Gynacantha Rambur, 1842

Mauffray, William F. & Tennessen, Kenneth J., 2019, A Catalogue and Historical Study of the Odonata of Ecuador, Zootaxa 4628 (1), pp. 1-265 : 117-120

Gynacantha Rambur, 1842

Gynacantha are large, predominantly brown amd/or green dragonflies ( Fig. 63 ) that are typically crepuscular. It is the most species-diverse genus of Aeshnidae in Ecuador, with 12 species recorded. The main reference for iden- tification is Williamson (1923a). Only a few species are commonly encountered. The nymphs develop rapidly in temporary forest pools, although at least one species occupies phytotelmata.

Gynacantha adela Martin, 1909 . Publ. Recs. ECU: Schmidt (1942), (H14); CR: * Campos (1922). Also ARG BOL, BRA, PER: (H06), (P11).

Addl. Data. SU, Shushufindi: 1 ♀, Limoncocha , 2 xi 1980, leg. MJW, det. WFM [FSCA]; ZC, Nangaritza : 1 paratype ♂, “Mayaicu”—as “ Morona-Santiago Province: Mayalico on Río Naganitza (-3.0592, -77.9956, 490m)” [corrected to Mayaicu, Río Nangaritza, (-4.0290, -78.6340, 900m), 27 xi 1941, leg. D. Laddey, det. CHK, rechecked by WFM [FSCA].

Gynacantha auricularis Martin, 1909 . Publ. Recs. ECU: * Paulson (1983), (H06), (P11), (H14). Also BOL, BRA CEN, GUF, GUY, PER, SUR, VEN: (H06), (P11).

Addl. Data. OR, Francisco de Orellana: 1 ♀, Yasuni Scientific Station, Río Tiputini , 39 km SE of Pompeya, 61 km ESE of Coca (-0.6741, -76.3974), date not provided; data provided by WAH & DLW; SU, Shushufindi: 1 ♀, Limoncocha, Río Napo (-0.4000, -76.6167, 269m), 13 v 1975, leg. B. Drummond III, det. MJW [FSCA]; 1 ♂, same data but forest trail, 10 i 1972, leg. D. Pearson, det. DRP [DRP]; 1 ♂, same data but 24 viii 1980, leg. & det. SWD [SWD]; 1 ♀, same data but 28 viii 1980 [SWD].

Gynacantha bifida Rambur, 1842 . Publ. Recs. ECU: (H14); CR: * Campos (1922), EO: * Campos (1922, 1927), GY: * Campos (1922). Plus ARG, BRA, PRY, PER, VEN: (P11); also COL: Palacino et al. (2017).

Addl. Data. GY, Balzar: 1 ♂, Batan (-1.17, -79.92, 64m), date?, leg. F. Campos, det. P. Calvert, checked by WFM [FSCA]; Guayaquil: 2 ♀♀, Guayaquil (-2.20, -79.90, 8m), date?, leg. F. Campos, det. P. Calvert [FSCA]; LR, Quevedo: 1 ♀, Quevedo, xi 1985, leg. & det.? [QZAC].

Gynacantha caudata Karsch, 1891 . Publ. Recs. ECU: *Karsch (1891— Type “ Ecuador ”), Campos (1922 —“pers. comm., Calvert”), Paulson (1983), Davies & Tobin (1984), Tsuda (1986, 1991), Bridges (1993), Steinmann (1997b), (H06), (P11), (H14); CR: Williamson (1923a). Also CEN: (H06), (P11).

Addl. Data. GY, Playas: 1 ♂, Playas (-2.63, -80.38, 6m), 20 iv 1938, leg.?, det.? [FSCA]; LR, Babahoyo: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Playas de Montalvo (-1.8167, -79.2833, 15m), 2 iv 1938, leg.?, det. CHK, from UMMZ [RWG]; 1 tan. pair, same data but [FSCA]; 2 ♂♂, Playas de Montalvo (-1.6833, -79.2833, 15m), 15 iv 1938, leg. WCM, det. CHK; data provided by RWG [UMMZ]; 1 ♀, same data but 16 iv 1938 [UMMZ]; MN, Flavio Alfaro : 1 ♂, small forested stream 0.5 km N of Chindul, 1 iii 2010, leg. & det. JJD [JJD]; OR, Francisco de Orellana: 1 ♂, P.N.Y., Yasuni Biological Research Sta. along trails and roads within 5 km of Res. Sta. (-0.6719, -76.3992, 244m), 1 ix 2000, leg. T. Emmel, det. KJT [FSCA].

Gynacantha gracilis ( Burmeister, 1839) . Publ. Recs. ECU: Hincks (1934), Paulson (1983), Tsuda (1986, 1991), (H06), (P11), (H14); OR: von Ellenrieder & Garrison (2011). Also ARG, BOL, BRA, CEN, GUF, GUY, PER, SUR, VEN: (H06), (P11).

