Trochocyathus mitratus ( Goldfuss, 1826 )

Baron-Szabo, Rosemarie C., 2008, Dendrophylliina, Caryophylliina, Fungiina, Microsolenina, and Stylinina, Zootaxa 1952, pp. 1-244 : 57-59

Trochocyathus mitratus ( Goldfuss, 1826)

Pl. 5, figs 1–4b

v*1826 Turbinolia mitrata nobis: Goldfuss , pl. 15, figs 5a–c.

1880 Trochocyathus corbicula, Duncan : Duncan, p. 27, pl. 7, figs 12–14.

v1900 Trochocyathus clarkeanus (Vaughan) : Vaughan, p. 100, pl. 7, figs 20–23 (paratypes studied).

1901 Trochocyathus clarkeanus Vaughan : Clarke & Martin, p. 81.

v1903 a Trochocyathus microphyes: Felix , p. 354, pl. 18, figs 9, 10 (topotypes studied).

1914 Trochocyathus Konincki E. H. 1848 : Felix, pars 7, p. 208.

1914 Trochocyathus microphyes Felix 1903 : Felix, pars 7, p. 209.

?1916 Trochocyathus imperialis , n. sp.: Nomland, p. 63, pl. 4, figs 11–12.

v1920 Trochocyathus dakotaensis Vaughan , n. sp.: Vaughan, p. 61, pl. 10, figs 1–1b.

v1920 Trochocyathus ? neumani Vaughan, n. sp.: Vaughan, p. 62, pl. 10, figs 2–2c.

1925 Trochocyathus Clarkeanus Vaughan 1895 : Felix, pars 28, p. 196.

1925 Trochocyathus imperialis Nomland 1916 : Felix, pars 28, p. 199.

v1930 a Trochocyathus micraphye Felix : Oppenheim, p. 548 (topotypes studied).

pars v1933 Trochocyathus gardnerae n. sp.: Wells, p. 135ff. (217ff.), non pl. 14, non figs 8–10.

v1934 Trochocyathus Matleyi , new species: Wells, p. 74, pl. 2, figs 5–6.

(v)1938 Trochocyathus haunsbergensis n. sp.: Traub, p. 36, pl. 1, figs 2a, b.

?1951b Asterosmilia sakalavensis nov. sp. (Alloiteau): Alloiteau, p. 82, pl. 13, figs 7–8.

v1958 Protrochocyathus septempartitus nov. sp.: Alloiteau, 189, pl. 31, figs 9–11.

1967 Trochocyathus(Protrochocyathus) haunsbergensis Traub : Kühn & Traub, p. 12, pl. 1, figs 5, 6, pl. 2, (v)1975 Paracyathus kangpaensis (sp. nov.): Wu, p. 109, pl. 7, figs 6–9, pl. 9, figs 7–8, pl. 10, fig. 2.

?(v)1975 Cyathoceras ellipticus (sp. nov.): Wu, p. 109, pl. 9, fig. 9.

(v)1975 Notocyathus morozi Kuzmicheva , sp. nov.: Kuzmicheva, p. 22, pl. 2, figs 5a–6.

(v)1987 Notocyathus morozi Kuzmicheva , sp. nov.: Kuzmicheva, p. 139, pl. 24, figs 9a–b.

1993 Paracyathus kangpaensis Wu : Liao & Xia, p. 209, fig. 3.8.

1994 Paracyathus kangpaensis Wu : Liao & Xia, p. 186, pl. 55, figs 4–9.

2000 Paracyathus kangpaensis, Wu 1975 : Löser, p. 58.

2000 Protrochocyathus septempartitus, Alloiteau 1958 : Löser, p. 68.

2000 Sakalavicyathus microphyes (Felix 1903) : Löser, p. 72.

2000 Trochocyathus konincki, Milne Edwards & Haime 1848 : Löser, p. 82.

2000 Trochocyathus matleyi, Wells 1934 : Löser, p. 82.

v2000 Trochocyathus microphyes Felix, 1903 : Baron-Szabo, p. 126, pl. 10, figs 5, 7, pl. 12, fig. 3.

2001 Paracyathus kangpaensis Wu 1975 : Löser & Liao, p. 666.

2002 Trochocyathus kangpaensis ( Wu, 1975) : Baron-Szabo, p. 158.

2002 Trochocyathus konincki Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 : Baron-Szabo, p. 158.

2002 Trochocyathus matleyi Wells, 1934 : Baron-Szabo, p. 158.

2002 Trochocyathus mitratus ( Goldfuss, 1826) : Löser, p. 688 (older synonyms cited therein).

v2002 Trochocyathus mitratus ( Goldfuss, 1826) : Baron-Szabo, p. 158, pl. 118, figs 1, 2.

v2002 Trochocyathus microphyes Felix, 1903 : Baron-Szabo, p. 158, pl. 118, figs 3, 6, 9–10.

