Psechrus pakawini, Bayer, 2012

Bayer, Steffen, 2012, The lace-sheet-weavers — a long story (Araneae: Psechridae: Psechrus), Zootaxa 3379 (1), pp. 1-170 : 80-82

Psechrus pakawini sp. nov.

Figs 41a–h , 42a–e , 85k , 88j , 91j

Type material: Holotype ♂ ( SB 140 ), THAILAND: Chiang Mai Province: Chiang Mai District, Doi Suthep , N 18°48'59'', E 98°53'34'', ca. 1600 m, mountainous rainforest; P. Schwendinger leg. 05.X.1993; MHNG ; Paratypes (4 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀, 1 s.a. ♀): 4 ♀♀ ( SB 197 , 199 : SMF; SB 198 , 200 : MHNG), THAILAND: Chiang Mai Province: Chiang Mai District, Doi Suthep-Pui National Park , Doi Pui, San Koo, 1450 m, evergreen rainforest, along a small trail to the summit; P. Dankittipakul leg. 27.I.2001; SMF & MHNG (see above) ; 1 ♂ ( SB 139 ), THAILAND: Chiang Mai Province: Fang District, Doi Angkhang , Ban Luang , ca. 1600 m; P. Schwendinger leg. 02.XI.1990; MHNG ; 1 ♂ ( SB 142 ), THAILAND: Chiang Mai Province: Fang District , Doi Angkhang , ca. 1500 m; P. Schwendinger leg. 30.X.1987; MHNG ; 4 ♀♀ ( SB 209–210 : MHNG, SB 213–214 : SMF), THAILAND: Chiang Mai Province: Fang District, Doi Angkhang, Royal Agricultural Research Station , ca. 1500 m, at a stream; P. Dankittipakul leg. 02.V.2002; MHNG & SMF (see above) ; 2 ♂ ( SB 146–147 ) , 1 ♀ ( SB 148 , actually subadult, but close to adult moult; adult epigyne already fully developed; could be dissected and examined), THAILAND: Chiang Mai Province: Chomthong District, Doi Inthanon, ca. 1700 m, rain forest; P. Schwendinger leg. 08.X.1987; MHNG .

Additional doubtful material examined. MYANMAR: Kachin Province: Namti, Loglai; 1945; Coll. J.E.S.; 1 ♀ ( SB 974 ), CAS 9032227 .

Etymology. The specific name is a patronym in honour of the collector of part of the type material, Pakawin Dankittipakul; noun (first name) in genitive case.

Diagnosis (see also diagnosis for himalayanus -group above). Males similar to P. ghecuanus in having a quite strongly sclerotised, semicircular extension apically on tegulum (T) (see asterisk in Fig. 39g ). Distinguished by the longer embolus (E) and conductor (C) (the former with proximal section depress, in ventral view) ( Figs 41a–c ). Moreover, E arising proximal to the arising point of C ( Fig. 41b ) or at the same level on T. Females similar to P. ghecuanus in shape of epigyne and vulva. Distinguished by the margins of lateral lobes (LL) almost 180° curved anteriorly and pointing posteriorly ( Figs 41e , 42c,e ) and by the longer copulatory ducts (should be viewed from frontal, Fig. 41h ) extending further medially.

Description. Male (measurements of holotype —largest male— first, those of paratype SB 139 —smallest— in parentheses):

Body and eye measurements. Carapace length 6.8 (3.9), carapace width 4.9 (2.8), anterior width of carapace 2.6 (1.6), opisthosoma length 7.8 (4.6), opisthosoma width 3.0 (1.7). Eyes: AME 0.35 (0.24), ALE 0.43 (0.30), PME 0.46 (0.32), PLE 0.44 (0.28), AME–AME 0.14 (0.12), AME–ALE 0.03 (0.04), PME–PME 0.16 (0.14), PME–PLE 0.28 (0.22), AME–PME 0.47 (0.38), ALE–PLE 0.34 (0.23), clypeus height at AME 0.68 (0.47), clypeus height at ALE 0.63 (0.46).

