APOCYNACEAE

Baksh-Comeau, Yasmin S., Maharaj, Shobha S., Adams, Dennis, Harris, Stephen A., Filer, Denis L. & Hawthorne, William D., 2016, An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical ‘ hotspots’, Phytotaxa 250 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

APOCYNACEAE

Allamanda cathartica L., Mant. Pl. Altera 214 (1771) Exotic.

Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br., Mem. Wern. Soc. 1: 75(1809) Exotic.

Anodendron paniculatum A.DC., Prodr. 8: 444 (1844) Exotic.

CHECKLIST TO VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

Phytotaxa 250 (1) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 85 Asclepias curassavica L., Sp. Pl. 1: 215 (1753) Common name: False Ipecacuanha, Matac, Negro Ipecacuanha, Pwentan, Red Head, Red Top. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Weed of pastures, roadsides and waste lands. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: E Coast; Trinidad: Central Range; Chaguanas-Couva; Princes Town; SW Icacos-Cedros; Southern Watershed. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 8% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Highmoor, Broadway 3091 (BM); Scarborough, Purseglove P6367 (K); Observatory Hill, Philcox & Raynal 7887 (K); Studley Park to Hillsborough Dam, Clement & Ryves 252 (BM). TRINIDAD: Woodbrook, Broadway 6312 (K); Maracas Road, Philcox 7001, (K); St. Joseph Stock Farm, Purseglove P6010 (K); Aripo Heights, Williams s.n. (TRIN 10114); Aripo Valley, Smart s.n. (K); Grand Sable Road, Broadway 7828 (BM); Tabaquite-Rio Claro Road, Broadway s.n. (K). Global range: Widespread in subtropical and tropical America and the Caribbean.

Aspidosperma cuspa (Kunth) S.F.Blake ex Pittier, Man. Pl. Usual. Venez. 110 (1926) Syn: Aspidosperma sessiliflorum Müll.Arg. Habit : Tree. Habitat: Dry, well-drained soils. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Huevos; NW Peninsular corner. RBS Vegetation Classes: Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 20% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Gasparee Island, Broadway 9426 (K); Camaranaro, Dannouse s.n. (TRIN 6979). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay.

Calotropis gigantea (L.) R.Br., Hort. Kew. (ed.2) 2: 78 (1811) Common Name: Madar. Exotic.

Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T.Aiton, Hortus Kew. (ed.2) 2: 78 (1811) Syn: Asclepias procera Aiton Common Name : Madar, Mudar. Exotic.

Carissa carandas L., Mant. Pl. 52 (1767) Exotic.

Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC., in DC., Prodr. 8: 336 (1844) Exotic.

Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don, Gen. Syst. 4: 95 (1836) Syn: Lochnera rosea (L.) Rchb.; Vinca rosea L. Common Name : Cacapoule, Old Maid, Periwinkle. Exotic.

Cerbera odollam Gaertn., Fruct. & Sem. Pl. 2: 193 (1791) Exotic.

Chamaeclitandra henriquesiana (Hallier f.) Pichon, Mem. Inst. Franc. Afr. Noire No. 35 203 (1953) Syn: Clitandra henriquesiana K.Schum. ex Warb. Exotic.

Condylocarpon intermedium Müll.Arg., Fl. Bras. 6: 65 (1888) Habit: Climber. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Irois, Crueger s.n. (TRIN 1535), [Finlay s.n.] (TRIN 2767). Global range: Central America, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil.

Cryptostegia grandiflora R.Br., Bot. Reg. 5: t.435 (1820) Common Name: Kanher. Exotic.

Cryptostegia madagascariensis Bojer ex Decne., Prodr. 8: 492 (1844) Exotic.

Cynanchum parviflorum Sw., Prod. Veg. Ind. Occ. 53 (1788) Syn: Metastelma paralias Decne. ; Metastelma parviflorum (Sw.) R.Br. ex Schult. ; Metastelma suberosum Griseb. Habit : Climber. Habitat: Dry gravelly soils. IUCN: NE. Star: BU. RBS Distribution Plots TRINIDAD: Caroni; NW Peninsular Corner; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Point Radix. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 3% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 11% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Point opposite Melville Island to Charlotteville, Freeman & Williams s.n. (TRIN 11412). Global range: Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana.

