Protoneura viridis Westfall, 1964

Ellenrieder, Natalia Von & Garrison, Rosser W., 2017, A synopsis of the Neotropical genus Protoneura (Odonata: Coenagrionidae), Zootaxa 4361 (1), pp. 1-76 : 41-43

Protoneura viridis Westfall, 1964

Figs. 21 (♂ habitus), 45 (♀ habitus), 67 (♀ mes. plate), 93 (gen. lig.), 117 (♂ app.), 119 (map)

Protoneura viridis Westfall, 1964b: 111 –119; Figs. 1, 3 , 5, 7 , 9, 11 (description of ♂ and ♀ from Virgin Islands, illustrations thorax, ♀ mesostigmal plates, and ♂ S10, diagnosis from P. capillaris );— Paulson (1982: 260; Jamaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands);— Daigle (1996: 13; Dominican Republic);— Rehn (2003: 212; in phylogenetic analysis);— Flint et al. (2006: 73; Dominican Republic);—Trapero-Quintana & Naranjo-López (2004: 180; in key for Cuba);—Trapero- Quintana et al. (2004: 17, Cuba, notes on biology);— Westfall & May (2006: 431, 433–435, 441, 442, Figs. 225C, 226D; in key to northern representatives of genus, characterization of adults, illustrations of ♂ S10, ♀ pronotum and mesostigmal plates);— Trapero-Quintana & Torres-Cambas (2008: 26; Cuba);— Garrison et al. (2010: 379);— Meurgey (2013: 300, 306, 326; distribution).

Protoneura capillaris nec Rambur, 1842 — Kolbe (1888: 165, 170; Puerto Rico); — Calvert (1909: 212; Jamaica);— Gowdey (1926: 2; Jamaica);— Klots (1932: 9, 80–82, pl. 1, fig. 13; Jamaica and Puerto Rico, illustration of Fw);— Misidentifications.

Protonenia [sic] capillaris nec Rambur, 1842 — Carpenter (1896: 261; Jamaica) —Misidentification.

Primary types. Holotype ♂. Virgin Islands, St. John , L’Esperance, 20 vi 1961, T.W. Donnelly leg. [ FSCA # 656 ].

