Chrysotoxum hispanicum Nedeljković, Ricarte et Marcos-García, 2020

Nedeljković, Zorica, Ricarte, Antonio, Šašić Zorić, Ljiljana, Djan, Mihajla, Hayat, Rüstem, Vujić, Ante & Marcos-García, Mª Ángeles, 2020, Integrative taxonomy confirms two new West-Palaearctic species allied with Chrysotoxum vernale Loew, 1841 (Diptera: Syrphidae), Organisms Diversity & Evolution (New York, N. Y.) 20 (4), pp. 821-833 : 826-828

Chrysotoxum hispanicum Nedeljković, Ricarte et Marcos-García , sp. n. ( Figs. 1b, 3a, 5 b-c, 6a-c)

Examined material. Holotype: 1♂, Spain, Sierra Nevada ( GR), first valley [‘Barranco de las Víboras’, above ‘Cabaña Sierra Nevada’], 17 June 2014 [37°07'40”N 3°26'44”W, 1626m] leg. Vujić [FSUNS].

Paratypes: 3♂♂, Andalucía, Sierra de Gador, Barjalí ( AL), [2060 m], 10 June 2003 [36°53'51”N 2°48'04”W], leg. D. Doczkal [S11374, S11375, S11376]; 4♀♀, Andalucía, Sierra de Gador ( AL), Barjalí , 2060m, 10 June 2003 [36°53'51”N 2°48'04”W], leg. D. Doczkal [S11377, S11378, S11379, S11380] [DD]; 1♀, Sierra Nevada ( GR), first valley [‘ Barranco de las Víboras’, above ‘Cabaña Sierra Nevada’], 17 June 2014, 37°07'40”N 3°26'44”W, 1626 m, leg. Vujić (07329) ; 2♀♀, Ski Centre, Sierra Nevada ( GR), 16 June 2014 [37°06'45”N 3°25'10”W], 2191 m, leg. Vujić [MS171, MS172] [FSUNS]; 6♂♂, 2♀♀, Chelva ( V), 9-24 June 1994 (5♂♂, 1♀), 22-27 Mar. 1994 (1♂), 25 April- 9 May 1994 (1♀), leg. Pérez Bañón ; 1♀, Utiel ( V), 9 May 1994, leg. Pérez Bañón ; 1♂, Requena ( V), 7 Sept. 1994, leg. Pérez Bañón ; 1♀, Valverde del Fresno ( CC), 950 m, 19 June 1981, leg. M.A. Marcos García ; 1♂, Puerto El Torno ( CC), 950m, 4 May 1982, leg. M.A. Marcos García ; 1♀, Hoyos ( CC), 19 June 1981, leg. M.A. Marcos García ; 1♀, La Garganta ( CC), 1000m, 27 June 1980, leg. M.A. Marcos García ; 1♀, P.N. de Cabañeros ( CR), Pa 1 [ Valle de Santiago ], 14 May 2004, leg. A. Ricarte ; 1♀, P.N. de Cabañeros ( CR), maJ1 [ Melojar de Viñuelas ], 14 April-8 May 2004, leg. A. Ricarte ; 1♀, La Alberca ( SA), 17 June 1980, leg. M.A. Marcos García ; 1♀, Ledesma ( SA), 26 June 1977, leg. M.A. Marcos García ; 2♀♀, Peñacaballera ( SA), 18 May 1980, leg. M.A. Marcos García ; 1♀, Los Llanos, Bejar ( SA), 30 May 1980, leg. M.A. Marcos García ; 1♀, Monterrubio de la Armuña ( SA), 11 June 1978, leg. M.A. Marcos García ; 1♂, Salamanca , 22 June 1984, leg. P. Calzada ; 1♂, Navasfrías, Monte Mezas ( SA), 19 June 1980, leg. M.A. Marcos García ; 1♀, Negrilla de la Palencia ( SA), 11 June 1978, leg. M.A. Marcos García ; 2♂♂, Puerto Perales , El Payo ( SA), 860 m, 24 May 1980, leg. M.A. Marcos García ; 1♀, Escorial de la Sierra ( SA), 15 May 1980, leg. M.A. Marcos García ; 1♂, Salamanca ( SA), 7 May 1978, leg. M.A. Marcos García ; 1♀, Béjar ( SA), 5 June 1977, leg. M.A. Marcos García ; Puerto de Vallejera ( SA), 26 June 1980, leg. M.A. Marcos García [CEUA]; 1♀, Rinconada de la Sierra ( SA), 17 June 1980, leg. M.A. Marcos García ; 2♀♀, El Cabaco ( SA), 29 June 1980, leg. M.A. Marcos García ; 1♀, Pino de Tormes ( SA), 19 June 1979, leg. M.A. Marcos García ; 1♀, Puerto Magdalena ( LE), 1434 m, 13 June 1986, leg. M.A. Marcos García ; 1♀, Pereda de Ancares ( LE), 12 June 1986, leg. M.A. Marcos García ; 1♀, Geras ( LE), 3 June 1987, leg. M.A. Marcos García ; 1♀, Murias de Paredes ( LE), 13 June 1986, leg. M.A. Marcos García ; 1♀, Valdeteja ( LE), 17 July 1977, leg. M.A. Marcos García.

