Trichotichnus (s. str.) cyrtops ( Tschitschérine, 1906 )

Kataev, Boris M., Hongbin, Liang & Wrase, David W., 2022, New data on carabid beetles of Trichotichnus s. str. (Coleoptera: Carabidae) of Yunnan (China) and adjacent areas, with description of six new species and two new subspecies, Zootaxa 5159 (3), pp. 301-353 : 319-324

Trichotichnus (s. str.) cyrtops ( Tschitschérine, 1906)

( Figs. 35 , 38 , 40–43 & 46 )

Asmerinx cyrtops Tschitschérine, 1906: 282 .

Trichotichnus (s. str.) baehri Ito, 1997: 45 .

Type material examined. Holotype of T. cyrtops : male, “Dol. r. Tunk-go-kho, 25.VII.93, Potanin” [in Cyrillic], “ A. cyrtops m., typ., Tschitscherin det.”, “ Trichotichnus (s. str.) cyrtops Tschitsch. 74 Lafer det.” ( ZIN).

Additional material examined. China. SICHUAN: 3 males, 1 female, W Sichuan, (Aba Tibet. Aut. Pref. , Wenchuan Co.), Qionglai Shan , Wolong valley , 20 km WNW Dujiangyan, 1100 m, 31°05'N 103°26'E, brook bank, 14.VII.1999, D.W. Wrase leg. (cWR, ZIN) ; 1 male, Wolong Nature Reserve , 700–1700 m, 16–24.V.1994, S. Kurbatov leg. ( ZIN) ; 1 male, 3 females, N Sichuan, NW Dujiangyan , 31°10'08"N 103°28'55"E, 1078 m, 11.VII.2005, I Belousov, I. Kabak leg. ( ZIN, cB&K) ; 1 female, N Sichuan, NW Dujiangyan , 3 km WSW Shapingguan, 31°10'50"N 103°28'01"E, 1490 m, 12.VII.2005, I. Belousov, I. Kabak leg. ( ZIN) ; 3 males, 3 females, N Sichuan, Xiao Zhaizi National Nature Reserve, 9 km NEE Qingpianxiang, Zhenghecun , 1350–1850 m, 32°03'27''N 103°59'37''E, 23– 26.VI.2017, P. Kabátek, O. Konvička & P. Viktora leg. (cWR) ; 1 female, 50 km NW of Chengdu, Guan Xian , 21–25.VI.1992, J. Turna leg. (cSC) ; 1 female, 70 km W Chengdu, Qingcheng Hou Shan Mts , 1500 m, 1–7.V.2005, S. & V. Murzin leg. ( ZIN) ; 2 males, 3 females, same data but 31.V.–7.VI.2005 ( ZIN) ; 3 females, same data but 8–14.VI.2005 ( ZIN) ; 1 female, same data but 15–20.VI.2005 ( ZIN) ; 1 female, Kangding, Shelian, Shelian Vill. , 30.18080°N 102.17909°E, 1512 m, 21.V.2009, Zhou Yulingzi leg. ( IOZ) ; 4 males, 6 females, Moxi env., Hailuogou Valley, near Cableway Station , 3050 m, 29°34′04′′N 101°59′05′′E, mixed forest with Abies, Betula, Rhododendron, broadleaved trees, 17–21.VI.2014, J. Hájek, J. Růžička & M. Tkoč leg. ( NMP, cWR, ZIN); 1 m , 1 female, Moxi env., Hailuogou Valley, Gonghe Vill. , 1715 m, 29°27′04′′N 102°06′28′′E, at light in front of hotel close to margin of mixed forest, 17–21.VI.2014, J. Hájek, J. Růžička & M. Tkoč leg. (cWR, ZIN) ; 1 female, Moxi-Luding Co , 18.VII.1994, V. Beneš leg. (cFCCH) ; 4 males, env. Moxi , ca 1600 m, 10.VI.1995, W. Heinz leg. ( SMNS) ; 1 male, W Ningnan Xian , 3.3 km WSW Xiaotiancun Village, 27°02′13′′N 102°37′18′′E, 1540 m, 27.VI.2018, I. Belousov & I. Kabak leg. [6_01nt] (cB&K) ; 2 males, 2 females, W Ningnan , 3.15 km WNW Maojia Heba, 27°02′34′′N 102°35′52′′E, 