Fischeria stellata (Vell.) E.Fourn., Fl. Bras. 6: 301 (1885) Syn: Cynanchum stellatum Vell. , Fischeria havanensis sensu Cheesman , Fischeria multiflora Decne Habit : Climber. Habitat: Forest margins. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: SW Erin-Guapo. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Arima, Crueger s.n. (K); Purdie 35 (K); Arena Forest,

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Baker s.n. (K, TRIN 14374); Carmichael Road, Britton & Hazen 1927 (K). Global range: Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina.

Forsteronia acouci (Aubl.) A.DC., in DC. Prodr. 8: 439 (1844) Syn: Apocynum acouci Aubl. ; Forsteronia schomburgkii (Benth.) Müll.Arg. ; Thyrsanthus schomburgkii Benth. Habit : Climber. Habitat: Thickets and woodland margin in marsh forest; wet forest borders. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Aripo Heights; Biche-Poole; Central Range; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Longdenville-Talparo; Matura-Salybia; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; Nariva; North Central Coast; Princes Town; Rampanalgas-Toco; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; Trinity Hills. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 17% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 12% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 29% RBS samples; Vegnum 12: 33% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Caroni River, Britton & Britton 2900 (K); Carapo, Adams 14412 (TRIN), Adams 14414 (K, TRIN); Guanapo Heights Road, Adams 13523 (TRIN). Global range: Southern Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Funtumia africana (Benth.) Stapf, Proc. Linn. Soc. London 1899: 2 (1899) Exotic.

Funtumia elastica (Preuss) Stapf, Proc. Linn. Soc. London 1899: 2 (1899) Exotic.

Gonolobus rostratus (Vahl) R.Br. ex Schult., Syst. Veg. (ed. 15) 6: 61 (1820) Syn: Gonolobus broadwayae Schltr. Common name: Wild Duck. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Roadside thickets. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: SW Coastal; Scarborough-Plymouth; TRINIDAD: Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Longdenville-Talparo; North Central Coast; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Princes Town; SW Icacos-Cedros. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 3% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 11% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 6% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 8: 20% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Without locality, von Rohr s.n. (BM), Fendler 637 (BM, OXF). Global range: Greater Antilles, Venezuela, Argentina.

Gonolobus tobagensis Urban, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 37 (1919) Habit: Climber. Habitat: Forests. IUCN: NE. Star: BK. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Mt. St. George-Castara Road, Sandwith 1840 (K). Global range: Guyana.

Hoya carnosa (L.f.) R.Br., Mem. Wern. Soc. 1: 2 (1810) Exotic.

Kopsia arborea Blume, Cat. Buitenzorg 13 (1823) Exotic.

Kopsia flavida Blume, Rumphia 4: 28 (1849) Exotic.

Kopsia fruticosa (Ker Gawl.) A.DC., Prodr. 8: 352 (1844) Exotic.

Landolphia owariensis P.Beauv., Fl. Oware 1: 54 (1806) Syn: Landolphia leiocalyx Pichon Exotic.

Mandevilla hirsuta (A.Rich.) K.Schum., in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4: 171 (1895) Syn: Echites hirsuta Rich. ; Echites tomentosa Vahl Common name: Savanna Flower. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Savannas, secondary thickets, forest borders and clearings. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; TRINIDAD: Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Cumaca; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Longdenville-Talparo; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Rampanalgas-Toco; SW Icacos-Cedros; Sangre Grande-Valencia-Orop. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 10% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Without locality, Eggers 5546 (B, C, K, US); Spring Hill, near Scarborough, Broadway 3375 (B, MO); Sandy River Valley, Sandwith 1678 (K). TRINIDAD: Without locality, Fendler 624 (K, OXF). Global range: Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Mandevilla subsagittata (Ruiz & Pav.) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 19: 69 (1932) Habit: Climber. Habitat: Hillsides and forest borders. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: E Coast; NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; TRINIDAD: Gasparee; Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; NW Peninsular

CHECKLIST TO VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

Phytotaxa 250 (1) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 87 Corner; Nariva; Princes Town; Rio Claro-Mayaro; Southern Watershed; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 7% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 17% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 10% RBS samples; Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Darrell Spring Road, Broadway 3848 (BM); Pigeon Hill, Sandwith 1812 (K). TRINIDAD: Chacachacare, [Finlay s.n.] (TRIN 2759), Southern Main Road, Broadway s.n. (BM). Global range: Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru.