Additional examined material of other species. Specimens of C. vernale and C. montanum , including types, published in Nedeljković et al. (2015). Spanish specimens morphologically fitting to the concept of C. vernale sensu Nedeljković et al. (2015): 1 ♀, Plan d’ Están, Valle Benasque ( HU), 1850m, 26 July 1983, leg. M.A. Marcos García; 1♂, 1♀, Plan de Sarrá , Valle de Benasque ( HU), 1750m, 26 July 1983, leg. M.A. Marcos García ; 1♂, 1♀, Sotres (S), 5 June 1988, leg. M.A. Marcos García ; 1♂, Villar de Santiago ( LE), 1 June 1988, leg. M.A. Marcos García ; 1♀, Tielve (O), 5 June 1988, leg. M.A. Marcos García ; 1♀, Hervás ( CC), 17 May 1980, leg. M.A. Marcos García [CEUA].

Type locality. Sierra Nevada, Granada ( Spain).

Diagnosis. L = 9–12 mm (n = 6). T2 yellow fascia about a third as wide as the width of the tergum; T3–T5 yellow fasciae about as half as wide as the width of the tergum ( Figs. 5b–c); the long scutellum pile all yellow ( Fig. 3a); gena at least partly yellow; r = 1:0.85:1.68 (n = 12); basoflagellomere 3.16 times longer than wide (n = 12).

Remarks. Abdomen with yellow maculae on terga much wider than those in C. montanum and C. vernale ( Fig. 5d); the longest scutellum pile all yellow (sometimes just 1–2 long black pile present) ( Fig. 3a), unlike C. vernale ( Fig. 3b) and C. montanum which have all or most of the longest scutellum pile black; male genitalia in dorsal view, with surstylus apex more slender ( Fig. 6c) than that in C. vernale ( Fig. 6d).

Description. Male. L = 9 mm.

Head. Eye pile straight and yellow; vertical triangle black, with long, yellow pile (sometimes black pile also present anteriorly), white pollinose only in the posterior part of the triangle; frontal triangle about twice as long as region of eye contiguity, shiny black, with eye margins narrowly white pollinose from eye contiguity to antennae; frontal triangle with black pile anteriorly and mostly yellow pile posteriorly; antenna black, scape and pedicel with black pile, basoflagellomere 3.8 times longer than wide elongate and with rounded apex; arista bare and dark brown; r = 1:0.66:1.43; face yellow pilose, yellow with a medial black vitta extending from the antennal bases to the mouth edge; facial black vitta as wide as a fourth of the facial width; mouth edge wholly but narrowly black; gena yellow, also with yellow pile; occiput white pollinose, with long yellow and black pile intermixed dorsally.

Thorax. Scutum black with two medial, silvery pollinose vittae extending from anterior margin for two thirds of the scutum length; scutum with intermixed long and short, yellow pile anteriorly, and with long, yellow and short, black pile posteriorly; pleuron shiny black except with yellow maculae on posterior anepisternum and katatergum; scutellum yellow, except for black lateral corners and a small medial macula, with long yellow pile ( Fig. 3a); legs mainly yellow except for the black basal thirds of pro- and mesofemora; metafemora entirely yellow; wing membrane extensively microtrichose; wing cell R 1 brown pigmented apically; cell R 2+3 brown pigmented anteriorly; calypter yellow, with yellow pile at edge; halter yellow, with pedicel darker than capitulum.

Abdomen ( Fig. 5b). Shiny black, with short black pile, except for the yellow pile on T1, anterior part of T2 and lateral parts of T3–T5; all terga with a yellow fascia interrupted in the middle; T2 yellow fascia as wide as a third of the tergum width; each T3–T5 yellow fasciae nearly as wide as half of the tergum width; yellow fasciae on terga with yellow pile; posterior margin of T2 black; posterior margin of T3 with a medial, narrow, yellow macula; posterior margin of T4 with a narrow, yellow fascia; T5 with a semicircular macula on the posterior margin; all sterna shiny black, S1 and anterior part of S2 with long yellow pile; posterior part of S2 and S3–S5 with adpressed black pile; S3 with two interconnected, yellow maculae not reaching the lateral margins; S4 with two yellow maculae not reaching the lateral margins. Genitalia as in Figs. 6a–c.

Female ( Fig. 5c). Same as the male except for the frons having two separate triangular pollinose maculae on eye margins ( Fig. 1b) and the scutum bearing short black pile.

Etymology. The specific epithet ‘hispanicum’ derives from Hispania, the Latin name for Spain, referring to the type locality of this species. Hispania was a Roman Empire province that also included the current Portugal.

Distribution. Only confirmed from Spain, where it is apparently widespread (provinces: AL, CC, CR, GR, LE, SA, V). It is found mainly in highlands, at altitudes from 500 to 2190 m asl.

Habitats. This species is found in a broad range of habitats, including mixed woodlands of Quercus faginea , Q. pyrenaica and F. angustifolia, and woodlands of Q. pyrenaica , both with temporary brooks and small grassy clearings (Cabañeros national park); ‘dehesas’ of Q. rotundifolia ; croplands next to oak forests ( Q. rotundifolia ). The holotype was collected in a meadow with a stream in the forests of ‘Barranco de las Víboras’, Sierra Nevada.