Addl. Data. NA, Tena: 1 ♂, J.S.B.S., Pond #2, 14 xi 1991, leg. E. McCallie, det.? [USNM]; OR, Francisco de Orellana: 1 ♀, T. B.S., USFQ, Guacamayo trail between markers 450–2100 (-0.6350, -76.1533, 237m), 22 i 2009, leg. & det. RWG & NVE [NVE]; SU, Shushufindi: 1 ♂, Limoncocha, Río Napo (-0.4000, -76.6167, 269m), 5 xi 1980, leg. & det. MJW [FSCA]; 1 ♂, same data but forest trail, 27 vii 1971, leg. & det. D. Pearson [DRP]; 2 ♂♂, same data but 8 viii 1971 [DRP]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data but 26 viii 1971 [DRP]; 1 ♀, same data but 28 i 1972 [DRP]; 1 ♀, same data but 24 viii 1980, leg. & det. SWD [SWD].

Gynacantha interioris Williamson, 1923 . Publ. Recs. ECU: (H06), (P11), (H14); OR: *Daigle (1996), von Ellenrieder & Garrison (2011). Also BOL, BRA, PER, GUF, VEN: (H06), (P11).

Addl. Data. NA, Tena: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Río Chinchipino, 27 km E of Puerto Napo (-1.0728, -77.5864, 385m), 10 x 2009, leg. & det. KJT [FSCA]; 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, same data but leg. & det. JTJ [JTJ]; OR, Francisco de Orellana: 1 ♀, P.N.Y., ditch near Sci. Research Sta. (-0.6694, -76.3975, 229m), 9 vi 1995, leg. & det. KJT [KJT]; 1 ♀, same data but leg. & det. WFM [FSCA]; 1 ♂, same data but leg. & det. SWD [SWD]; 1 ♂, same data but 10 vi 1995, leg. & det. JJD [JJD]; 1 ♂, same data but leg. & det. KJT [KJT]; 1 ♂, same data but leg. & det. WFM [FSCA]; 1 ♂, same data but leg. & det. SWD [SWD]; 1 ♂, same data but 11 vi 1995 [SWD]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data but 17 vii 1996, leg. & det. KJT [KJT]; 1 ♂, same data but leg. & det. WFM [QZAC]; 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, same data but 18 vii 1996, leg. & det. JJD [JJD]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data but 15 xi 1997, leg. & det. KJT [KJT]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data but leg. & det. TWD [SWD]; 1 ♀, same data but 16 xi 1997 [SWD]; 1 ♂, same data but 17 xi 1997 [SWD]; SU, Shushufindi: 1 ♀, Limoncocha, Río Napo (-0.4000, -76.6167, 269m), 12 v 1975, leg. B. Drummond III, det. MJW [FSCA]; 1 ♀, same data but 24 viii 1980, leg. & det. SWD [FSCA]; 1 ♂, same data but 28 viii 1980 [SWD]; 1 ♂, same data but 2 xi 1980, leg. & det. MJW [FSCA].

Gynacantha litoralis Williamson, 1923 . Publ. Recs. ECU: Paulson (1983), (H14). Also: GUF, PER, SUR: (H06), (P11); plus BRA: (H06); and COL: (P16); and VEN: De Marmels (2016).

Addl. Data. OR, Francisco de Orellana: 1 ♀, P.N.Y., Yasuni Biological Research Station , grassy ditches, (- 0.6694, -76.3975, 229m), 16 ii 1997, leg. & det. WFM [FSCA]; SU, Shushufindi: 1 ♂, Limoncocha, Río Napo (-0.4000, -76.6167, 269m), 25 xi 1980, leg. & det. MJW [FSCA]; 1 ♂, same data but forest trail, 8 vii 1971, leg. D. Pearson, det. DRP [DRP]; 1 ♂, same data but 8 viii 1971 [DRP]; 1 ♂, same data but 22 viii 1971 [DRP]; 1 ♀, same data but 18 xii 1971 [DRP]; 1 ♂, same data but 24 vii 1977, leg. & det. DRP [DRP]; 1 ♂, same data but 23 viii 1980, leg. & det. SWD [SWD]; 1 ♂, same data but 28 viii 1980 [SWD]; 1 ♂, forest near Río Napo, S of Limoncocha (- 0.4203, -76.6108, 250m), 11 v 2009, leg. & det. KJT [FSCA].