Mandevilla symphitocarpa (G.Mey.) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 19: 70 (1932) Syn: Echites symphytocarpa G.Mey. Habit : Climber. Habitat: Forest borders. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Irois, Crueger 39 (K). Global range: Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil.

Marsdenia macrophylla (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Schult.) E.Fourn., Fl. Bras. 6: 321 (1885) Syn: Marsdenia maculata Hooker Habit : Climber. Habitat: Forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: E Coast; NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; Scarborough-Plymouth; TRINIDAD: Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Brasso Seco; Catshill-Basse Terre; Monos; NW Peninsular Corner; North Central Coast; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Princes Town; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; Southern Watershed; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 8% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 9% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 36% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 10% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Store Bay, Sandwith 1816 (K). TRINIDAD: St. Anns, Purdie 32 (K); Tabaquite, Baker s.n. (K, TRIN 14382); San Fernando Hill, Broadway 6365 (K); Moruga Road, Baker s.n. (K, TRIN 14565). Global range: Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina.

Matelea denticulata (Vahl) Fontella & E.A.Schwarz, Bol. Mus . Bot. Munic. (Curitiba) 46: 4 (1981) Syn: Cynanchum viridiflorum G.Mey. ; Gonolobus ciliatus Schltr. ; Gonolobus denticulatus (Vahl) W.D.Stevens ; Gonolobus viridiflorus (G.Mey.) Schult ; Matelea viridiflora (G.Mey.) Woodson ; Vincetoxicum viridiflorum Standl. Common Name : Orosul. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Hedges, thickets and plantation edges. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: E Coast; SW Coastal; Scarborough-Plymouth; TRINIDAD: Central Range; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; Point Radix; Princes Town; San Fernando; Southern Watershed; Tabaquite-Brickfield. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 3% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 4% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 28% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 10% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Montpelier, Broadway 3089 (BM); North Coast Road, Baker & Dennis s.n. (TRIN 14522); Great Dog River Valley, Sandwith 1745 (K); Flagstaff Hill, Baker s.n. (K, TRIN 15308). TRINIDAD: St. Clair, Broadway 5445 (BM, K). Global range: Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Matelea hirsuta (Vahl) Woodson, Fl. Trinidad & Tobago 2: 170 (1947) Syn: Cynanchum hirsutum Vahl ; Macroscepis hirsuta Schltr. Habit : Climber. Habitat: Forest margins. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Catshill-Basse Terre; Matura-Salybia; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 2% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 7% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 9: 29% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Without locality, von Rohr 92 (BM). Global range: Lesser Antilles, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru.

Matelea maritima (Jacq.) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 222 (1941) Syn: Gonolobus floccosus Bertol. , Ibatia muricata Griseb. Habit : Climber. Habitat: Dry, scrubby coastal thickets. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Without locality, Broadway 7220 (G, K, MO, S, US, Z). Global range: Greater Antilles and Lesser Antilles to northern South America and Panama.

Matelea reflexa (Hemsl.) Morillo, Ernstia 24: 39 (1984) Habit: Climber. Habitat: Forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, Baker s.n. (K, TRIN 14721). Global range: Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru.

Matelea squiresii (Rusby) Morillo, Ernstia 24: 39 (1984) Habit: Climber. Habitat: Roadsides. IUCN: NE. Star: GD. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Maracas, Broadway 7241 (K). Global range: Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam.

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Mesechites trifidus (Jacq.) Müll.Arg., Fl. Bras. 6: 151 (1860) Syn: Echites trifida Jacq. Habit : Climber. Habitat: Thickets in moist and wet districts. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Arima Valley; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Brasso Seco; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Chaguanas-Couva; Huevos; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz; Princes Town; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Icacos-Cedros; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Trinity Hills. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 1: 13% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 6% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 19% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 10% RBS samples; Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 15% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Without locality, von Rohr 22 (BM); Caratal Road, Broadway 7624 (BM). Global range: Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay.