Cheliceral furrow with three promarginal and four retromarginal teeth.

Measurements of palp and legs. Leg formula: 1423. Palp 8.2 (5.2) [3.0 (1.9), 1.3 (0.8), 1.2 (0.8), 2.7 (1.7)], I 51.9 (38.1) [13.5 (10.5), 3.2 (1.9), 14.4 (10.6), 14.4 (10.2), 6.4 (4.9)], II 42.0 (28.0) [11.6 (9.0), 2.7 (1.4), 11.2 (7.7), 11.5 (7.0), 5.0 (3.9)], III 29.0 (19.5) [8.5 (5.7), 2.2 (1.3), 7.1 (4.9), 7.6 (4.9), 3.6 (2.7)], IV 42.2 (30.0) [12.1 (8.3), 2.5 (1.4), 10.4 (7.6), 11.7 (8.3), 5.5 (4.4)].

Spination. Palp: 131 (131), 110 (110, in both specimens prolateral spine very small), 1101 (1101, in both specimens all spines very small); legs: femur I 556 (556), II 556 (546) III 555 (545), IV 544 (545); patella I–IV 0000; tibia I 3038 (3038), II 3038 (4048), III–IV 3036 (3134); metatarsus I–III 3035 (3035), IV 3036 (3035).

Palpal femur without modification, broadest distally ( Fig. 41d ).

Copulatory organ (see also diagnosis and general description for himalayanus -group). Conductor fleshy, straight and distally in retrolateral section with longitudinal bending ( Figs 41b–c ). Sperm duct extending quite far proximally at T. Palpal tibia in lateral view short ( Fig. 41c ). Cymbium dorsally without scopula.

Female: Body and eye measurements. Carapace length 6.0–8.4, carapace width 4.3–6.1, anterior width of carapace 2.7–3.7, opisthosoma length 7.9–11.8, opisthosoma width 4.3–6.1. Eyes: AME 0.33–0.41, ALE 0.42–0.45, PME 0.46–0.48, PLE 0.41–0.48, AME–AME 0.18–0.26, AME–ALE 0.04–0.06, PME–PME 0.25–0.30, PME–PLE 0.36–0.39, AME–PME 0.48–0.63, ALE–PLE 0.41–0.51, clypeus height at AME 0.76–0.99, clypeus height at ALE 0.71–0.98.

Cheliceral furrow with three promarginal and four retromarginal teeth.

Measurements of palp and legs. Leg formula: 1423. Palp: 7.2–9.5 [2.3–3.4, 1.2–1.4, 1.3–1.6, 2.4–3.1]; Legs: I 33.7–45.7 [9.2–12.5, 2.6–3.5, 9.4–12.7, 8.2–11.7, 4.3–5.3], II 27.7–36.8 [7.9–10.2, 2.3–3.2, 7.3–9.7, 6.6–9.4, 3.6–4.3], III 19.4–26.1 [5.9–7.9, 1.7–2.4, 4.4–6.2, 4.8–6.4, 2.6–3.2], IV 27.7–37.2 [7.9–10.5, 2.0–3.0, 7.0–9.5, 6.9–9.6, 3.9–4.6]. Thus, legs in females, in relation to other Psechrus species , short: FEM-I+MTT-I/CL: 2.85–2.9.

Palpal claw with 12–14 teeth.

Spination. Palp: 131, 110, 1101, 1014; legs: femur I 566 (546), II 546 (545), III 545 (535), IV 544; patella I–IV 000; tibia I–II 3038, III 3034 (2024), IV 3036; metatarsus I–III 3035, IV 3035 (3033).

Copulatory organ (see also diagnosis and general description of himalayanus -group). Slit sense organs (SO) and epigynal muscle sigilla (EM) outside epigynal field (EF). Anterior to epigyne many slightly curved wrinkles ( Fig. 41e ).