2002 Trochocyathus septempartitus (Alloiteau, 1958) : Baron-Szabo, p. 158.

Dimensions. d (max)= 9–41 mm; d (min)= 8–30 mm; s=50, up to around 200 (12s1+12s2+24s3+48s4+96s5+s6, in adult stages); h= 25–65 mm; d (min)/d (max)=0.5–0.9; d (juvenile stages)=3.5– 8 mm; s (juvenile stages)=up to 48 (6s1+6s2+12s3+24s4).

Description. Turbinate, trochoid, or ceratoid corallum; corallite slightly elliptical or compressed in adult stages, circular to slightly elliptical in juvenile stages; costosepta compact, thin or moderate, nearly equal in juvenile stages, arranged in 5 complete with the beginning of a sixth cycle in 12 systems in adult stages; septal development of 4 complete cycles in 6 systems present in juvenile corallites of around 5–6 mm in diameter; pali very thick and elongate in juvenile stages, becoming thinner and more obsolete in later ontogenetical

Remarks. The 2 syntypes of Trochocyathus mitratus (Goldfuss) have corallites that are 10 and 11.5 mm in diameter and nearly 60 septa in their latest ontogenetical stage. In their juvenile stages there are 48 septa in 4–5 mm diameter. These skeletal dimensions are were found in juvenile stages of the specimens from the UAE / Oman border region ( Baron-Szabo 2000), are chararcteristic of the type material of Trochocyathus matleyi Wells , and Trochocyathus konincki Milne Edwards & Haime , as well as in Trochocyathus microphyes Felix , which all have 48 septa in 4 cycles in a calicular diameter of around 4–5 mm. In addition, it is suggested that the larger specimens of e.g. the UAE / Oman represent ontogenetically older stages of T. mitratus . A very similar kind of ontogenetical development seems to be present in the form Trochocyathus kangpaensis Wu from the Campanian-Maastrichtian of Tibet (see Wu 1975, pl. 7, figs 6–9, pl. 9, figs 7–8, pl. 10, fig. 2; Liao & Xia, 1994, pl. 55, figs 4–9) and in the species Trochocyathus corbicula, Duncan from the Paleocene of Pakistan. Therefore, all these species are considered junior synonyms of T mitratus .

Re-examination of the type specimens described as Trochocyathus septempartitus (Alloiteau, 1958) , revealed that they represent slightly more juvenile ontogenetical stages of Trochocyathus mitratus with 56 septa and a septal arrangement in 9 or 10 irregular systems in a corallite of 6 x 8 mm in diameter (in contrast to Alloiteau’ description in which he stated the presence of a septal development in 14 systems). The transformation during ontogenetical development from septal orders in 6 systems in juvenile stages to systems higher than 6 in adult stages has recently been discovered in solitary taxa like e.g. Aulosmilia aspera (Sowerby) (Baron-Szabo 2003) . The species T. septempartitus matches the development of an ontogenetical stage intermediate between a juvenile corallite with 6 systems and the development of 12 systems in adult stages.

Some of the specimens assigned to Trochocyathus gardnerae Wells from the Maastrichtian of the USA (Texas, Navarro Formation) by Wells (1933, p. 135, paratype no. 4 and specimen no. 3 on p. 136) closely correspond to juvenile stages of the species T. mitratus in that they have nearly circular corallites with diameters ranging between 5–7 mm, as well as 48 septa arranged in 12 systems.

Type locality of species. Campanian of Germany (Aachen, Zevenwegen-Schichten) .

Distribution. Santonian of Austria (Gosau Group), Campanian of Germany, Campanian-Maastrichtian of Tibet (Gamba County, Houshan) and Jamaica (Blue Mountain Peak), Middle-Upper Maastrichtian of the UAE / Oman border region, Upper Maastrichtian of Madagascar, Maastrichtian (Texas, Navarro Formation)- Danian (Cannonball marine Member) of the USA, Paleocene of Austria and Belgium (Obourg, Mons), Upper Danian of Ukraine, Eocene of the USA (Maryland [Aquia and Nanjemoy Formations],? California [Lower Tejon Group]).