Metalepis albiflora Urban, Fedde, Repert. 16: 37 (1919) Syn: Cynanchum albiflorum (Urban) Woodson Habit : Climber. Habitat: Disturbed areas, forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Near the Widow, Broadway 4794 (BM, GH, MO, NY). Global range: Greater Antilles, Colombia, Venezuela, French Guiana, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru.

Metastelma broadwayi (Schltr.) R.A.Howard, Fl. Less. Antill. 6: 128 (1989) Syn: Cynanchum broadwayi (Schltr.) Woodson ; Decastelma broadwayi Schltr. Habit : Climber. Habitat: Montane forest, common above 600 m. IUCN: NE. Star: BK RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arima Valley; Brasso Seco; Central Range. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 1: 38% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 3% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Tucuche, Britton & Freeman s.n. (TRIN 9087), Britton et al., 1239 (K), Broadway 5647 (K), Baker s.n. (K, TRIN 14803); El Tucuche, Johnson 906 (BM); Aripo Heights, Broadway s.n. (K, TRIN 9841). Global range: Lesser Antilles.

Metastelma decipiens Schltr., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 13: 97 (1910) Syn: Cynanchum cheesmanii Woodson ; Metastelma grisebachianum Schltr. Habit : Climber. Habitat: Dry scrubby thickets near the sea. IUCN: NE Star: GD. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: The Whim, Broadway 3178 (BM); Bacolet, Sandwith 1871 (K). Global range: Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands.

Metastelma freemani N.E.Br., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 53: 468 (1926) Syn: Cynanchum freemani (N.E.Br.) Woodson Habit : Climber. Habitat: Maritime cliffs. IUCN: EN. Star: BK. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Balandra Bay, Freeman s.n. (K, NY, TRIN 11310); between Balandra and Toco, Cheesman & Baker s.n. (TRIN). Global range: Endemic to Trinidad.

Nerium oleander L., Sp. Pl. 209 (1753) Exotic.

Odontadenia macrantha (Roem. & Schult.) Marcgr., Fl. Surin. 4: 461 (1937) Syn: Echites grandiflora G.Mey. ; Odontadenia grandiflora (G.Mey.) Miq. ; Odontadenia speciosa Benth. Habit : Climber. Habitat: Savannas; possibly exotic. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Biche-Poole; Chaguanas-Couva; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; Trinity Hills; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 3% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 3% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 6% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 20% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 12: 33% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Without locality, Hart 6998 (MO). Global range: Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru.

Odontadenia nitida (Vahl) Müll.Arg., Fl. Bras. 6: 118 (1860) Syn: Echites nitida Vahl Habit : Climber. Habitat: Savannas, palm marsh and forest borders. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Piarco-Arima; SW Icacos-Cedros. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples); Savanna/plantation (Vegnum 12: 33% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: San Juan, Broadway s.n. (BM); Balandra Bay, Adams 14177 (TRIN); Four Roads, Riley 214 (BM); Pitch Lake, Corstorphine & Corstorphine s.n. (BM). Global range: Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Plumeria alba L., Sp. Pl. 1: 210 (1753) Syn: Plumeria inodora Jacq. Exotic.

Plumeria pudica Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 13 (1760) Syn: Plumeria cochleata S.F.Blake Exotic.

CHECKLIST TO VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

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Plumeria rubra L., Sp. Pl. 1: 209 (1753) Exotic.

Prestonia brittonii N.E.Br., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 51: 5 (1924) Habit : Climber. Habitat: Montane forest , known only from the Type collection. IUCN: LC. Star : BU. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Aripo Heights, Broadway s.n. ( TRIN 10009 ). Global range: Venzuela.

Prestonia exserta (A.DC.) Standl., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 460 (1925) Syn: Haemadictyon exsertum A.DC.; Prestonia fendleri N.E.Br. ; Prestonia tobagensis Urban Habit : Climber. Habitat: Hedges and thickets. Star: GD. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: near Frenchfield, Eggers 5568 (B); Bacolet, Sandwith 1753 (K); Back Hill above Charlotteville, Sandwith 1799 (K). TRINIDAD: Without locality, Fendler 623 [628?] (BM). Global range: Central America, Colombia, Venezuela.