2145 m, 28.VI.2018, I. Belousov & I. Kabak leg. [6_02nt] (cB&K, ZIN) . YUNNAN: 1 female, Nujiang Lisu Aut. Pref. , creek valley 3 km SE Gongshan, 27°43′02′′N 98°41′27′′E, 1450–1500 m, litter/moss, sifted [20], 5.VI.2007 D.W. Wrase leg. ; 1 female, Gongshan, Bingzhongluo, Niwaluo , under rocks, tree, 28.03287°N 98.56995°E, 1862 n, 15.VIII.2006, Liu Ye, Hu Peng leg. ( IOZ) ; 1 male, 1 female, Gongshan Co., Bingzhongluo township, 34 km N of Gongshan, at junction of Shuangla He and Nu Jiang , 1550 m, 27.96918°N 98.66198°E, 9.X.2002, Stop #DHK-2002-042, D. Kavanaugh, H.B. Liang, W.D. Ba leg. ( CAS) ; 1 male, Gongshan Co., Cikai Township, 0.35 km N of Gongshan, along Pula He , 1530 m, 27.74843°N 98.66498°E, 21–22.IX.2002, Stop #DHK-2002-024, D. Kavanaugh, P. Marek leg. ( IOZ) ; 1 female, Gongshan Co., Cikai town , along street, 27°44'43"N 98°39'53"E, 1500 m, 14.IV.2004, H.B. Liang, W. Ba leg. ( IOZ) ; 2 males, Gongshan, Cikai Town, Pulahe at Heiwadi , 27.79291°N 98.59045°E, 1980 m, 14.XI.2004, D. Kavanaugh leg. ( CAS) ; 1 male, Gongshan, Cikai Town, Dashaba , along Nujiang , 27.73268°N 98.67099°E, 1435 m, 10.XI.2004, H.B. Liang leg. ( IOZ) ; 1 male, Gongshan, Cikai town, Cikai Bridge , 27.72403°N 98.68314°E, 1450 m, 23.X.2004, V.F. Lee leg. ( CAS) ; 2 males, Gongshan, Yeniugu , along road, 27°43'3"N 98°44'14"E, 2020 m, 16.IV.2002, H.B. Liang, W. Ba leg. ( IOZ) ; 1 female, Gongshan, Maxidang , along road, 27°52'41"N 98°39'15"E, 1550 m, 19.IV.2002, H.B. Liang, W. Ba, G. Yang, X.Q. Li leg. ( IOZ) ; 1 male, Gongshan, Dulongjiang , 0.6 km N Dizhengdang, 28.08442°N 98.32652°E, 1880 m, 29.X.2004, D. Kavanaugh leg. ( CAS) ; 1 male, same data but 30.X.2004, night, D. Kavanaugh, D.Z. Dong leg. ( CAS) ; 2 males, Gongshan, Dulongjiang , 0.5 km N of Kongdang, 27.88111°N 98.34062°E, 1500 m, 7.XI.2004, D. Kavanaugh leg. ( CAS) ; 2 males, Gongshan, Dulongjiang, Kongdang , light trap, 27.87755°N 98.33612°E, 1511 m, 27.VIII.2006, night, Liu Ye leg. ( IOZ) ; 2 females, Gongshan, Dulongjiang, Maku Village , roadside, 27.68533°N 98.30425°E, 1823 m, 1.XI.2004, H.B. Liang leg. ( IOZ) ; 3 males, 5 females, Gongshan, Dulongjiang, Maku , road, light trap, 27.68545°N 98.30419°E, 1814 m, 28–29.VIII.2006, night, Liu Ye leg. ( IOZ) ; 1 male, 2 females, same data but 31.VIII.2006 ( CAS) ; 4 females, same data but headlamp, 30.VIII.2006 ( CAS) ; 1 female, Gongshan, Dulongjiang, Maku , headlamp, 27.68498°N 98.30299°E, 1814 m, 28.VIII.2006, D. Kavanaugh leg. ( CAS) ; 1 male, Gongshan, Dulongjiang , 0.5 km WSW Maku, trail, 27.68310°N 98.30038°E, 1845 m, 29.VIII.2006, D. Kavanaugh leg. ( CAS) ; 1 male, Gongshan, Dulongjiang , 0.5 km WSW Maku, trail, 27.68310°N 98.30038°E, 1845 m, 30.VIII.2006, D. Kavanaugh, J.A. Miller leg. ( CAS) ; 2 females, Gongshan, Cikai , 0.3 km WSW Maku, 27.68310°N 98.30038°E, 1845 m, 