Protoneura aurantiaca Selys, 1886,
publication ID |
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4361.1.1 |
publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:53489D29-C68F-44FD-9EA2-CFCA7B949630 |
persistent identifier |
http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D2332A59-FFA2-4E59-FF5D-FA47FC2569EF |
treatment provided by |
Plazi |
scientific name |
Protoneura aurantiaca Selys, 1886 |
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Protoneura aurantiaca Selys, 1886
Figs. 3View FIGURES 1–4 (♂ habitus), 27 (♀ habitus), 49 (♀ mes. plate), 73 (gen. lig.), 99 (♂ app.), 122 (map)
Protoneura aurantiaca Selys, 1886: 213 –214 (description of ♂ from Panama?);— Calvert (1903: 140, 143, pl. 5, Fig. 44View FIGURES 41–44; in key, redescription of ♂ from Mexico and Guatemala, illustration of S10);— Calvert (1907: 394, 396; in key);— Williamson (1915: 619, 624–625, Figs. 4View FIGURES 1–4, 17View FIGURES17–20; in key, description of ♀, notes on types, illustration of wings and thoracic pattern);— Paulson (1982: 252; Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama);— Donnelly (1989: 436–437, Figs. 3, 4View FIGURES 1–4, 6View FIGURES 5–8; diagnosis from P. sulfurata , illustrations of ♂ S10 and ♀ mesostigmal plate);— Measey (1994: 45; Belize); — Novelo-Gutiérrez (1994: 26–29, 31, Figs. 1–8View FIGURES 1–4View FIGURES 5–8; description of larva, illustrations of habitus, prementum, labial palp, mandibles, antenna, gonapophysis, cerci, and caudal lamellae, diagnosis from larvae of P. ailsa and P. cupida );— Boomsma & Dunkle (1996: 25; Belize);— González-Soriano & Novelo-Gutiérrez (1996: 162; Mexico);— González-Soriano (1997: 253; Mexico);— González-Soriano (2001: 337, notes on biology); — Alonso-Eguía Lis et al. (2002: 352; Mexico);— Rehn (2003: 212; in phylogenetic analysis);— Paulson (2009b; IUCN assessment);— Garrison et al. (2010: 379, Figs. 2506, 2507; illustration ♂ head, ♀ pronotum and mesostigmal plate);— González-Soriano & Paulson (2011: 302, 307; Mexico);—González- Soriano et al. (2011: 184; Mexico);— González-Soriano & Novelo-Gutiérrez (2011: 2, Appendix VIII.21.2; Mexico);— Garrison & von Ellenrieder (2013: 22; Costa Rica).
Primary types. Holotype ♂: Panama? [ RBINS].
Specimens examined. 60 ♂ 21 ♀: MEXICO, San Luis Potosí State : 6 ♂ 2 ♀, Huichihuayan, route 85, km 399 {21°28' N, 98°58'3'' W, 100 m}, 7 viii 1966, O.S. Flint, Jr. leg. [USNM]; 1 ♂, same data but [RWG] ; 8 ♂, Huichihuayan, S of Valles, km 410, San Brown Hacienda, 25–27 ix 1938, L.J. Lipovsky leg. [UMMZ]; 1 ♀, Huehuetlán, about 9 mi N of Matlapa on highway 85 {21°26' N, 98°54' W}, 11 iv 1963, R.L. Pyke leg. [ FSCA]; Tabasco StateGoogleMaps : 1 ♂, Teapa {17°33' N, 92°57' W}, H.H. Smith leg. [ UMMZ]; Veracruz StateGoogleMaps : 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Presidio, 