus Macquart , D. nubilus Meigen ). Face broad to narrow in male with sides convergent, occasionally subparallel, narrowest near or below middle, sometimes distinctly widening below, broader in female with sides subparallel to weakly convergent. Clypeus usually flat to weakly produced, sometimes strongly bulging, lower margin usually straight to weakly emarginate, occasionally rounded to subtriangular (e.g., male D. latipennis ), usually ending well above lower eye margin, occasionally extending to or beyond lower eye margin (e.g., D. diadema ). Palp ovoid, rounded to subtriangular apically, sometimes smaller in male, weak setae and/or fine hairs on apical half of outer surface, usually with distinct apical seta. Antenna: Scape usually short, subconical with short dorsal setae, occasionally elongated and flattened, with long dense setae (e.g., D. latipennis , D. consanguineus (Wheeler) , D. crenatus (Osten Sacken)) , acute medioventral process usually distinct to well­developed, occasionally absent or reduced in species with elongated scape, ventral acute process often present; pedicel usually short, occasionally elongated and flattened in species with elongate scape (e.g., D. latipennis ); first flagellomere ovoid to subtriangular, sometimes acute and elongate in male (e.g., D. acuticornis Wiedemann , D. fumosus Van Duzee ); arista dorsal to subapical, usually 2­segmented, rarely 1 segmented (e.g., male D. dorycerus Loew ), basal segment occasionally thickened and densely pubescent (e.g., D. consanguineus ), distal segment usually velvety to shortly pubescent, sometimes plumose (e.g., D. angularis ), rarely glabrous (e.g., male D. dorycerus ), occasionally with apical lamella in male (e.g., D. dorycerus , D. phyllocerus Vo c k e r ­ oth). Lower postocular setae often flattened, especially in male (e.g., D. remipes , D. setifer Loew ), lowermost seta sometimes stronger, postgenal area behind lower postoculars occasionally with dense setae (e.g., D. annulitarsis Ringdahl , D. czekanovskii Stackelberg ). Postvertical setae slightly to distinctly stronger than uppermost pair of postoculars.

Thorax: Acrostichals biserial; 5–6 dorsocentrals, penultimate pair aligned to strongly offset medially; posterior mesonotum in front of scutellum usually bare, occasionally with fine setae (e.g., D. aldrichi (Wheeler) , D. latipennis , D. latilimbatus , D. humilus Va n Duzee, D. nubilus ); 1 strong outer posthumeral, 1 strong to weak inner posthumeral; 2 notopleurals; 1 presutural; 1 sutural; 2 supraalars; 1 postalar. Dark metallic spot above notopleuron occasionally present (e.g., D. ungulatus ). Upper and lower part of propleuron with fine hairs; lower part of propleuron with 1 strong prothoracic seta; pleural surface in front of posterior spiracle with a cluster or row of fine hairs; metepisternum with a cluster or row of several fine hairs. Scutellum with 1 strong inner seta and usually 1 small outer seta on lateral margin, dorsum and/or posterior margin with fine hairs, occasionally bare.