1.IX.2006, D. Kavanaugh leg. ( CAS) ; 2 females, Gongshan, Dulongjiang, Maku village , light trap, 27.68545°N 98.30419°E, 1814 m, 3.IX.2006, Liu Ye leg. ( IOZ) ; 1 female, Gongshan, Dulongjiang, Bapo , along roadside, 27.73902°N 98.34975°E, 1412 m, 3.XI.2004, H.B. Liang leg. ( IOZ) ; 1 male, Gongshan, Dulongjiang, Miliwang , above Bapo , 27.72383°N 98.36117°E, 1956 m, 31.X.2004, H.B. Liang leg. ( IOZ) ; 1 male, Gaoligong Shan, Nujiang Pref. , Gongshan County, Gongshan , 1500 m, 27.74064°N 98.66557°E, 28.VI.2000, Stop #00-14, D. Kavanaugh, H.B. Liang leg. ( CAS) ; 1 male, Gaoligong Shan, Nujiang Pref., Nujiang State Nature Reserve , Qiqi area , 9.9 air km W of Gongshan, 27.71819°N 98.56923°E, 2000 m, 9–14.VII.2000, Stop #00-22 B, D. Kavanaugh, C.E. Griswold, H.B. Liang, D. Ubick, D.Z. Dong leg. ( CAS) ; 13 males, 11 females, Diqing Tibet. Aut. Pref. , Zhongdian Co., small cleft W Yangtze Kiang , 33 km WNW Zhongdian, 27°56.75'N 99°24.42'E, 2220–2300 m [04], creek bank, under gravel, in soil, 4.VI.2005, D.W. Wrase leg. (cJS, cWR, ZIN) ; 1 male, Fugong, Pihe, at junction of Nujiang River , 26.53177°N 98.89753°E, 1060 m, 20.IV.2004, D. Kavanaugh, C. Griswold leg. ( CAS) ; 1 female, Fugong Co., Lishadi town, Lamadi vill., roadside, 27.27104°N 98.87077°E, 1296 m, 12.V.2004, H.B. Liang leg. ( CAS) ; 1 male, Fugong, Lumadeng, Yaping Vill. , roadside, 27.12817°N 98.85977°E, 1500 m, 11.VIII.2005, D.Z. Dong leg. ( CAS) ; 2 males, 2 females, Fugong Co., Maji Town, Majimi Village , riverside, 27.39630°N 98.81701°E, 1567 m, 28.IV.2004, H.B. Liang ( IOZ, ZIN) ; 1 female, Lushui, Liuku Town, Laowo He , riverside, 25.88207°N 98.99156°E, 1280 m, 18.XI.2004, D. Kavanaugh, D.Z. Dong leg. ( CAS) ; 1 male, Lushui Co., Luzhang, Langbazhai , Lusaihe , 25.96567°N 98.77091°E, 1820 m, 20.V.2005, D.Z. Dong leg. ( CAS) ; 1 male, Lushui Co., Pianma, Changyanhe , riverside, 25.99414°N 98.66336°E, 2454 m, 14.V.2005, H.B. Liang leg. ( IOZ) ; 1 female, Tengchong Co., Dahaoping, 43 km from Bawan on Tengchong Road , 2410 m, 24.95361°N 98.73333°E, 14.X.2003, under rocks, D.Z. Dong leg. ( IOZ) ; 4 males, Tengchong, Tengyue, Laifengshan , headlamp, 25.01734°N 98.47719°E, 1920 m, 1.VI.2006, D. Kavanaugh leg. ( IOZ, CAS) ; 2 males, 3 females, Baoshan Co., Gaoligong Mt. R., Nankang Pass , 24.82647°N 98.76787°E, 2100–2200 m, along road, 4.X.2012, B. Kataev leg. ( ZIN) ; 2 females, Mt. NW Mengku Town , 23°40'29"N 99°46'53"E, 2720 m, 26.V.2010, I. Belousov & I. Kabak leg. (cB&K) ; 1 female, Xishuangbanna, 27 km NW of Jinghong, vic. Beng Gang Ha Ni , 22°08.74'N 100°35.50'E, 1800–2000 m, KL/HF, 29.V.2008, A. Weigel leg. ( NME) ; 1 female, Jinping, Fenshuiling N.R., Highway Pass , 2060 m, 22°51'41.0"N 103°13'56.0"E, 17.XII.2003, B. Kataev leg. [8] ( ZIN) ; 1 female, Jingdong , 1200 m, 6.III.1957, A. Monchadskij leg. ( ZIN) .