Prestonia quinquangularis (Jacq.) Spreng., Syst. 1: 637 (1824) Syn: Echites quinquangularis Jacq. ; Haemadictyon venosum Lindl. Habit : Climber. Habitat: Hedges and thickets. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Biche-Poole; Central Range; NW Peninsular Corner; Princes Town; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Trinity Hills. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 2% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 8% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 11% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 10% RBS samples; Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples); Swamp/marsh (Vegnum 11: 15% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Without locality, Fendler 625 (BM, OXF), von Rohr 94 (BM); Southern Main Road, Broadway 9100 (BM). Global range: Lesser Antilles, Colombia, Venezuela, Bolivia, Paraguay.

Rauvolfia ligustrina Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. (ed. 15) 4: 805 (1819) Syn: Rauvolfia ternifolia Kunth Common Name : Reideparel. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Woodlands and thickets in moist districts. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Princes Town; San Fernando. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 5: 6% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: San Fernando, Broadway 9010 (BM); Moruga, Broadway 9265 (BM). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, Brazil, Bolivia.

Rauvolfia tetraphylla L., Sp. Pl. 1: 208 (1753) Syn: Rauvolfia canescens L.; Rauvolfia hirsuta Jacq. ; Rauvolfia lamarckii A.DC.; Rauvolfia latifolia A.DC.; Rauvolfia nitida Lam. Common name: Devil Pepper, Devil’s Pepper, Matteroot, Pimand Diable, Piment Diable. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Open waste ground near the sea. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: SW Icacos-Cedros. RBS Vegetation Classes: Savanna/ plantation (Vegnum 9: 14% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Crown Point, Philcox & Raynal 7927 (K), Clement & Ryves 66 (BM). TRINIDAD: St. Anns, Broadway 9229 (BM, K. Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, United States (Missouri, Florida), Mexico, Central America, Colombia, French Guiana, Ecuador, Peru.

Rauvolfia viridis Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. (ed. 15) 4: 805 (1819) Habit: Tree. Habitat: In seashore thickets, on dry coral cliffs. Star: BU. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Store Bay, Sandwith 1820 (K). TRINIDAD: Toco, Marshall s.n. (TRIN 12390). Global range: Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela.

Rhabdadenia biflora (Jacq.) Müll.Arg., Fl. Bras. 6: 175 (1860) Syn: Echites biflora Jacq. Habit : Climber. Habitat: Swampy and muddy places near the sea and mangrove swamps. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Princes Town. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Caroni River, Broadway 7479 (BM); Mayaro, Philcox & Gillies 8286 (K). Global range: Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, United States (Florida), Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Bolivia.

Sarcostemma clausum (Jacq.) Schult., Syst. Veg. 6: 114 (1820) Syn: Asclepias clausa Jacq. ; Asclepias viminalis Sw. ; Funastrum clausum (Jacq.) Schltr. ; Philibertia clausa (Jacq.) K.Schum. ; Sarcostemma brownei G.Mey. Habit : Climber. Habitat: Thickets, usually near the sea. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Oropuche Lagoon, Crueger s.n. (TRIN 2747). Global range: Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, United States (Florida), Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina.

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Stephanotis floribunda Brongn., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. sér. 2, 7: 30 (1837) Exotic.

Strophanthus gratus (Wall. & Hooker) Baill., Hist. Pl. 10: 171(1888) Exotic.

Strophanthus preussii Engl. & Pax, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 369 (1892) Exotic.

Tabernaemontana attenuata (Miers) Urban, Fedde, Repert. 13: 471 (1951) Syn: Anartia attenuata (Miers) Markgr. ; Bonafousia attenuata Miers Common name: Borache, Coco Cochon, Wild Jasmine. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forests. IUCN: NE. Star: GD. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Biche-Poole; Brasso Seco; Cumaca; Grande Riviere-Matelot ; Guanapo-Chaguaramal; Matura-Salybia; Rampanalgas-Toco; Tucker-Mt.Catherine. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 2: 50% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 22% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 1% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Arima-Blanchisseuse Road, near 10.5 m.p., Broadway 5640 (BM, BR, E, F, K, MO, UC); Aripo Road, Broadway s.n. (BM); Matura F.R., Philcox et al. 7329 (K, NY, P). Global range: Venezuela, Surinam, French Guiana.