40 km SE of Cordoba {19°5' N, 96°58' W, 1,599 m} O.S. Flint & M.A. Ortiz leg. [ USNM]GoogleMaps ; 1 ♂, stream 4.3 mi E of Cordoba, by highway 150 {18 53' N, 96 50' W}, 13 viii 1965, D.R. Paulson leg. [ UMMZ]GoogleMaps ; 1 ♂, same data but [ FSCA]GoogleMaps ; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Laguna Azul, Emilia, and Arroyo de Laguna Escondida near Los Tuxtlas Biological Station , 27 viii 1988, S.W. Dunkle leg. [ FSCA] ; 7 ♂ 5 ♀, vicinity of Lagunas Azul and Emilia, Los Tuxtlas Biological Station , about 30 km NE of Catemaco (18°25'12'' N, 95°6'36'' W, 600 m), 7–14 1982, R.W. Garrison leg. [RWG]GoogleMaps ; 2 ♂ 1 ♀, same data but [ FSCA]GoogleMaps ; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, same data but [ CSCA]GoogleMaps ; 2 ♂, same data but [ UMMZ]; Chiapas StateGoogleMaps : 3 ♂ 3 ♀, Cascada Mizolja, km 47, Palenque-Ocotzingo Road , 20 km S of Palenque (17°20'3'' N, 91°58'37'' W, 260 m), 25 ix 1983, R.W. Garrison leg. [RWG]GoogleMaps ; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, same data but [ FSCA]. BELIZE, Cayo Dist. GoogleMaps : 1 ♂, medium stream 20.2 mi SE of Belmopan on Hummingbird highway, 27 iii 1986, S.W. Dunkle leg. [ FSCA] ; 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (in tandem), river and small tributary, just east of Roaring Creek at W highway (17°15' N, 88°47' W}, 27 iii 1986, S.W. Dunkle leg. [RWG]; 2 ♂ 2 ♀, Río Frío at Cave, 1 mile W of Augustine, small forest stream in hardwoods {16°58' N, 89°0' W, 460 m}, 23 iii 1986, S.W. Dunkle leg. [ FSCA]; 1 ♂, stream on W highway at Unitedville School, 30 v 1993, S.W. Dunkle leg. [ FSCA]; Toledo Dist. : 4 ♂ 1 ♀, Blue Creek Village along Blue Creek (16°11'52'' N, 89°2'32'' W, 42 m), 7–8 i 1989, N.E. Adams leg. [ USNM]. GUATEMALA, Zacapa Dept.GoogleMaps : 2 ♂ 1 ♀, Los Amates, along a small wetweather stream in woods {15°16' N, 89°6' W}, 21 vi 1909, E.B. Williamson leg. [UMMZ]; 1 ♂, same data but [ USNM]GoogleMaps ; 1 ♂, same data but [ FSCA]. NICARAGUA, Río San Juan DeptGoogleMaps .: 1 ♂, San Juan River, Refugio Bartola (10°58'12'' N, 84°20'24'' W, 30 m), 4 v 2001, G. Grether leg. [RWG]. COSTA RICA, Heredia Prov.GoogleMaps : 2 ♂, Puerto Viejo de Sarapiquí, La Selva Biological Station, stream in primary forest and grassy area (10°28' N, 84°1' W, 60 m), 25 viii 1988, C. Esquivel H. leg. [FSCA]; 1 ♂, Finca La Selva (10°26'59'' N, 84°3'52'' W, 37 m), 25 xi 1986, T.C. Emmel leg. [ FSCA]GoogleMaps ; 1 ♂, Sarapiquí, small flood plain pool at small clear water river 9.7 km SE of Puerto Viejo {10°22' N, 83°55' W}, 2 iii 1987, S.W. Dunkle leg. [ FSCA]GoogleMaps ; 1 ♂, La Horqueta, ditch at road (10°20'22'' N, 83°57'27'' W, 78 m), 27 v 2013, N. von Ellenrieder & R.W. Garrison leg. [RWG]; Limón Prov.GoogleMaps : 1 ♂, La Lola, 28.3 mi W of Limón, 22 vii 1963, F.G. Thompson leg. [ FSCA].