Laos. OUDOMXAI: 1 male, 1 female, Namo , 1–6.VII.2004, Li Jingke leg. (cMRR) . HUAPHANH: 1 female, Ban Satuei env., 1500 m, 30 km S of Xam Neua, 20°13′39′′N 103°59′33′′E, Phou Phan Mt. , 16–17.V.2004, P. Kresl leg. (cBUL) .

Vietnam. LAO CAI: 1 female, 6 km W of Sa Pa, N slope of Phansipan Mt. Area, 2000–2100 m, near Tram don (base of Hoang Lien Nat. Park ), 22°21′N 103°46′E, V.2005, A.V. Abramov leg. ( Exp. of Russia-Vietnam Tropical Centre ) ( ZIN) ; 2 males, 1 female, same data but V.2008. A. Abramov leg. ( ZIN) ; 1 male, pass 8 km NW Sa Pa , 22°01′13′′N 103°46′01′′E, 2030 m, forest margin, 9.VIII.2013, V. Assing [10+2] ( MFNB) ; 3 males, 40 km WNW of Lao Cai, env. Y Ty, Bat Hat Natn. Park , 1600–1900 m, 22°37′–37.6′N 103°37.3′–38.3′E, 16–21.X.2018, D. Fedorenko leg. ( SIEE) ; 2 males, same data but 1850 m, 22°37′36′′N 103°37′32′′E, at light, 4–14.VI.2019 ( SIEE) ; 11 males, 1 female, Sa Pa env., cca 1650 m, 22°19.52′N 103°50.35′E, 23–27.V.1999, Ahrens leg. (cJS, ZIN) ; 1 female, Hoang Lien NP, Tram Ton , 22°21.197′N 103°46.513′E, 1950 m, LFF, 15.V.2015, F. Creuzburg leg. ( NME) ; 1 female, Hoang Lien NP, Ban Khoang , 22°22.78′N 103°47.64′E, 2000 m, 15.V.2015, A. Weigel leg. ( NME) . VINH PHUC: 1 male, Tam Dao , 900 m, 16.–23.V.1991, J. Strnad leg. (cWR) . NGHE AN: 2 females, Que Phong Distr., Pu Hoat NP, 840 m, 19°45′19′′N 104°47′47′′E, at light, 15–27.V.2019, D. Fedorenko leg. ( SIEE) . KON TUM: 1 female, Central Highlands, 2–3 km W of Ngoc Linh Mt., 1700–2000 m, 15°05′N 107°57′E, 20.III.–8.IV.2006 A.V. Abramov leg. ( Exp. of Russia-Vietnam Tropical Centre ) ( ZIN) . LAM DONG: 1 male, 30 km N Dalat, env. Long Lanh , 1500 m, 15.IV.2007, P. Oudovichenko leg. ( MPU) ; 2 male, Bi Doup-Nui Ba [Nature] Reserve, env. Long Lanh , 12°10′44′′N 108°40′44′′E, 1400–1600 m, 27–28.III.2008, D. Fedorenko leg. ( SIEE, ZIN) ; 1 male, 2 females, same data but 29–30.III.2008 ( SIEE, ZIN) ; 2 males, same data but 9–11.IV.2008 ( SIEE) ; 2 males, same data but 17–18.IV.2008 ( SIEE) ; 1 male, 1 female, Lac Duong Distr., 5 km NE of Long Lanh Vill., Bi Doup-Nui Ba Nature Reserve , 12°10′44′′N 108°40′44′′E, 1400 m, IV.2008, A.V. Abramov leg. ( ZIN) .