Gynacantha membranalis Karsch, 1891 . Publ. Recs. ECU: Hincks (1934), Paulson (1983), Tsuda (1986, 1991), Steinmann (1997b), (H06), (P11), (H14); ES: Daigle et al. (1997); NA: Ris (1918); OR: von Ellenrieder & Garrison (2011); PA: * Calvert (1906). Also BOL, BRA, CEN, COL, GUF, GUY, PER, SUR, VEN: (H06), (P11); plus TTO: (P11).

Addl. Data. ES, San Lorenzo: 1 ♀, tiny pool near RR track, about 5 km N of Lita, 5 ii 1997, leg. & det. KJT [KJT]; MS, Morona: 1 ♂, Macas, “Oriente, Acc. 788”, (-2.30, -78.12, 1006m), date?, leg.? det.? [FSCA]; Taisha : 1 ♂, Macuma , forest trail (867m), 2 ii 1972, leg. D. Pearson, det. DRP [DRP]; NA, Tena, 1 ♂, J.S. B.S., near Tena , inside station (450m), 13 vi 1994, leg. A. Jaramillo, det. DRP [DRP]; 1 ♂, same data but 14 vi 1994 [DRP]; 1 ♀, same data but 22 vi 1994 [DRP]; 1 ♂, same data but 18 x 1988, leg. & det. SWD [SWD]; 1 ♀, Río Nushino , viii 1984, leg. Venodiocloff, det. JJD; OR, Francisco de Orellana: 1 ♂, T. B.S., USFQ, open grassy area behind dining room, surrounded by bushes and trees and some seepage areas (-0.6383, -76.1492, 220m), 10 i 2009, leg. & det. RWG & NVE [USFQ]; 2 ♂♂, T. B.S., USFQ, along Harpia trail, marker 350 (-0.6250, -76.1633, 228m), 18 i 2009, RWG & NVE [NVE, USFQ]; 1 ♀, Reserva Etnica Waorani, 500 m N of Onkonne Gare Camp , UV light (-0.63 - 76.60), 10 i 1994, leg. T. Erwin, det.? [USNM]; 1 ♀, same data but 31 i 1994, leg. R. Medina, det.? [USNM]; SU: Shushufindi: 1 ♂, Limoncocha, Río Napo (-0.4000, -76.6167, 269m), 5 ix 1972, leg. T. Emmel, det. MJW [FSCA]; 1 ♂, same data but 3–16 vi 1977, leg. P. Spangler, det.? [USNM]; 1 ♂, same data but 1972, leg. P. Kazan, det. SWD [SWD]; 1 ♂, same data but forest trail, 19 vii 1971, leg. D. Pearson, det. DRP [DRP]; 1 ♂, same data but 24 vii 1971 [DRP]; 1 ♂, same data but 27 vii 1971 [DRP]; 1 ♀, same data but 10 viii 1971 [DRP]; 1 ♂, same data but 26 viii 1971 [DRP]; 1 ♀, same data but 17 i 1972 [DRP]; 1 ♂, same data but 24 i 1972 [DRP]; 1 ♀, same data but 13 iii 1972 [DRP]; 3 ♂♂, trails, small streams 3 km W of Shushufindi, 2+ km N off Hwy . 26 at km marker 17 (-0.1664, -76.6917, 290m), 14 x 2009, leg. & det. KJT [FSCA, JTJ]; 1 ♂, La Selva Lodge ; forest (-0.4883, -76.3733, 200m), 22 xi 1997, leg. & det. TWD [SWD].

Gynacantha mexicana Selys, 1868 . Publ. Recs. ECU: Martin (1909, 1911), Maria (1938), Paulson (1983), Tsuda (1986, 1991), (H06), (P11), (H14); CR * Campos (1922), Williamson (1923a); EO: * Campos (1922, 1927); GY: * Campos (1922), Campos (1931); LR: Williamson (1923a). Also BRA, CEN, COL, GUF, GUY, PER, VEN: (H06), (P11); plus BOL, SUR: (H06); and TTO: (P11).

Addl. Data. GY, Naranjal: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Finca de la Gringa, 15 km E of Tres Cerritos (-2.4456, -79.5556, 25m), 11 iv 2008, leg. & det. KJT [KJT]; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, same data but 12 iv 2008, leg. & det. JTJ [JTJ]; 1 ♀, Guayaquil (-2.20, -79.90, 8m), date?, leg. F. Campos, det.? [FSCA]; LR, Montalvo: 1 ♀, small stream 1.8 km N of Hwy. 491, 25 km E of Babahoyo, 7 iii 2010, leg. & det. JJD [JJD].

Gynacantha nervosa Rambur, 1842 . Publ. Recs. ECU: Hincks (1934), Paulson (1983), Tsuda (1986, 1991), (H06), (P11), (H14); CR: * Campos (1922), Williamson (1923a); LR: Williamson (1923a). Also BOL, BRA, CEN, COL, GUF, GUY, SUR, VEN: (H06), (P11); plus PER: (H06), (P16); and TTO: (P11).