Tabernaemontana citrifolia L., Sp. Pl. 1: 210 (1753) Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Pigeon Hill, Sandwith 1802 (K, NY, S, U). TRINIDAD: Without locality, Fendler 635 (BM). Global range: Bahamas, Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, French Guiana, Hawaii.

Tabernaemontana cymosa Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 14 (1760) Syn: Peschiera psychotriifolia (Kunth) Miers ; Tabernaemontana psychotrifolia Kunth Common name: Borache, Coco Cochon, Wild Jasmine. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forests in wet and dry districts. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: E Coast; TRINIDAD: Biche-Poole; Catshill-Basse Terre; Central Range; Longdenville-Talparo; Manzanilla-Fishing Pond; Matura-Salybia; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; Princes Town; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo; SW Icacos-Cedros; Southern Watershed; Tabaquite-Brickfield; Trinity Hills. NEL Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Grande Riviere-Matelot. RBS Vegetation Classes: (Sub-)Montane forest (Vegnum 2: 13% RBS samples); Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 5% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 30% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 28% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Maracas Bay, Richards & Simmonds s.n. (K, TRIN 15433, U); Mt. St. Benedict, Adams & Baker 313 (MO); Tabaquite, Britton et al. 2599 (GH); Pt. Radix, Ramcharan 381 (NY); South West Reserve, Swabey s.n. (K, TRIN 12361); Irois Forest, Baker s.n. (K, TRIN 14580). Global range: Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) R.Br. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 4: 427 (1819) Exotic.

Tabernaemontana oppositifolia (Spreng.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 493.(1910). Syn: Rauvolfia oppositifolia Spreng. Habit : Tree. Habitat: Lowland forest. IUCN: NE. Star:? RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: E Coast; Scarborough-Plymouth; TRINIDAD: Nariva; Rio Claro-Mayaro; Tabaquite-Brickfield. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 4: 4% RBS samples; Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 10% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Mt. St. George, Webster & Miller 9782 (TRIN 19206); Roxborough-Parletuvier, Williams s.n. (TRIN 11101); Louis d'Or, Baker s.n. (TRIN 14976). Global range: Greater Antilles. A possible a misidentification as this pecies is only recorded from Puerto Rico.

Tabernaemontana pandacaqui Lam., Tabl. 1: 299 (1792) Exotic.

Tabernaemontana undulata Vahl, Eclog. Am. 2: 20 (1798) Syn: Bonafousia undulata (Vahl) A.DC. Common name: Borache, Cashmere Bouquet, Rai de Mapipire, Roi de Mapipire, Wild Jasmine. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Semi-evergreen seasonal forest. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Arena-Cumuto; Arima Valley; Arima-Blanchisseuse Rd N; Aripo Heights; Brasso Seco; Longdenville-Talparo; Maracas-Tucuche; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; North Central Coast; P.O.S.-Santa Cruz. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 27% RBS samples; Vegnum 4: 7% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Maracas Valley, Britton & Hazen 1628 (GH, NY, US); Caura River Valley, Britton & Hazen 1206 (K); Arima, Purdie s.n. (K); Arima Valley, Riley 205 (BM, C, K, NY), Eastern Main Road, Broadway s.n. (BM); Valencia, Eggers 1159 (AMD, HBG, M, P, UC, W, WU, Z); Matura F.R., Philcox et al. 7330 (K, P); Cumuto, Broadway 6429 (BM). Global range: Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru.

CHECKLIST TO VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

Phytotaxa 250 (1) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 91

Tassadia obovata Decne., Prodr. 8: 579 (1844) Syn: Cynanchum trinitense (N.E.Br.) Woodson ; Decastelma trinitense N.E.Br. Habit : Climber. Habitat: Forests. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: NE Coast-Main Ridge F.R.; TRINIDAD: Arima Valley; Cumaca; Guanapo-Chaguaramal; Matura-Salybia; Mt.St.Benedict-Caura; Rampanalgas-Toco; Rio Claro-Mayaro; SW Erin-Guapo. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 3: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Arima, Dannouse s.n. (K, NY, TRIN 6419); Morne Bleu Trail, Johnson 1153 (BM); Cumuto woods, Broadway 5738 (BM, K). Global range: Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K.Schum. , in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfom. 4: 159 (1895) Syn: Thevetia neriifolia Juss. Common Name : Lucky Nut. Exotic.