Legs: Pulvilli developed normally on all legs. Foreleg: Often modified in male. Femur often with 1 well­developed posterior preapical seta, occasionally 2 setae, rarely with strong anterior preapical (e.g., D. finitus Walker ), male occasionally with long, fine setae ventrally to posteroventrally (e.g., D. indigenus Van Duzee , D. ungulatus ); tibia of male sometimes with long, fine apical seta (e.g., D. diadema ); basitarsus sometimes with strong basiventral seta (e.g., D. angularis ); tarsus often modified in male, sometimes elongate, tarsomeres variably flattened and/or fringed with setae, occasionally piliferous ventrally (e.g., D. consanguineus ), fifth tarsomere often strongly laterally flattened and dark (e.g., D. dakotensis Aldrich ). Midleg: Usually unmodified in males. Femur with 1–5 strong anterior preapical setae, male occasionally with long, fine setae posteroventrally (e.g., D. ungulatus ); tibia of male occasionally narrow and flattened (e.g., D. plumipes ), with swollen apex (e.g., D. fulvipes Loew ), or with elongate setae (e.g., D. comatus Loew ); basitarsus often with 1 strong dorsal seta usually beyond middle (e.g., D. lobatus Loew , D. stenhammari ), rarely 2–3 dorsal setae (e.g., D. dasypodus Coquillett ), sometimes with distinct basiventral seta (e.g., D. angularis ); tarsus occasionally modified in males, usually variably flattened or fringed with modified setae. Hindleg: Often modified in male. Coxa with strong lateral seta near middle to distinctly below, rarely reduced (e.g., D. exsul Aldrich ); femur with 1–5 strong anterodorsal preapical setae, often with well­developed dorsobasal setae (e.g., D. ungulatus ), male frequently with long ventral to posteroventral setae (e.g., D. atratus Meigen , D. cuprinus Wiedemann , D. longimanus Loew ); tibia often thickened in male, ciliolarium (row of minute, closely­set hairs on apicodorsal part of tibia) present or absent, sometimes set inside shallow concavity (e.g., D. acuticornis , D. crassicornis Aldrich ), male often with posterior to posterodorsal bare or minutely­haired stripe or region that is occasionally widened or swollen in basal half (e.g., D. coercens Walker , D. diadema , D. stenhammari , D. ungulatus ), male with posteroapical ridge or lip­like process, often with associated dentiform projection; tarsus rarely modified in males (e.g., D. remipes ), basitarsus slightly shorter to distinctly longer than second tarsomere, usually with 2 or more strong dorsal and 1 or more anterior setae, sometimes with only 1 dorsal seta (e.g., D. conspectus Van Duzee , D. ziczac ), with several short ventral setae, sometimes with distinct basiventral seta, basitarsus of male with variably developed dentiform to hook­like posterobasal process.

Wing: Grayish or brownish to hyaline; sometimes infuscated, patterns of infuscation variable (see figures in Van Duzee et al., 1921), usually weaker or absent in female. Costa of male often with short to elongate swelling or pterostigma near insertion of R1, occasionally flap­like (e.g., D. costalis Frey ); R2+3 usually weakly sinuous basally, becoming straight or weakly curved distally, sometimes with anterior bend at tip; R4+5 relatively straight with posterior curve in distal section; distal section of M beyond crossvein dm­cu with two obtuse to right­angled bends forming a S­shaped bend before middle, sometimes with posterodistal and/or anteroproximal stub veins (e.g., D. ziczac ), M straight or weakly curved beyond bend, ending slightly to distinctly before wing apex; R4+5 and M usually subparallel beyond bend in M, sometimes distinctly convergent or divergent apically; crossvein dm­cu slightly longer to distinctly shorter than distal section of CuA1, distal section of CuA1 straight or curved towards wing margin; males of some species (e.g., D. lobatus , D. plumipes ) with well­developed anal lobe; wing occasionally short and broad in male (e.g., D. latipennis ); calypter of male occasionally with crimped hairs (e.g., D. ungulatus ).