Addl. Data. EO, Piñas: 1 ♂, Buenaventura, Riachuelo 14 (-3.6868, -79.7438, 555m), 23 vi 2016, leg. S. Vil- lar, det. ACRP [ACRP]; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, same data but “casa” (-3.6542, -79.7682, 555m); ES, Esmeraldas: 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Hacienda Guinchele, 7.5 km E of Esmeraldas, 5 v 1963, leg. T. Hubbell & L. Pena, det. NVE, from CHK (NV, UMMZ]; Quininde: 1 ♀, Cupe (320m), 23 i 1982, leg. & det.? [QZAC]; GY, Guayaquil : 1 ♂, Guayaquil (-2.7333, -79.75, 17m), 20 iv 1963, leg. T. Hubbell & L. Pena, det. NVE [UMMZ]; 1 ♂, Guayaquil , leg. F. Campos, det. MJW [ANSP]; Naranjal : 8 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Cerro Mas Vale Fundaction Andrate (-2.40, -79.63, 15m), 13 xi 2001, leg. & det. F. Sibley [FSCA]; 5 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, same data but 14 xi 2001 [FSCA]; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, “Finca de la Gringa,” 15 km E of Tres Cerritos, near Cerro Cimalón (-2.4456, -79.5556, 25m), 11 iv 2008, leg. JTJ [JTJ]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data but 12 iv 2008, leg. & det. KJT [FSCA]; LR, Montalvo: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, small stream 1.8 km N of Hwy. 491, about 25 km E of Babahoyo (-1.8111, -79.3189, 60m), 12 iv 2008, leg. & det. KJT [KJT]; 1 ♂, same data but 7 iii 2010, [FSCA]; NA, Tena: 1 ♀, J.S. B.S., near Tena, inside forest (450m), 22 vi 1994, leg. A. Jaramillo, det. DRP [DRP]; OR, Francisco de Orellana: 1 ♀, Coca , iii 1988, leg. & det.? [QZAC]; SU, Lago Agrio: 1 ♀, Lago Agrio, at lights, 15 iv 1976, leg. A. Langley, det.? [USNM]; Shushufindi : 1 ♀, Limoncocha , forest trail, 12 i 1972, leg. D. Pearson, det. DRP [DRP].

Gynacantha tenuis Martin, 1909 . Publ. Recs. ECU: * Paulson (1983), (H06), (P11), (H14). Also BRA, GUF, GUY, PER, SUR, TTO, VEN: (H06), (P11); plus COL: (H06), (P11), (P&P); and BOL, CEN: (P11).

Addl. Data. NA, Tena: 1 ♂, Puerto Napo, 23 km E, J.S.B.S., 16 x 1988, leg. & det. SWD [SWD]; SU, Shushufindi : 1 ♂, Limoncocha, lake edge, 22 viii 1971, leg. D. Pearson, det. DRP, verified DRP [DRP].

Gynacantha tibiata Karsch, 1891 . Publ. Recs. ECU: *Karsch (1891c—type: “ Ecuador ” specimen lost), McLachlan (1896), Calvert (1906), Martin (1909, 1911), Campos (1922), Maria (1938), Paulson (1983), Tsuda (1991), Bridges (1993), Steinmann (1997b), (H06), (P11), (H14). Also CEN, PER, VEN: (H06), (P11).

Addl. Data. LR, Quevedo: 1 ♀, Quevedo, Río Palenque (-1.03, -79.43, 100m), 15 xi 1972, leg. D. Dodson, det. WFM [FSCA]; SD: 4 ♂♂, about 93 km SW Quito, Chiriboga Road , 9 vii 1990, leg. OSF, det.? [USNM]; 1 ♂, Tinalandia , 12 km E of Santo Domingo de los Colorados, streams S of river (-0.2839, -79.0500, 760m), 5 x 1988, leg. & det. SWD [SWD]. Two additional specimens are probably this species: NA, Tena: adult, J.S. B.S., Pond # 2, 20 xi 1991, leg. E. McCallie, det. SWD “ tibiata group” [USNM]; same data but J. S.B. S., Pond #1, 24 xi 1991.

Note: Williamson & Williamson (1930a) discussed the type of tibiata which was lost at that time, and stated that “the issue with the Ecuador specimen was not settled and additional specimens from Ecuador need to be collected.” The additional records presented here verify its existence in Ecuador.

Figures

FIGURE 63. Gynacantha nervosa ♂, ECUADOR, Guayas Province, “Finca de la Gringa,” 15 km E of Tres Cerritos, 12 iv 2008; photo K. J. Tennessen.