Primordial copulatory organ. Pre-epigyne: Similar to P. ghecuanus . Distinguished by the absence of a pre-EF and by two fine ridges medially ( Fig. 42a ).

Pre-vulva: Similar to P. ghecuanus . Distinguished by the less developed pre-SH ( Fig. 42b ). It is difficult to discriminate pre-SH and pre-receptaculum in the s.a. ♀ of this species.

Colouration of male and female (see also description for himalayanus -group and Psechrus ). Median bands on carapace serrated. Lateral bands narrow (at most 2/3 diameter of PME) and serrated. Light longitudinal line ventrally on opisthosoma may be continuous, broken subdistally or constricted subdistally and medium-sized. If measured centrally on opisthosoma, its width is less than the width of one half of the cribellum (ca. 0.5–0.8 of one half of the cribellum).

Variation of copulatory organs. In males E and C may be a bit longer ( Fig. 85k ) than in holotype ( Fig. 41b ). Females: Distal parts of margins of LL extending differently far posteriorly ( Figs 41e , 42c,e , 88j ). MS in a few specimens slightly shorter ( Fig. 42c ). In vulva SH may be longer ( Fig. 41f , 91j ) or shorter ( Fig. 42d ).

Remark: The female specimen SB 974 from Kachin Prov., Myanmar slightly differs from the type specimens. Its spermathecae have a rather inhomogeneous shape (not illustrated). With further material from this region, especially males, it may be possible to provide a definite identification.

Distribution. Thailand ( Fig. 98 ).

Figures

FIGURES 39a–h. Psechrus ghecuanus, ♂ palp and palpal femur. a–d ♂ SB 780 from Thailand, Mae Hong Son Prov. e–f ♂ SB 36 from Laos, Luang Nam Tha Prov. g–h ♂ SB 207 from Thailand, Chiang Rai Prov. a–c, e–h ♂ palp (a prolateral, b, e, g ventral, c, f, h retrolateral view). d ♂ left palpal femur, retrolateral view. The asterisk indicates the quite strongly sclerotised, semicircular extension apically on tegulum.

FIGURES 41a–h. Psechrus pakawini sp. nov., from Thailand, Chiang Mai Prov. a–d ♂ holotype SB 140. e–h ♀ paratype SB 148. a–c ♂ palp (a prolateral, b ventral, c retrolateral view). d ♂ left palpal femur, retrolateral view. e Epigyne, ventral view. f Vulva, dorsal view. g Schematic course of internal duct system. h Vulva, frontal view.

FIGURES 42a–e. Psechrus pakawini sp. nov., from Thailand, Chiang Mai Prov., ♀ primordial and adult copulatory organ. a–b s.a. ♀ paratype SB 148, c–d ♀ paratype SB 197, e ♀ paratype SB 199. a Pre-epigyne, ventral view. b Pre-vulva, dorsal view. c, e Epigyne, ventral view. d Vulva, dorsal view.

FIGURES 85a–o. Psechrus spp., photos of left ♂ palp, ventral view (a, c–o) and retrolatero-ventral view (b). a P. ancoralis. b P.rani. c P.laos sp. nov. d P. antraeus. e P. khammouan. f P. steineri. g P. himalayanus. h P. marsyandi. i P. inflatus sp. nov. j P. ghecuanus. k P.pakawini sp. nov. l P. luangprabang. m P.demiror sp. nov.? n P. jaegeri sp. nov. o P.vivax sp. nov. a ♂ SB 321 from Laos, Luang Prabang Prov. b ♂ SB 122 from Vietnam, Lang Son Prov. c ♂ holotype SB 367 from Laos, Bolikhamsay Prov. d ♂ paratype SB 7 from Laos, Vientiane Prov. e ♂ SB 381 from Laos, Khammouan Prov. f ♂ paratype SB 64 from Laos, Khammouan Prov., Xe Bangfai cave system. g ♂ SB 17 from Nepal, Rapti Prov. h ♂ holotype SB 79 from Nepal, Gandaki Prov. i ♂ holotype SB 952 from China, Yunnan Prov. j ♂ SB 36 from Laos, Luang Nam Tha Prov. k ♂ paratype SB 142 from Thailand, Chiang Mai Prov. l ♂ SB 459 from Laos, Luang Nam Tha Prov. m ♂ SB 329 from “Indochina”. n ♂ paratype SB 302 from Laos, Champasak Prov. o ♂ holotype SB 367 from Thailand, Trat Prov., Koh Chang.

