Polypedilum

Saether, Ole A. & Oyewo, Emmanuel Adeoye, 2008, Keys, phylogenies and biogeography of Polypedilum subgenus Uresipedilum Oyewo et Saether (Diptera, Chironomidae), Zootaxa 1806, pp. 1-34 : 2-4

Polypedilum subgenus Uresipedilum Oyewo et Saether

Polypedilum subgenus Uresipedilum Sasa et Okazawa, 1991: 54 , nomen nudum. Polypedilum subgenus Uresipedilum Sasa et Kikuchi, 1995: 119 , nomen nudum. Polypedilum subgenus Uresipedilum Oyewo et Saether, 1998: 317 .

Type species: Chironomus convictus Walker, 1856: 161 [= Polypedilum convictum ].

Diagnostic characters and a complete diagnosis of all stages are given by Oyewo and Saether (1998). The included species with listing of known life stages, distribution and references are:

Polypedilum (Uresipedilum) acutulum Oyewo et Saether, 1998: 347 . Male. Ghana.

P. (U.) albicorpum Tokunaga, 1964: 594 . Male. Micronesia.

P. (U.) annulatum Freeman, 1954: 22 . Male. South Africa ( Freeman 1958: 295, pro parte, not P. (P.) annulatum Freeman, 1958: 295, pro parte (= P. (U.) praegnans Oyewo et Saether and P. (U.) harrisoni Oyewo et Saether ), not P. (P.) annulatum Harrison, 1996: 78 (= P. (U.) harrisoni Oyewo et Saether )).

P. (U.) aviceps Townes, 1945: 61 . Male, pupa, larva. Nearctic, Japan ( Sublette 1960: 208; Niitsuma 1992: 699; Sasa et al. 1988: 28; Maschwitz & Cook 2000: 45; Sasa & Suzuki 2001: 4, as P. (U.) chubetudeeum Sasa et Suzuki, 2001 syn. n.).

P. (U.) basilarum Zhang et Wang, 2004: 2 . Male. China (Tibet).

P. (U.) bingoparadoxum Kawai, Inoue et Imabayashi, 1998: 377 . Male. Japan.

P. (U.) breviplumosum Zhang et Wang, 2004: 5 . Male. China (Sichuan).

P. (U.) bullum Zhang et Wang, 2004: 7 . Male. China (Sichuan).

P. (U.) canum Freeman, 1959: 434 . Male. New Zealand.

P. (U.) cinctum Townes, 1945: 59 . Male. Nearctic ( Maschwitz & Cook 2000: 64).

P. (U.) convictum ( Walker, 1856: 161) . Male, pupa, larva. Widespread Palaearctic Region, Oriental China ( Pinder 1978: 136 fig.168b; Rossaro 1985: 22; Sasa & Kawai 1987: 30; Niitsuma 1992: 697; Oyewo & Saether 1998: 334; Wang 2000: 646; Zhang & Wang 2004: 9 ).

P. (U.) crassiglobum Zhang et Wang, 2004: 12 . Male. China (Guizhou).

P. (U.) cultellatum Goetghebuer, 1931: 212 . Male, female, pupa, larva. Widespread Holarctic Region, China inclusive Hainan and Tibet ( Brundin 1947: 64; Sublette 1960: 204, as P. subcultellatum Sublette ; Pinder 1978: 37; Sasa 1979: 19, 1980: 37,as P. ureshinoense ( Sasa) ; Sasa & Hasegawa 1983: 330; Rossaro 1985: 21; Niitsuma 1992: 696; Maschwitz & Cook 2000: 63; Wang 2000: 646; Zhang & Wang 2004: 14 ).

