Parasmilia centralis (Mantell, 1822)

Baron-Szabo, Rosemarie C., 2008, Dendrophylliina, Caryophylliina, Fungiina, Microsolenina, and Stylinina, Zootaxa 1952, pp. 1-244 : 70-72

Parasmilia centralis (Mantell, 1822)

Pl. 5, figs 10a, b, Pl. 6, figs 1a–4

v1820 Hippurites elongatus (conf. Parkins): Schlotheim, p. 354.

1829 Caryophyllia centralis Mantell : Phillips, vol. 1, p. 119, pl. 1, fig. 13.

v1848d Parasmilia centralis: Milne Edwards & Haime , vol. 4, p. 244.

v1848 d Parasmilia Gravesiana: Milne Edwards & Haime , vol. 4, p. 245.

1863 Parasmilia Gravesi: de Fromentel , p. 212, pl. 22, fig. 1.

1863 Parasmilia cylindracea: de Fromentel , p. 214, pl. 29, fig. 1.

1866 Parasmilia cylindrica M. Edw. u. Haime: Bölsche, p. 465, pl. 8, figs 2, 3.

1866 Parasmilia Gravesiana M. Edw. u. Haime: Bölsche, p. 466, pl. 8, fig. 4.

1866 Parasmilia laticostata n. sp.: Bölsche, p. 466, pl. 8, fig. 5.

v1869 Parasmilia granulata , n. sp.: Duncan, p. 13, pl. 6, figs 5–8.

v1899 Parasmilia lindströmi n. sp.: Hennig, p. 15, pl. 2, figs 18–33 (topotypes studied).

1899 Parasmilia scanica n. sp.: Hennig, p. 20, pl. 2, figs 34–36.

1904 Parasmilia centralis var. gravesiana: Jukes-Browne , vol. 3, p. 524.

1909 Parasmilia centralis (Mantell) : Lang, p. 294, text-fig. 40.

1914 Parasmilia centralis: Mantell sp. 1822: Felix, pars 7, p. 227.

1914 Parasmilia granulata Duncan 1869 : Felix, pars 7, p. 229.

1914 Parasmilia Gravesi E. H. 1849 : Felix, pars 7, p. 229.

1914 Parasmilia laticostata Bölsche 1866 : Felix, pars 7, p. 229.

v1922 Parasmilia lindströmi Hennig : Nielsen, p. 28 (topotypes studied).

1927 Parasmilia Fittoni M. Edw. & Haime : Siemiradzki, p. 318, pl. 1, fig.2a–c.

1955 Parasmilia cf. cylindracea de From. : Rossi Ronchetti, p. 117, pl. 12, figs 3a–b.

1955 Parasmilia granulata Duncan : Rossi Ronchetti, p. 118, pl. 12, figs 4a–b.

1955 Caryosmilia granosa Wann. : Rossi Ronchetti, p. 119, pl. 12, figs 5a–c.

1955 Parasmilia helenae n. sp.: Rozkowska, p. 254, pl. 1, fig. 5, pl. 2, fig. 3, text-figs 9, 10.

non1958 Parasmilia aff. lindströmi Hennig : Alloiteau & Tissier, p. 245, pl. 2, figs 2a–b’.

1986 Parasmilia centralis: Tchéchmédjiéva , p. 58ff.

1987 Parasmilia centralis (Mantell, 1822) : Kuzmicheva, p. 134, pl. 23, figs 5–7.

1987 Parasmilia cylindrica Edwards et Haime, 1850 : Kuzmicheva, p. 135, pl. 23, figs 8–10.

1987 Parasmilia fittoni Edwards et Haime, 1851 : Kuzmicheva, p. 135, pl. 23, fig. 11, pl. 24, fig. 1.

1987 Parasmilia helenae Rozkowska, 1955 : Kuzmicheva, p. 138, pl. 24, figs 6a, b.

1995 Parasmilia centralis (Mantell, 1822) : Tchéchmédjiéva, p. 58, pl. 12, figs 7, 8.

1995 Parasmilia gravesana Edwards & Haime, 1848 : Tchéchmédjiéva, p. 59, pl. 12, figs 9, 10.

2000 Parasmilia granulata, Duncan 1869 : Löser, p. 60.

2000 Parasmilia laticostata, Bölsche 1866 : Löser, p. 60.

v2002 Parasmilia centralis (Mantell, 1822) : Baron-Szabo, p. 165, pl. 119, figs 1, 7.

2002 Parasmilia cylindrica Milne Edwards & Haime, 1850 : Baron-Szabo, p. 165.

v2002 Parasmilia granulata Duncan, 1869 : Baron-Szabo, p. 165, pl. 119, figs 4–5.

2002 Parasmilia gravesi Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 : Baron-Szabo, p. 165.

2002 Parasmilia laticostata Bölsche, 1866 : Baron-Szabo, p. 165.

2002 Parasmilia centralis (Mantell 1822) : Löser et al., p. 485 (older synonyms cited therein).

2002 Parasmilia cylindrica Milne-Edwards & Haime 1851 : Löser et al., p. 488 (older synonyms cited therein). 2002 Parasmilia gravesi Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 : Löser et al., p. 491 (older synonyms cited therein). (v)2005 Parasmilia lindströmi: Bernecker & Weidlich , p. 16ff, fig. 7A (6).

Dimensions. d (adult)= 10–13 mm; s (adult):=48; h=up to 60 mm.

Description. Trochoid-ceratoid, circular to slightly elliptical in outline; compressed or cylindrical in juvenile stages; the ratio of minimum/maximum diameter ranges between 0.8– 1 in adult stages, can be as small as 0.49 in juvenile stages; costosepta thin, slightly flexuous, arranged in 3 complete cycles in 6 systems in early stage is reached at a corallite diameter of 12–13 mm; around 12 septa reach the axial region; columella generally well-developed.

Remarks. The synonymy list given above is based on the idea that the specimens used to create the taxa P. cylindracea , P. gravesiana , P. helenae , P. scanica , P. lindstroemi , P. laticostata , and P. granulata represent different ontogenetical stages of the species P. centralis . The species P. centralis , P. cylindracea , P. laticostata , and P. gravesiana are characterized by skeletal dimensions of d = 10–13 mm, s=48, and h=up to 40 mm. In the species P. helenae and P. scanica the number of septa ranges between 30 and 40 (24+s) in a corallite diameter of around 5 mm. The specimens upon which the latter species was established closely correspond to the juvenile part of the holotype of the species P. centralis . The species P. lindstroemi was based on a series of syntypes which include larger coralla of 11 mm in diameter and 48 septa, as well as small coralla of e.g., 7 mm in diameter having around 24 septa. Therefore, the type series of the species P. lindstroemi forms an ontogenetical succession uniting the above mentioned taxa.

Type location of species. Campanian-Maastrichtian of England (Sussex) .

Distribution. Cretaceous of Germany, Upper Cretaceous of France, Cenomanian-Turonian of the Czech Republic ( Bohemia), Turonian of Bulgaria and Great Britain, Santonian of Tunisia, Senonian of Great Britain and Poland, Lower Campanian of Bulgaria, Upper Campanian of Ukraine, Lower Maastrichtian of Mexico (Cerralvo, this paper) and Bulgaria, Maastrichtian of Libya (Sofeggin), Ukraine, Belgium, and The Netherlands, Upper Danian of Denmark (Fakse, Stevns Klint) and Poland.

New Material. Lower Maastrichtian of Mexico (Cerralvo), sample nos: UANL CE MAAS-212–214.