FIGURES 88a–o. Psechrus spp., photos of epigyne, ventral view. a P. ancoralis. b P.rani. c P.laos sp. nov. d P. antraeus. e P. khammouan. f P. steineri. g P. inflatus sp. nov. h P. himalayanus. i P. marsyandi. j P. pakawini sp. nov. k P. ghecuanus. l P. demiror sp. nov. m P. luangprabang. n P.jaegeri sp. nov. o P. vivax sp. nov. a ♀ SB 324 from Laos, Luang Prabang Prov. b ♀ SB 818 from China, Hongkong. c ♀ paratype SB 372 from Laos, Bolikhamsay Prov. d ♀ SB 294 from Laos, Vientiane Prov. e ♀ SB 382 from Laos, Khammouan Prov. f ♀ holotype SB 65 from Laos, Khammouan Prov., Xe Bangfai cave system. g ♀ paratype SB 961 from China, Yunnan Prov. h ♀ SB 607 from Bhutan, Timphu Prov. i ♀ paratype SB 227 from Nepal, Dhawalagiri Prov. j ♀ paratype SB 213 from Thailand, Chiang Mai Prov. k ♀ SB 39 from Laos, Luang Nam Tha Prov. l ♀ holotype SB 331 from “Indochina”. m ♀ SB 424 from Laos, Vientiane Prov. n ♀ paratype SB 300 from Laos, Champasak Prov. o ♀ paratype SB 366 from Thailand, Trat Prov., Koh Chang.

FIGURES 91a–o. Psechrus spp., photos of vulva, dorsal view. a P. ancoralis. b P. rani. c P.laos sp. nov. d P. antraeus. e P. khammouan. f P. steineri. g P. inflatus sp. nov. h P. himalayanus. i P. marsyandi. j P. pakawini sp. nov. k P. ghecuanus. l P. demiror sp. nov. m P. luangprabang. n P.jaegeri sp. nov. o P. vivax sp. nov. a ♀ SB 324 from Laos, Luang Prabang Prov. b ♀ SB 818 from China, Hongkong. c ♀ paratype SB 374 from Laos, Bolikhamsay Prov. d ♀ SB 294 from Laos, Vientiane Prov. e ♀ SB 382 from Laos, Khammouan Prov. f ♀ holotype SB 65 from Laos, Khammouan Prov., Xe Bangfai cave system. g ♀ paratype SB 951 from China, Yunnan Prov. h ♀ SB 988 from India, Uttarakhand Prov. i ♀ paratype SB 227 from Nepal, Dhawalagiri Prov. j ♀ paratype SB 214 from Thailand, Chiang Mai Prov. k ♀ SB 39 from Laos, Luang Nam Tha Prov. l ♀ holotype SB 331 from “Indochina”. m ♀ SB 424 from Laos, Vientiane Prov. n ♀ paratype SB 300 from Laos, Champasak Prov. o ♀ paratype SB 366 from Thailand, Trat Prov., Koh Chang.

FIGURE 98. Distribution of Psechrus in continental South East Asia. Symbols (unicoloured): species belonging to the himalayanus-group. Symbols (black, filled with light colour): species belonging to the ancoralis-group. Distribution of Psechrus in northern Vietnam, see Fig. 96. The distribution of P. demiror sp. nov. is unclear (see corresponding species description), hence the violet, unicoloured trapezes are depicted with question mark each.