Thailand. CHIANG MAI: 1 female, Angkhang , 19°54.157‘N 99°02.486‘E, 19–20.X.2007, U. Scheidt leg. ( NME) .

Re-description (5 males and 5 females measured). Body length 7.7–9.2 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 35 .

Body dorsally dark brown to almost black, shiny, slightly iridescent on elytra; ventral side blackish brown; mandibles basally, labrum, apical margin of clypeus, narrow margins of pronotum reddish or yellowish brown; palpi, antennae and legs brownish yellow to light brown; femora not darker than tibiae.

Head with large and convex eyes (HWmax/PWmax 0.67–0.71, HWmin/PWmax 0.52–0.56, HWmax/HWmin 1.24–1.33). Genae very narrow, narrower than or about as wide as antennomere 2 basally. Fronto-ocular furrows fine, deepened at clypeus, reaching supraorbital furrows. Supraorbital setigerous pores small, situated at level of posterior margin of eye and removed from supraorbital furrows by distance approximately equal to width of antennomere 1. Labrum slightly concave anteriorly. Left mandible sharply bent in the apical quarter, blunted or subtruncate at tip. Mentum and submentum not fused. Ligular sclerite markedly widened apically. Paraglossae short and narrow, not projecting anteriorly beyond ligular sclerite. Dorsal microsculpture highly obliterated, consisting of indistinct, more or less isodiametric meshes. Antennae slender, surpassing pronotal basal edge by two apical antennomeres, with antennomeres 4–8 about 2.0–2.5 times as long as wide. Basal antennomere very slightly longer than antennomere 3.

Pronotum relatively small, transverse (PWmax/PL 1.46, 1.51–1.59), widest slightly before the middle (PWmax/ PWmin 1.15–1.22), more strongly narrowed apically than basally, with base slightly longer than apex and with sides in most specimens rounded along entire length, more widely in basal half than in apical half; occasionally, almost straight basally. Apical margin moderately emarginate, basal margin almost straight or slightly convex medially and scarcely oblique laterally, both completely bordered. Lateral bead complete, narrow. Basal angle obtusangular, sharp at apex, without denticle at tip. Disc moderately convex; lateral depressions very narrow in apical third, moderately widened from lateral setae posteriorly, either reaching basal margin or fused basally with basal foveae forming on each side wide laterobasal depression; punctation fine and dense, restricted mainly to lateral and laterobasal depressions, more sparse punctures also present in narrow medio-basal area and occasionally at apical margin. Microsculpture very fine, consisting of obliterated transverse meshes.

Elytra convex, elongate (EL/EW 1.48–1.56, EL/PL 2.90–3.14, EW/PWmax 1.26–1.32), widest in the apical third, with sides slightly concave or almost straightly diverging before the middle; humeri rounded, with a tiny denticle recognizable in caudal view; preapical sinuation moderately deep ( Fig. 38 ); sutural angle acutangular, blunted at tip. Internal humeral angle very obtuse. Striae slightly impressed along entire length. Intervals weakly convex on disc and moderately convex apically. Parascutellar (abbreviate) striole long, with a setigerous pore at base. Interval 3 with a small discal setigerous pore adjacent to stria 2 in the apical third. Marginal umbilicate series more or less continuous or narrowly interrupted at the middle. Microsculpture consisting of highly obliterated, somewhat indistinct transverse lines.

Wings fully developed.

Prosternum with very fine short setae. Metepisternum much longer than wide, strongly narrowed posteriorly.

Legs relatively short. Metacoxa without additional setae. Metafemur ventrally with two setae at posterior margin and without setae at anterior margin. Protibia on dorsal side without longitudinal sulcus, on outer margin preapically with one stouter and two very thin spines in male and with three comparatively stout, similar sized spines in female. Tarsi glabrous dorsally, pro- and mesotarsomeres 1–4 in both sexes with comparatively sparse moderately long ventro-lateral setae. Metatarsus slender, slightly shorter than HWmax, with tarsomeres narrow, weakly widened posteriorly and with tarsomere 1 almost as long as tarsomeres 2 and 3 combined. In male, pro- and mesotarsomeres 2–4 dilated and with adhesive vestiture ventrally (mesotarsomere 1 narrow, only with a pair of adhesive scales apically); protarsomeres 2 and 3 about as long as wide; mesotarsomeres 2 and 3 slightly longer than wide; in both sexes mesotarsomere 1 almost as long as mesotarsomeres 2 and 3 combined.

