Protoneura Selys in Sagra, 1857,

Ellenrieder, Natalia Von & Garrison, Rosser W., 2017, A synopsis of the Neotropical genus Protoneura (Odonata: Coenagrionidae), Zootaxa 4361 (1), pp. 1-76: 5

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4361.1.1
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scientific name	Protoneura Selys in Sagra, 1857
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Protoneura Selys in Sagra, 1857

Protoneura Selys in Sagra, 1857: 200 (470 French edition). Type species: Agrion capillare Rambur, 1842 [by monotypy]

syn Microneura Hagen in Selys, 1886: 206

Type species: Microneura caligata Hagen in Selys, 1886 [by monotypy]

Slender medium-sized coenagrionids (TL males 32–53.5 mm; females 30–45 mm); with narrow wings (1/7 or more as wide as long); usually with dark areas with metallic green or copper reflections, and pale areas red, orange, yellow, blue or green ( Figs. 1–46View FIGURES 1–4View FIGURES 5–8View FIGURES 9–12View FIGURES 13–16View FIGURES17–20View FIGURES 21–24View FIGURES25–28View FIGURES 29–32View FIGURES 33–36View FIGURES 37–40View FIGURES 41–44View FIGURES 45, 46). Frons angulate or rounded in profile; dorsal surface of antennifer carinate and its anterior surface flat. Posterior margin of pronotum smoothly rounded in males, in females entire or trilobed, directed posteriorly, dorsally or anterodorsally ( Figs. 50cView FIGURES 47–50; 54a; 59b; 60b; 63a; 67a, c). Antenodal space 1 about twice the length of 2, shared with Neoneura Selys, 1860 , and longer than 3; CuA and CuP&AA completely fused to wing margin; MP short, reaching wing margin at vein descending from subnodus or within the basal 1/2 of first cell posterior to it; IR2 arising at vein descending from subnodus; divergence of RP-RA (arculus) distal to antenodal 2; RP 2 in Fw beginning closer to postnodal crossveins 4–7 and in Hw closer to postnodal crossveins 4, 5; pterostigma from slightly shorter to slightly longer than underlying cell, with its costal side shorter to longer than its posterior side. Genital ligula with or without lateral spines on basal segment; always with an inner fold basal to flexure ( Figs. 71–96bView FIGURES 71–78View FIGURES 79–84View FIGURES 85–91View FIGURES 92–96) and lacking inner process distal to flexure; laterodistal corners usually projected into short reflected processes ( Figs. 71bView FIGURES 71–78; 73–78b; 81– 86b; 90–93b) but sometimes not projected ( Figs. 72bView FIGURES 71–78; 79–80b; 87–89b); usually without lateral lobes between flexure and distal corners ( Figs. 71–89bView FIGURES 71–78View FIGURES 79–84View FIGURES 85–91; 93b), but lateral lobes, from slightly insinuated ( Fig. 90View FIGURES 85–91) to small ( Figs. 91View FIGURES 85–91; 92) present in P. tenuis Selys, 1860 , and well developed in P. woytkowskii Gloyd, 1939 ( Figs. 94–96View FIGURES 92–96); tip of distal segment usually straight or slightly concave or convex ( Figs. 71–93View FIGURES 71–78View FIGURES 79–84View FIGURES 85–91View FIGURES 92–96), but strongly projected into a strap-like extension in P. woytkowskii Gloyd, 1939 ( Figs. 94–96View FIGURES 92–96). Male cercus in lateral view shorter to longer than S10 ( Figs. 97–118aView FIGURES 97–99View FIGURES 100–102View FIGURES 103–105View FIGURES 106–108View FIGURES 109–111View FIGURES 112–114View FIGURES 115–118), with a ventrobasal process or tooth, a mediobasal process present or absent, and zero, one or two apical processes or teeth ( Figs. 97–118b, cView FIGURES 97–99View FIGURES 100–102View FIGURES 103–105View FIGURES 106–108View FIGURES 109–111View FIGURES 112–114View FIGURES 115–118). Male paraproct slightly shorter to much longer than cercus ( Figs. 97–118a, cView FIGURES 97–99View FIGURES 100–102View FIGURES 103–105View FIGURES 106–108View FIGURES 109–111View FIGURES 112–114View FIGURES 115–118). Epiproct small and rounded, no longer than wide ( Figs. 97–118bView FIGURES 97–99View FIGURES 100–102View FIGURES 103–105View FIGURES 106–108View FIGURES 109–111View FIGURES 112–114View FIGURES 115–118). Distal portion of female abdomen, from about midsection of S6 to tip, widened to about twice its basal width ( Figs. 25–46View FIGURES25–28View FIGURES 29–32View FIGURES 33–36View FIGURES 37–40View FIGURES 41–44View FIGURES 45, 46); tip of ovipositor (excluding stylus) not reaching to surpassing postero-dorsal margin of S10, but never surpassing tips of cerci.