Specimens examined. 90 ♂ 29 ♀: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, Peravia Prov. : 1 ♂, Bani, 15 km N on El Recondo Road , along small partially shaded gently flowing stream, 2–5 feet wide and 2 feet deep with fish {18°20' N, 70°27' W , 70 m}, 29 vi 1999, F.C. Sibley leg. [ FSCA]; La Vega Prov. : 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (in tandem), Maimón River and tributary, 5 km NE of Piedra Blanca, 30 v 1991, S.W. Dunkle leg. [ FSCA] ; 4 ♂ 1 ♀ (in tandem), small shaded stream and pasture with small wet areas, 19.5 km NE of Jarabacoa (19°17'27'' N, 70°36'6'' W, 200 m), 3 viii 1983, R.W. Garrison leg. [RWG] ; 1 ♂, Jarabacoa {19°6' N, 70°36' W}, 4 vi 1969, O.S. Flint, Jr. & J. Gomez leg. [ USNM]; Dajabón Prov. : 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Villa Anacaona (19°15' N, 71°42' W), 3 vi 1986, R. Miller & L. Stange leg. [ FSCA]; San Cristobal Prov. : 8 ♂ 2 ♀ (in copula), Cumu River , 14 km E of Puerto Plata {19°11'53'' N, 70°37'27'' W, 21 m}, 18 v 1995, O.S. Flint, Jr. leg. [ USNM] ; 9 ♂ 5 ♀ (3 pairs in copula), El Seibo, Quisibani River, E of El Seibo, road to Rincón Chavón {18°45'15'' N, 68°55'43'' W, 100 m}, 12 v 1995, O.S. Flint, Jr. leg. [ USNM] ; 12 ♂, El Seibo, 6 km E of El Seibo, near junction route 4 and road to El Cuey (18°44'44'' N, 68°59'14'' W, 120 m), 12 v 1995, O.S. Flint, Jr. leg. [ USNM] ; 18 ♂, La Toma , N of San Cristobal {18°30' N, 70°12' W}, 9–10 vi 1969, O.S. Flint & J. Gomez leg. [ USNM] ; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, tributary of Haina River, just N of Villa Altagracia on Autopista Duarte, at Los Arbolitos tree farm, rive and slough ponds {18°40' N, 70°10' W , 156 m}, 29 v 1991, S.W. Dunkle leg. [FSCA]; Distrito Nacional: 2 ♂, Arroyo Bermejo, 4 km N NE of Hatillo & Autopista Duarte (18°36'2'' N, 70°6'16'' W, 90 m), 27 viii 1980, R.W. Garrison leg. [RWG] ; 10 ♂ 3 ♀, same data but 14 iv 1981, J.A. Garrison & R.W. Garrison leg. [RWG] ; 2 ♂ 1 ♀, same data but [ CSCA] ; 1 ♂, same data but [ UMMZ] ; 1 ♂, same data but 29 vi 1984 [RWG] ; 3 ♂ 3 ♀ (in tandem), same data but small clear rocky stream, 3 vi 1989, S.W. Dunkle leg. [ FSCA] ; 1 ♂, about 2 km E Berrio (18°35'49'' N, 70°9'10'' W, 70 m), 10 viii 2001, D.E. Perez-Gelabert leg. [ USNM] ; 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (in tandem), Isabela River , 2.5 km NNE of Hatillo /Autopista Duarte, rocky river with deep pools (18°35'45'' N, 70°6'9'' W, 70 m), 4 vi 1989, S.W. Dunkle leg. [RWG] ; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, same data but [ FSCA] ; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, same data but J.J. Daigle leg. [RWG]. VIRGIN ISLANDS, St. John : 1 ♂, L'Esperance {18°26' N, 64°34' W}, 4–5 ix 1966, T.W. Donnelly leg. [RWG] ; 3 ♂ 3 ♀ (paratypes), same data but 18–20 vi 1961, T.W. Donnelly leg. [ FSCA]; St. Thomas : 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (paratypes, in copula), Turpentine run at Donoe {18°20'12'' N, 64°53'51'' W, 75 m}, 28 viii 1956, T.W. Donnelly leg. [ FSCA]. PUERTO RICO, Río Piedras Municipality : 1 ♂ (paratype), Río Piedras (18°23'58'' N, 66°3'1'' W, 28 m), 19 xii 1940, J. Garcia-Diaz leg. [ FSCA]; Río Grande Municipality : 1 ♀, Bosque Experimental Luquillo, Campamento Elisa Colberg by highway 186, Caribbean National Forest (18°20'28'' N, 65°49'43'' W, 200 m), 8 vi 1982, R.W. Garrison leg. [RWG] ; 1 ♂, small stream on Hwy 186 near Hwy 187 (18°22'21'' N, 65°49'48'' W, 11 m), 10 xii 2016, N. von Ellenrieder leg. [ CSCA]; Mayagüez Municipality : 1 ♂, Arroyo de Oro , past zoological stations, just N of Mayagüez (18°12'11'' N, 67°8'24'' W, 48 m), 31 viii 1980, R.W. Garrison & J.A. Garrison leg. [RWG] ; 1 ♀ (paratype), Mayagüez, stream above ponds at Agricultural Experiment Station , 11 viii 1963, T.W. Donnelly leg. [ FSCA] ; 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (paratype), same data but [ USNM] ; 1 ♀, Mayagues , 9– 15 ix 1975, J.D. Chinea leg. [ FSCA] ; 1 ♂, same data but 25 xi 1975 [ FSCA]. JAMAICA, Kingston Parish : 1 ♂, Kingston {18°0' N, 76°48' W , 53 m}, W. J. Fox leg. [ ANSP]; St. Thomas Parish: 1 ♂, about 3 mi E of Bath {17°57' N, 76°30' W , 55 m}, 15 viii 1960, M.J. Westfall, Jr. & P. Drummond leg. [FSCA].