P. (U.) cumberi Freeman, 1959: 434 . Male. New Zealand.

P. (U.) dilatum Zhang et Wang, 2004: 17 . Male. China (Shanxi).

P. (U.) dossenudum Oyewo et Saether, 1998: 328 . Male, pupa, larva. Ghana, Uganda, D.R. Congo, Congo.

P. (U.) famideeum Sasa, 1996a: 52 . Male. Japan.

P. (U.) flavum ( Johannsen, 1905: 225) . Male, pupa, larva. Nearctic.

P. (U.) freemani Oyewo et Saether, 1998: 353 . Male. Sudan ( Freeman 1958: 292, pro parte).

P. (U.) ginzantertium Sasa et Suzuki, 1998: 15 . Male. Japan.

P. (U.) gladysae Oyewo et Saether, 1998: 351 . Male. Ghana, Tanzania.

P. (U.) harrisi Freeman, 1959: 433 . Male. New Zealand.

P. (U.) harrisoni Oyewo et Saether, 1998: 354 . Male. Sudan, Ghana ( Harrison 1996: 78, as P. annulatum Freeman ).

P. (U.) hiroshimaense Kawai et Sasa, 1985: 18 . Male. Japan.

P. (U.) infundibulum Zhang et Wang, 2004: 20 . Male. China (Hainan).

P. (U.) kakumense Oyewo et Saether, 1998: 346 . Male. Ghana.

P. (U.) kibatiense Goetghebuer, 1936: 487 . Male. D.R. Congo, Israel. ( Freeman 1955: 29, as P. stilatum Freeman ; Freeman 1958: 294).

P. (U.) lateralum Zhang et Wang, 2004: 22 . Male. China (Shanxi, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan).

P. (U.) lehmanni Oyewo et Saether, 1998: 336 . Male, pupa. D.R. Congo (Lehmann 1979: 57, as P. kibatiense Goetghebuer , pro parte).

P. (U.) marsafae Ghonaim, Ali et Osheibah, 2005: 225 . Male. Egypt.

P. (U.) medium Zhang et Wang, 2004: 24 . Male. China (Guanxi).

P. (U.) microzoster Sublette et Sasa, 1994: 43 . Male. Guatemala.

P. (U.) nuzesecundum Sasa, 1996b: 49 . Male. Japan.

P. (U.) obtusum Townes, 1945: 60 . Male, pupa, larva. USA.

P. (U.) oresitrophum ( Skuse, 1889: 247) . Male, pupa, larva. Australia.

P. (U.) paraviceps Niitsuma, 1992: 703 . Male, pupa, larva. Japan, China (Fujian), Russia (Far East) ( Zhang & Wang 2004: 26 ).

P. (U.) pedatum Townes, 1945: 55 . Male, pupa, larva. Nearctic, Japan ( Sublette 1960: 207; Sasa 1983: 15, as P. tamasemusi Sasa ; Grodhaus & Rotramel 1980: 69, as P. pedatum excelsius Townes ; Maschwitz & Cook 2000: 106).

P. (U.) plautum Oyewo et Saether, 1998: 342 . Male, pupa. South Africa, Tanzania, D.R. Congo (Lehmann 1981: 31, as P. convictum (Walker)) .

P. (U.) praegnans Oyewo et Saether, 1998: 353 . Male. Senegal, Egypt, D.R. Congo ( Freeman 1958: 295, as P. annulatum Freeman , pro parte).

P. (U.) prominens Zhang et Wang, 2004: 29 . Male. China (Fujian, Hainan, Guizhou).

P. (U.) pseudoconvictum Bidawid-Kafka, 1996: 200 . Male. Peru.

P. (U.) simantokeleum Sasa, Suzuki et Sakai, 1998: 59 . Male. Japan.

P. (U.) spinibojum Oyewo et Saether, 1998: 338 . Male. South Africa, Tanzania, D.R. Congo.

P. (U.) sulaceps Townes, 1945: 58 . Male. USA.

P. (U.) surugense Niitsuma, 1992: 700 . Male, pupa. Japan ( Zhang & Wang 2004: 31 ).

P. (U.) tamasemusi Sasa, 1983: 15 . Male. Japan.

P. (U.) tesfayi Harrison, 1996: 80 . Male, pupa,?larva. Ethiopia.

P. (U.) xuei Zhang et Wang, 2004: 33 . Male. China (Tibet).

Notes: The adults of P. (U.) flavum and P. (U.) convictum are very similar, leading Townes (1945) to erroneously synonymize the two. The immature stages of the two species are quite different. It is not known if the true P. (U.) convictum occurs in North America or P. (U.) flavum in Europe.

Polypedilum japonicum Tokunaga, 1938: 333 , from Japan has been placed in Uresipedilum by Makarchenko et al. (2000). It belongs, however, to the subgenus Tripodura .

Bidawid-Kafka (1996) described 3 Polypedilum species from Brazil with strong wing markings, P. s a l a - voni, P. sabbuhi , and P. s a l w i t i, which could belong to Uresipedilum . However, in addition to the wing markings the projection of the superior volsella apparently is placed apically or apicolateral, not apicomedian as in other species of Uresipedilum . The species appear better placed in Tripodura or in the apparently polyphyletic Polypedilum s. str.