Abdomen: Subconical. Male: T1 occasionally with large lateral pockets lined with fine hairs or modified setae (e.g., D. flagellitenens Wheeler , D. lobatus ); T1 and T2 occasionally with long fine hairs laterally (e.g., D. annulitarsis , D. compactus Van Duzee ); T2 occasionally with swollen lateral margin (e.g., D. dorycerus ); T6 bare; S2 unmodified; S3 unmodified to emarginate and membranous posteriorly; S2 and S3 occasionally with long, fine setae (e.g., D. setifer ); S4 usually deeply emarginate and membranous posteriorly to almost entirely membranous, occasionally divided; S5 sclerotized laterally to mainly membranous, usually with narrow medial sclerotized band fused to S6 posteriorly, lateral sclerotized bands also usually fused to S6 posteriorly, occasionally with a pair of eversible glandular sacs (e.g., D. plumipes , D. popularis Wiedemann ); S6 mainly membranous, sclerotized along anterior margin, sometimes fused to T6 laterally; segment 7 forming well­developed peduncle; S8 heart­shaped to subquadrate, setose. Hypopygium ( Figs. 9 A– D, 10A–D) usually large. Epandrium ovoid­subtriangular to subrectangular in lateral view, about 1.5–2.0 x longer than high, usually with weak to distinct bulge midlaterally on left side posterior to foramen, bulge sometimes well­developed (e.g., D. latilimbatus ); foramen positioned anterolaterally, well­separated from base of cerci; basiventral epandrial lobe weak to well­developed, sometimes absent ( Fig. 10 D), right and left lobes usually asymmetrical ( Fig. 9 D), left lobe usually bilobate with inner and outer projection, usually larger than right lobe, basiventral epandrial seta present ( D. minusculus with 3 strong setae along ventral epandrial margin); apicoventral epandrial lobe weak to well­developed, occasionally absent, usually subquadrate or subtriangular in lateral view with acute or keel­like dorsoapical extension, sometimes digitiform or bifurcate, usually with 2–3 setae, apical seta sometimes thick (e.g., D. ungulatus , Fig. 9 A), apical edge of lobe occasionally with a fringe of setae (e.g., D. latilimbatus ) or several spine­like setae (e.g., D. exsul ). Surstylus bilobed. Ventral lobe variable, usually digitiform and curved ventrally, often with dorsal hump ( Fig. 9 B), sometimes short and broad ( Fig. 10 B), apex sometimes with 1 to several modified setae near apex. Dorsal lobe ( Figs. 9 B, 10B) flared apically, usually with 1 preapical lateral seta, often with 1–2 strong or modifed mediodorsal setae; dorsal surface usually emarginate or notched preapically with keel­like projection near or across notch (i.e. “Segel” sensu Buchmann 1961); apex (i.e. “Kopfteil” sensu Buchmann 1961) expanded and often textured. Postgonite with anteroventral portion weakly sclerotized, nearly membranous and usually bifurcate anteriorly; posterodorsal portion usually welldeveloped, rarely absent or very short (e.g., D. genualis Van Duzee , D. gratiolus Steyskal, D. mironovi ), usually simple and slender ( Fig. 9 B), occasionally broad and swollen with rounded apex in lateral view (e.g., D. angularis , Fig. 10 B), occasionally bifurcate (e.g., undescribed species from Sri Lanka, Taiwan and Northern Australia), tripartite (e.g., D. atripes Meigen ), or with weak lateral projections (e.g., D. harbecki Van Duzee , D. lepidus Staeger ), arched and strongly curved ventrally to straight in lateral view. Proctiger brushes absent. Cercus ( Figs. 9 A, 10A) usually large, sometimes small and short, subrectangular to ovoid or subtriangular, usually pale with dark margin, occasionally entirely dark (e.g., D. detersus Loew ); apical and lateral margin often jagged, with several digitiform projections, the first with a strong, spatulate, apicoventral seta; many species with dense setae on lateral part of ventral surface (e.g., D. ungulatus , Fig. 9 A); margin often with sickle and/or scythe­shaped setae; cercus rarely thickened and fleshy (e.g., D. finitis Walker , D. quadrilamellatus Loew ). Hypandrium short to elongate, usually subtubular with left side extending dorsally over phallus, slit along right side, occasionally trough­like (e.g., D. genualis ), with or without dentiform process near apex, free laterally with weakly sclerotized to membranous connection to epandrium basally; hypandrial arms connected to hypandrium, occasionally weakly sclerotized near point of connection; hypandrial apodeme present, with knob­like apex. Sperm pump cylindrical; ejaculatory duct sometimes elongate; ejaculatory apodeme rod­like, apex flared and more or less T­shaped in dorsal view ( Figs. 9 C, 10C), rarely reduced (e.g., D. cruralis Wahlberg ); basal sclerite of sperm pump very welldeveloped, thick and heavily sclerotized, V­shaped to U­shaped in dorsal view ( Figs. 9 C, 10C), occasionally with elongated, rod­like base. Phallus usually elongate and slender, occasionally thickened, rarely short (e.g., D. cruralis ), sometimes with 1 to several dentiform projections, rarely serrate (e.g., D. exsul ) or with thin elongate projection (e.g., D. comatus ). Female ( Figs. 9 E,F, 10E,F): Terminalia elongate to quite short; T6, T7, S6 and S7 undivided, usually with darkened anterior and lateral margins; T8 and S8 divided medially, tergite and sternite weakly to distinctly fused anterolaterally. Furca present or absent, variable in structure. T10 divided medially into hemitergites each bearing 3–7 spines along outer margin and a single, slightly smaller inner medial spine present ( Figs. 9 E, 10E), spines rounded or pointed apically, occasionally wide and flattened apically (e.g., D. crenatus ). Upper lobe of cercus usually with long apical seta.