Characterization. Male: Epicranium, dorsum of thorax, and S1–3 metallic green with purple reflections, S4– 10 brown; S3–6 with small basal pale yellow spots and S7 with pale dorsal spot on basal half; pale colors pale yellow ( Fig. 21 ). Pronotum metallic green with lateral margins pale yellow. Mesepisternum metallic green; mesepimeron metallic green with two small distal pale yellow spots along mesepisternal-mesepimeral suture; metepisternum pale yellow margined dorsally and posteriorly by green; metepimeron pale yellow. Outer surface of leg pale yellow with tips of femur, tibia, and tarsi dark; tibial spurs shorter than twice intervening spaces. Genital ligula lacking lateral lobes and with a straight distal margin, with laterodistal corners of distal segment projected ventrally ( Fig. 93 ). Cercus longer than S10 length, about as long as paraproct, longer than wide in lateral view, with a longitudinal split along dorsal portion of external surface, delimiting a medial sclerotized branch which ends on a strong tooth directed medioventrally, preceded by a smaller subapical pointed tooth ( Fig. 117a ); remainder of cercus foliaceous, medially concave, with a small triangular tooth at ventrobasal edge, and a long, curved thick pointed tooth at mediobasal edge directed medioposteriorly ( Figs. 117b, c ). Paraproct longer than S10 length, at midlength narrowing to half its basal width and with tip widened and medially concave ( Fig. 117 ). TL 35–39.5; Hw 16–17.

Female: As male but dark areas metallic green with copper reflections; no pale spot on S7; posterior lobe of pronotum yellow; mesepimeron mostly green with yellow limited to ventroposterior edge; metepisternum yellow margined dorsally and posteriorly by green; pale lateral area of S9 extended along posterior half of segment almost to dorsum midline. Middle lobe of pronotum with pronounced lateral depressions; posterior lobe directed anterodorsally, entire and smoothly convex ( Figs. 67a, c ). Mesostigmal plate upright with anterior surface concave, posterior surface slightly convex, and dorsal margin narrowly carinated laterally, almost touching opposite plate anteromedially; paired adjacent mesepisternal cylindrical tubercles almost as high as mesostigmal plates located between their posteromedial corners ( Figs. 67b, d ). TL 33.5–37; Hw 18–20.

Diagnosis. Male cercus morphology, with a medial sclerotized branch which ends on a tooth directed medioventrally and remainder of cercus foliaceous, medially concave, with a small triangular tooth on outer ventrobasal edge, and a long, curved thick pointed tooth at medial ventrobasal edge directed medially ( Fig. 117 ), is shared with P. caligata , P. capillaris , P. dunklei and P. sanguinipes ( Figs. 100 ; 102; 106; 113). Within this group, P. viridis resembles P. caligata and P. capillaris by the medial sclerotized branch of male cercus ending on a tooth directed medioventrally located at cercus tip ( Figs. 100 ; 102; 117) and by distal margin of genital ligula straight with laterodistal corners projected ventrally ( Figs. 74 ; 76; 93); in P. dunklei and P. sanguinipes the medial branch ends on a broad triangular tip located at about midlength of cercus ( Figs. 106 ; 113), and distal margin of genital ligula is convex triangular with laterodistal corners not projected ventrally ( Figs. 80 ; 87). Protoneura viridis differs from males of all four species by pale yellow outer surface of legs with only tips of femora, tibiae, and tarsi dark ( Fig. 21 ); legs have pale colors blue or orange-red in the other species ( Figs. 4 ; 6; 10; 17), and by subapical tooth on cercus medial margin preceding long distal tooth ( Fig. 117b vs. Figs. 100b ; 102b; 106b; 113b). Female mesostigmal plates and adjacent cylindrical mesepisternal tubercles between their posteromedial corners resemble those of P. ailsa , P. romanae , and P. capillaris , but differ by the slightly convex posterior surface of the plates in lateral view ( Fig. 67b ), which is concave in the first two species, and the anterior surface slightly concave, which is markedly convex in P. capillaris ( Fig. 52a ).