Characterization. Male: Epicranium black with an orange spot along anterior margin of postfrons, black stripes on thorax, dorsum of S1, distal portion of S3, and S4–10; pale colors red to orange, and yellow ventrally ( Fig. 3View FIGURES 1–4). Pronotum anterior lobe black with medial and lateral orange spots, middle lobe with dorsum orange, and posterior lobe entirely orange. Mesepisternum orange with middorsal carina black and a narrow black stripe along distal 1/4 of mesepisternal-mesepimeral suture; mesepimeron orange anteriorly and black posteriorly; metepisternum orange with black along posterior margin; metepimeron entirely pale orange to yellow. Leg yellow with tips of femur, tibia, and tarsi narrowly brown to black, femur and tibia usually with two diffuse brownish rings sub-basally and subapically; tibial spurs shorter than twice intervening spaces. Genital ligula lacking lateral lobes and with a slightly concave distal margin, with lateral margins of distal segment spiculate and laterodistal corners not projected ventrally ( Fig. 73View FIGURES 71–78). Cercus shorter than S10 length, slightly shorter than paraproct, about as long as wide, with a depression on external dorsolateral surface and a longitudinal split along ventrodistal portion, dorsal margin with a distal concavity and ventral margin slightly convex in lateral view ( Fig. 99aView FIGURES 97–99), with medial surface concave and with a small blunt ventrobasal tooth and two apical pointed dorsal teeth, one on distal margin and one on medial surface, visible in dorsal and mediodorsal views ( Figs. 99b, cView FIGURES 97–99). Paraproct shorter than S10 length, at midlength narrowing to half its basal width and ending in a triangular tip ( Fig. 99View FIGURES 97–99). TL 35.5–40; Hw 17–18.
Female: As male but middle lobe of pronotum with orange restricted to a lateral band; black stripe extending along distal 3/4 of mesepisternal-mesepimeral suture, and all abdominal segments black dorsally; pale lateral area of S9 extended medially to about 2/3 of segment height. Middle lobe of pronotum lacking pronounced lateral depressions; posterior lobe entire, with sides straight converging to a smoothly convex tip, directed dorsally. Mesostigmal plate approximately triangular with a central concavity, anterior margin carinate and sinuous, and posteromedial corner contiguous with a carina extending midway to middorsal carina, surrounding a depression on mesepisternum ( Fig. 49View FIGURES 47–50). TL 36–38; Hw 19.5–22.
Diagnosis. Among the species with male paraproct no longer than S10 length, P. aurantiaca shares male cercus that is approximately quadrangular, about as long as wide, with a ventrodistal longitudinal split and depression on external dorsolateral surface, concave medial surface, and two short apical teeth in dorsal view ( Figs. 98View FIGURES 97–99; 99; 105; 115); and genital ligula distal segment with lateral margins spiculate ( Figs. 72View FIGURES 71–78; 73; 79; 89) only with P. amatoria , P. cupida , and P. sulfurata . It is diagnosed from P. amatoria under that species, and it can be differentiated from the other two species by its orange color ( Fig. 3View FIGURES 1–4; pale blue in P. cupida and bright yellow in P. sulfurata , Figs. 9View FIGURES 9–12; 19). The carinate and sinuous anterior margin of female mesostigmal plate ( Fig. 49View FIGURES 47–50) is unique within the genus.
Habitat and biology. Adults found along small wet-weather stream in woods in Guatemala ( Williamson 1915), and in Belize ( Measey 1994) along fast-flowing rivers and streams surrounded by forest, open to shady, and at a trickle in a swamp. Larvae were found among shoreline aquatic vegetation at a small clear pond and in small pools of a rocky shaded stream running through high-elevation perennial forest ( Novelo-Gutiérrez 1994). González-Soriano (2001) observed small aggregations of males hovering at 3–4 m above ground level near the edge of a small stream in Mexico.
Distribution. Mexico and Belize south to Nicaragua and Costa Rica ( Fig. 122View FIGURES 121–122), and possibly Panama (dubious type locality). Assessed as Least Concern by IUCN ( Paulson 2009b).
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Genus |
Protoneura aurantiaca Selys, 1886
Ellenrieder, Natalia Von & Garrison, Rosser W. 2017 |
P. sulfurata
Donnelly 1989 |
P. ailsa
Donnelly 1961 |
P. cupida
Calvert 1903 |
Protoneura aurantiaca
Selys 1886: 213 |