Apex of last visible abdominal sternite ( VII) in male subtruncate or faintly concave, with one pair of marginal setae, in female rounded and with two pairs of marginal setae.

Median lobe of aedeagus ( Figs. 40 & 41 ) in lateral view almost straight in basal two-thirds and slightly curved ventrally in apical third, in dorsal view slightly sinuate, with apical portion curved to the right; its ventral side edged laterally in apical part and depressed between margins; terminal lamella in dorsal view wide and long, concave, rounded at apex, in lateral view thin, slightly bent ventrally just at apex. Apical orifice in dorsal position, wide apically. Internal sac with spiny formations and a small spine in apical portion of median lobe.

Female genitalia ( Figs. 42 & 43 ): gonocoxite narrow in ventral view and comparatively long, about 0.8 times as long as gonosubcoxite, with narrow base.

Comparison. This species is recognized by having the following combination of distinctive characters: appendages brownish yellow to light brown, pronotum with rounded sides and distinct obtuse basal angles without denticle at tip, elytra with rather deep preapical sinuation, protibia not sulcate on dorsal side, last visible abdominal sternite of male with one pair of marginal setae and median lobe of aedeagus almost straight in lateral view, with long and wide terminal lamella. In these characters and other features, T. cyrtops is very similar to T. emarginatus Andrewes, 1930 which differs in slightly smaller (length 6.6–8.2 mm) and flatter body and in the median lobe of the aedeagus ( Figs. 44 & 45 ) more strongly curved apically in lateral view and more strongly sinuate in dorsal view ( Kataev & Schmidt 2018). These two species are undoubtedly closely related and represent a sister pair; in the peculiar shape of the aedeagus, they are markedly separated from other species of the genus.

Distribution ( Fig. 46 ). Widely distributed in South West China (Sichuan and Yunnan) and Indochina ( Laos, Vietnam and Thailand) at altitudes of about 900–3000 m. It is replaced in the Himalayan region by the allopatric T. emarginatus which occurs there almost throughout from northeasternmost India through Nepal to northwestenmost India ( Kataev & Schmidt 2018).

Remarks. Trichotichnus cyrtops was described on the basis of one male from Sichuan (type locality: “Tunkgo-kho Valley”; = Dadu He Valley, near Danba/Rongzhag), whereas T. baehri from the series collected in Thailand (type locality: Doi Inthanon, Chiang Mai Province). In the original description ( Ito 1997), T. baehri was compared only with T. noctuabundus Habu, 1954 and T. ishiharai Ito, 1994 , but since its characteristics, including of male genitalia, completely match those of T. cyrtops , it was treated as conspecific with the latter species ( Kataev & Wrase 2017a: 18).

Figures

FIGURE 46. Trichotichnus cyrtops (Tschitschérine, 1906), distribution (localities from the Vietnamese Province of Lam Dong are not indicated).

FIGURES 35–37. Trichotichnus spp., habitus. 35, T. cyrtops (Tschitschérine, 1906) (Yunnan); 36, T. doiinthanonensis Ito, 1997 (Dulongjiang); 37, T. fedorenkoi sp. n. (Tam Dao). Scale bar = 1.0 mm.

FIGURES 38–39. Trichotichnus spp., elytral apex. 38, T. cyrtops (Tschitschérine, 1906); 39, T. schmidti sp. n. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 40–45. Trichotichnus spp.: 40–43, T. cyrtops (Tschitschérine, 1906) (holotype and female from Sichuan); 44, 45, T. emarginatus Andrewes, 1930 (Nepal). 40, 41, 44 & 45, median lobe of aedeagus; 42, gonocoxite; 43, laterotergite, gonosubcox- ite, and gonocoxite. Lateral (40, 42 & 44), dorsal (41 & 45) and ventral (43) views. Scale bars: A = 0.5 mm (42 & 43), B = 1.0 mm (40, 41, 44 & 45).