Habitat and biology. Adults were found on shaded areas near some trees at a small sluggish ditch flowing through open fields in Jamaica, and mating and laying eggs in a series of seepage pools with tufa sides and gravel and mud bed with abundant fallen leaves, under which larvae were also found, in the Virgin Islands ( Westfall 1964b). In Cuba (Trapero-Quintana et al. 2004), adults were observed perching in the shade on branches of shoreline bushes overhanging rivers and flying close to water’s surface in backwater areas, between 11:00 and 12:00.

Distribution. Cuba, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands ( Fig. 119 ).

Figures

FIGURES 21–24. Male body scan; head in dorsal view, thorax and abdomen in lateral view (not to scale). (21) P. viridis; (22) P. woytkowskii form a; (23)P.woytkowskii form b; (24) P.woytkowskii form c.

FIGURES 1–4. Male body scan; head in dorsal view, thorax and abdomen in lateral view (not to scale). (1) P. ailsa; (2) P. amatoria; (3) P.aurantiaca; (4) P.caligata.

FIGURES 5–8. Male body scan; head in dorsal view, thorax and abdomen in lateral view (not to scale). (5) P. calverti; (6) P. capillaris; (7) P.cara; (8) P.corculum.

FIGURES 9–12. Male body scan; head in dorsal view, thorax and abdomen in lateral view (not to scale).(9) P.cupida; (10) P. dunklei; (11) P.klugi; (l2) P.macintyrei.

FIGURES 92–96. Genital ligula in ectal (92–96a), lateral (92–96b), and entolateral (93c) views (to scale). (92) P. tenuis; (93) P. viridis; (94) P. woytkowskii form a; (95) P. woytkowskiiform b; (96) P. woytkowskii form c. All by RWG.

FIGURES 115–118. Male caudal appendages in lateral (115–117a), posterodorsal (115–117b), and dorsal (115–117b) views (not to scale). (115) P.sulfurata; (116) P. tenuis; (117) P.viridis; (118) P.woytkowskii.

FIGURES 64–70. Female pronotum (67a, c) and mesostigmal plates (64–66; 67b, d), in lateral (66a; 67a, b), dorsal (64; 65; 66b; 67c, d; 68–70) and dorsolateral (an) views (to scale). (64) P. scintilla; (65) P. sulfurata; (66) P. tenuis; (67) P. viridis; (68) P. woytkowskii form a; (69) P. woytkowskii form b; (70) P. woytkowskii form c.

FIGURES 100–102. Male caudal appendages in lateral (100–102a), posterodorsal (100–102b), and dorsal (100–102b) views (not to scale). (100) P.caligata; (101) P. calverti; (102) P.capillaris.

FIGURES 71–78. Genital ligula inectal (71–78a) and lateral (71–78b) views (to scale). (71) P.ailsa; (72) P.amatoria; (73) P. aurantiaca; (74) P.caligata; (75) P.calverti; (76) P.capillaris; (77) P.cara; (78) P.corculum. All by RWG.

FIGURES 106–108. Male caudal appendages in lateral (106–108a), posterodorsal (106–108b), and dorsal (106–108b) views (not to scale). (106) P.dunklei; (107) P. klugi; (108) P. macintyrei.

FIGURES 79–84. Genitalligula in ectal (79–84a), lateral (79–84b), and entolateral (81c; 84c) views (to scale).(79) P.cupida; (80) P.dunklei; (81) P.klugi; (82) P.macintyrei; (83) P.paucinervis; (84) P. peramans. All by RWG.

FIGURES 51–54. Female pronotum (54c) and mesostigmal plates (51–53; 54a, b), in lateral (51a; 52a; 53a; 54a), dorsal (51b; 52b; 53b; 54b, c), and dorsolateral (51c) views (to scale). (51) P. calverti; (52) P. capillaris; (53) P. cara; (54) P. corculum.

FIGURES 119–120. Distribution maps.