Geographical Distribution. Dolichopus , as newly defined above (i.e including species formerly in Lichtwardtia ) occurs in the Holarctic, Afrotropical, Oriental and Australasian regions, and also in the Hawaiian Islands ( D. exsul ). The genus is most diverse in the Holarctic. Three of the six species listed in the Afrotropical catalog ( Dyte & Smith 1980) were transferred to Hercostomus by Grichanov (1999a) ( H. congoensis , H. directus (Walker) , H. ultimus ) and the remaining three species are based on dubious records.

Phylogenetic Relationships. Dolichopus is the sister group to New Genus A based on the possession of a pair of inner medial spines on T10 of the female terminalia and by the distinctive structure of the dorsal surstylar lobe of the male genitalia. Buchmann (1961) provided detailed illustrations of the latter feature for several species of Palaearctic Dolichopus .

Remarks. Several subgenera have been recognized within Dolichopus ( Frey 1915; Stackelberg 1930). Frey (1915) divided the genus into four admittedly artifical subgenera (i.e. Dolichopus s. str., Eudolichopus , Leucodolichopus , Melanodolichopus ) based on color combinations of the femora and postocular setae. Although subsequent authors have used Frey’s subgeneric characters to divide Dolichopus into groups within keys (Van Duzee et al. 1921; Stackelberg 1930; Parent 1938), these groups have not been recognized as subgenera. In his treatment of the Palaearctic fauna Stackelberg (1930) recognized three subgenera of Dolichopus (i.e. Dolichopus s. str., Hygroceleuthus and Macrodolichopus ), and this classification was followed by Negrobov (1991) and Chandler (1998). I consider these subgenera of no taxonomic value as both Hygroceleuthus and Macrodolichopus are based on variable characters of the antenna and clypeus, and Dolichopus s. str. is nothing more than the paraphyletic residue that is left over. Further phylogenetic studies of Dolichopus are required before a meaningful subgeneric classification can be put in place.

As noted above (see “ Dolichopus genus group”), the generic status of Lichtwardia can no longer be maintained, and it is here recognized as a species­group (the Dolichopus ziczac group) within Dolichopus . Grichanov (1998, 2004) revised the Afrotropical species of this group and recognized 16 species, bringing the number of described species in this group to 18 (i.e. including D. hirsuitisetis , from the Oriental Region and D. ziczac from the Oriental and Australasian/Oceanian regions). I have seen an additional nine undescribed species from Sri Lanka, Nigeria, Taiwan and Australia, based on only 24 specimens from the unsorted holdings of the CNC and USNM, suggesting that this species group may be much more diverse than is currently known.

Material Examined. Dolichopus acuminatus Loew , [NE]: 1ɗ ( CNC); Dolichopus acuticornis Wiedemann , [PA]: 2ɗ ( CNC); Dolichopus adaequatus Van Duzee , [NE]: 5ɗ, 1Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus adultus Van Duzee , [NE]: 3ɗ ( CNC); Dolichopus aeratus Va n Duzee, [NE]: 2ɗ, 2Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus alacer Van Duzee , [NE]: 2ɗ, 2Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus albiciliatus Loew , [NE]: 3ɗ, 3Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus albicoxa Aldrich , [NE]: 6ɗ, 4Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus aldrichii (Wheeler) , [NE]: 1ɗ ( CNC); Dolichopus angularis (Macquart) , [AF]: 3ɗ, 2Ψ ( ISNB); 1ɗ ( CAS); Dolichopus annulitarsis Ringdahl , [PA]: 5ɗ, 3Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus atratus Meigen , [PA]: 7ɗ, 3Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus atripes Meigen , [PA]: 2ɗ, 1Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus barbicauda Van Duzee , [NE]: 6ɗ, 4Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus bifractus Loew , [NE]: 6ɗ, 5Ψ ( CNC); 6ɗ, 3Ψ ( USNM); Dolichopus brevimanus Loew , [NE]: 5ɗ, 2Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus brevipennis Meigen , [PA, NE]: 10ɗ, 5Ψ ( CNC); 2ɗ, 2Ψ (LEM); Dolichopus bryanti Van Duzee , [NE]: 3ɗ, 2Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus canadensis Van Duzee , [NE]: 10ɗ, 6Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus canaliculatus Thompson , [NE]: 8ɗ, 5Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus chrysostomus Loew , [NE]: 2ɗ ( CNC); Dolichopus cilifemoratus Macquart , [PA]: 1ɗ ( CNC); Dolichopus coercens Walker , [NE]: 3ɗ, 3Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus comatus Loew , [NE]: 2ɗ, 2Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus compactus Va n Duzee, [NE]: 2ɗ, 2Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus completus Van Duzee , [NE]: 1ɗ, 1Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus consanguineus (Wheeler) , [NE]: 2ɗ, 2Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus conspectus Va n Duzee, [NE]: 2ɗ, 2Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus coquilletti Aldrich , [NE]: 1ɗ, 1Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus correus Steyskal , [NE]: 2ɗ, 1Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus costalis Frey , [PA]: 2ɗ, 1Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus crassicornis Aldrich , [NE]: 1ɗ ( CNC); Dolichopus crenatus (Osten Sacken) , [NE]: 2ɗ, 2Ψ (LEM); 1ɗ, 1Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus cruralis Wahlberg , [PA]: 1ɗ, 1Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus cuprinus Wiedemann , [NE]: 3ɗ, 2Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus czekanovskii Stackelberg , [PA, NE]: 1ɗ, 1Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus dakotensis Aldrich , [NE]: 2ɗ, 2Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus dasyops Malloch , [NE, PA]: 2ɗ, 2Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus dasypodus Coquillett , [NE]: 2ɗ, 2Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus detersus Loew , [NE]: 2ɗ, 2Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus diadema Haliday , [PA]: 2ɗ, 1Ψ (LEM); 1ɗ, 1Ψ ( BMNH); Dolichopus diversipennis Curran , [NE]: 2ɗ ( CNC); Dolichopus dorsalis Van Duzee , [NE, NT?]: 1ɗ, 1Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus dorycerus Loew , [NE]: 2ɗ, 2Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus efflatouni Parent , [PA]: 2ɗ, 1Ψ ( USNM); Dolichopus enigma Melander and Brues , [NE]: 3ɗ, 2Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus eudactylus Loew , [NE]: 2ɗ ( CNC); Dolichopus exsul Aldrich , [AU, OR]: 3ɗ, 2Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus finitus Walker , [NE]: 25ɗ, 3Ψ (LEM); Dolichopus flagellitenens Wheeler , [NE]: 2ɗ, 2Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus flavicoxa Van Duzee , [NE]: 1ɗ, 1Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus flavilacertus Van Duzee , [NE]: 2ɗ, 2Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus flavipes Stannius , [PA, NE]: 1ɗ ( CNC); Dolichopus formosus Van Duzee , [NE]: 1ɗ, 1Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus fortis Aldrich , [NE]: 2ɗ ( CNC); Dolichopus fractinervis (Parent) , [AF]: 3ɗ, 1Ψ ( ISNB); Dolichopus fraterculus Zetterstedt , [PA]: 3ɗ, 2Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus fulvipes Loew , [NE]: 2ɗ, 2Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus fumosus Van Duzee , [NE]: 1ɗ ( CNC); Dolichopus funditor Loew , [NE]: 2ɗ ( CNC); Dolichopus genualis Van Duzee , [NE]: 3ɗ, 2Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus gladius Van Duzee , [NE]: 2ɗ, 2Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus gratiolus Steyskal , [NE]: 1ɗ ( CNC); Dolichopus gratus Loew , [NE]: 2ɗ, 2Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus groenlandicus Zetterstedt , [NE]: 2ɗ, 2Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus harbecki Van Duzee , [NE]: 2ɗ, 2Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus humilus Van Duzee , [NE]: 3ɗ, 2Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus incisuralis Loew , [NE]: 3ɗ, 2Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus incongruus Wheeler , [NE]: 1ɗ ( CNC); Dolichopus indigenus Va n Duzee, [NE]: 2ɗ, 2Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus ivanovi Stackelberg , [PA, NE]: 3ɗ, 2Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus johnsoni Aldrich , [NE]: 1ɗ ( CNC); Dolichopus laciniatus Coquillett , [NE]: 2ɗ, 2Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus laticornis Loew , [NE]: 3ɗ, 2Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus latilimbatus Macquart , [PA]: 2ɗ, 1Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus latipennis Fallén , [PA, NE]: 5ɗ, 4Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus latipes (Loew) , [NE]: 2ɗ, 2Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus lepidus Staeger , [PA]: 3ɗ, 1Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus linearis Meigen , [PA]: 1ɗ ( CNC); Dolichopus lobatus Loew , [NE]: 2ɗ, 2Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus longicornis Stannius , [PA]: 2ɗ, 1Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus longimanus Loew , [NE]: 2ɗ, 2Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus myosotus Osten Sacken , [NE]: 4ɗ, 4Ψ ( USNM); Dolichopus nubilus Meigen , [PA]: 3ɗ, 1Ψ (LEM); Dolichopus plumipes (Scopoli) , [PA, NE]: 12ɗ, 7Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus popularis Wiedemann , [PA]: 4ɗ, 2Ψ (LEM); Dolichopus remipes Wahlberg , [PA, NE]: 3ɗ, 1Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus setifer Loew , [NE]: 5ɗ (LEM); Dolichopus stenhammari Zetterstedt , [PA, NE]: 6ɗ, 5Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus ungulatus (Linnaeus) , [PA]: 6ɗ, 8Ψ ( CNC); Dolichopus ziczac Wiedemann , [OR]: Ψ holotype ( ZMUC); Dolichopus sp. 1, [OR, Sri Lanka]: 1ɗ ( USNM); Dolichopus sp. 2, [OR, Sri Lanka]: 1ɗ ( USNM); Dolichopus sp. 3, [AF, Nigeria]: 7ɗ ( CNC); Dolichopus sp. 4, [AF, Nigeria]: 1ɗ ( CNC); Dolichopus sp. 5, [AF, Nigeria]: 1ɗ ( CNC); Dolichopus sp. 6, [AU, Australia]: 1ɗ ( CNC); Dolichopus sp. 7, [AU, Australia]: 1ɗ ( CNC); Dolichopus sp. 8, [OR, Taiwan]: 1ɗ ( BMNH); Dolichopus sp. 9, [AU, Australia]: 5ɗ, 5Ψ ( CNC).

Figures

FIGURE 9. Dolichopus ungulatus and D. diadema: (A) D. ungulatus, male genitalia, left lateral view (external); (B) D. ungulatus, male genitalia, left lateral view (internal); (C) D. diadema, male genitalia, sperm pump and ejaculatory apodeme, dorsal view; (D) D. ungulatus, male genitalia, ventral view (postgonite, surstylus and cerci not shown); (E) D. ungulatus, female genitalia, dorsal view; (F) D. ungulatus, female genitalia, left lateral view.

FIGURE 10. Dolichopus angularis and Dolichopus sp. 9: (A) D. angularis, male genitalia, left lateral view (external); (B) D. angularis, male genitalia, left lateral view (internal); (C) D. angularis, male genitalia, sperm pump and ejaculatory apodeme, dorsal view; (D) D. angularis, male genitalia, ventral view (postgonite, surstylus and cerci not shown); (E) Dolichopus sp. 9, female genitalia, dorsal view; (F) Dolichopus sp. 9, female genitalia, left lateral view.