Canthidium (Canthidium) orbiculatum (Lucas, 1857), revalidated name

Chamorro, William, Marin-Armijos, Diego, senjo, Angelico & Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z., 2019, Scarabaeinae dung beetles from Ecuador: a catalog, nomenclatural acts, and distribution records, ZooKeys 826, pp. 1-343 : 28-29

Canthidium (Canthidium) orbiculatum (Lucas, 1857), revalidated name Plates 9B, 55D, 56A

Choeridium orbiculatum Lucas, 1857: 103 (original description. Type locality: Sarayacu).

Choeridium orbiculatum : Gemminger and Harold 1869: 1006 (complete list of species); Gillet 1911a: 55 (complete list of species, synonym of Canthidium cupreum Blanch.); Blackwelder 1944: 205 (list of species of Latin America, cited as synonym of Canthidium cupreum Blanchard, 1843); Cupello 2018: 457 (cited as synonym of Canthidium cupreum Blanchard, 1846).

Canthidium (Canthidium) orbiculatum : Chamorro et al. 2018: 92 (cited for Ecuador).

Chaeridium cupreum Blanchard, 1846: 169 (original description. Type locality: province de Valle Grande [= Bolivia]).

Canthidium cupreum : Gemminger and Harold 1869: 1004 (transferred to the genus Canthidium Erichson, 1847. Complete list of species); Harold 1869d: 57 (cited for Bolivien [= Bolivia], comment); Gillet 1911a: 55 (complete list of species); Blackwelder 1944: 205 (list of species of Latin America); Vulcano and Pereira 1967: 595 (characters in key); Vaz-de-Mello 2000: 191 (cited as Canthidium cupreum (Blanchard, 1843), cited for Brazil); Medina et al. 2001: 137 (cited as Canthidium cupreum (Blanchard, 1843), cited for Colombia); Krajcik 2012: 62 (complete list of species); Ratcliffe et al. 2015: 196 (cited for Peru).

Canthidium (Eucanthidium) cupreum : Martínez and Halffter 1986: 31 (cited as Canthidium (Eucanthidium) cupreum (Blanchard), 1843. Cited for Argentina, Bolivia, and Brazil).

Canthidium (Canthidium) cupreum : Cupello 2018: 457 (transferred to the subgenus Canthidium (Canthidium) Erichson, 1847).

Canthidium aureolum Harold, 1867b: 83 (original description); Gemminger and Harold 1869: 1004 (complete list of species); Harold 1869d: 57 (synonym of Canthidium orbiculatum Lucas, 1857, comment); Gillet 1911a: 55 (complete list of species, cited as synonym of Canthidium cupreum Blanch.); Blackwelder 1944: 205 (list of species of Latin America, cited as synonym of Canthidium cupreum Blanch.); Cupello 2018: 457 (cited as synonym of Canthidium cupreum (Blanchard, 1846)).

Canthidium nitidum "Harold, 1867"a: 35 (original description); 1867b: 83 (synonym of Canthidium aureolum Harold, 1867b); Gemminger and Harold 1869: 1004 (complete list of species, cited as synonym of Canthidium aureolum Harold); Gillet 1911a: 55 (complete list of species, cited as synonym of Canthidium cupreum Blanch.); Blackwelder 1944: 205 (list of species of Latin America, cited as synonym of Canthidium cupreum Blanch.); Cupello 2018: 479 (cited as "nitidum Harold, 1867", name not available).

Type specimens.

Choeridium orbiculatum Lucas, 1857. The lectotype (♂) (here designated) and four paralectotypes are deposited at the MNHN. Locality: Pérou Rio. Ucayali, examined.

Lectotype (here designated) (♂): "10 / 47 [hw]", "Choeridium / orbiculatum, / Luc. [hw]", "Canthidium / Det. J. Huijbregts 198 [p]", “Pérou / Rio Ucayali / de Castelnau / 10 - 47 [hw]", "Choeridium / orbiculatum Lucas / syntype HI 1983 [hw, red label]", "C. orbiculatum / Lucas [hw, green label]", "LECTOTYPE ♂ / Choeridium / orbiculatum / Lucas / des. F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 2014 [hw and p, red label, black margin]".

Paralectotype (♂): "Choeridium / orbiculatum, / Luc. [hw]", "10 / 47 [hw]", “Pérou / Rio Ucayali / de Castelnau / 10 - 47 [hw]", "SYNTYPE [p, red label]", "PARALECTOTYPE / Choeridium ♂ / orbiculatum / Lucas / des. F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 2014 [hw and p, yellow label, black margin]".

Paralectotype (♀): “Pérou / Rio Ucayali / de Castelnau / 10 - 47 [hw]", "10 / 47 [hw]", "SYNTYPE [p, red label]", "PARALECTOTYPE / Choeridium ♀ / orbiculatum / Lucas / des. F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 2014 [hw and p, yellow label, black margin]".

Paralectotype (♂): “Pérou / Rio Ucayali / de Castelnau / 10 - 47 [hw]", "10 / 47 [hw]", "SYNTYPE [p, red label]", "PARALECTOTYPE / Choeridium ♂ / orbiculatum / Lucas / des. F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 2014 [hw and p, yellow label, black margin]".

Paralectotype (♀): "10 / 47 [hw]", “Pérou / Rio Ucayali / de Castelnau / 10 - 47 [hw]", "SYNTYPE [p, red label]", "PARALECTOTYPE / Choeridium ♀ / orbiculatum / Lucas / des. F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 2014 [hw and p, yellow label, black margin]".

Choeridium cupreum Blanchard, 1846. The lectotype (♂) (here designated) is deposited at the MNHN. Locality: Valle Grande, Santa Cruz. Examined.

Lectotype (here designated) (♂): "G3 14 / 84 [hw]", "MUSEUM PARIS / SANTA-CRUZ / (VALLE GRANDE) / D’Orbigny 1834 [p]", "C. Cupreum / Blanch. / Valle-Grande / M. D’Orbigny. [hw, green label]", "Choeridium / cupreum Blanchard /.J. Huijbregts 1983 det [hw and p]", "LECTOTYPE [p]", "LECTOTYPE ♂ / Choeridium / cupreum / Blanch. / des. F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 2014 [hw and p, red label, black margin]".

Canthidium aureolum Harold, 1867. Location of syntypes unknown, possibly deposited at the MNHN (ex coll. E Harold), (see Cupello 2018, 457). Not examined.

Canthidium nitidum Harold, 1867. Type material not examined.

Distribution.

Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

Records examined.

ORELLANA: Estación Científica Yasuní PUCE, Parque Nacional Yasuní, 220 m (5 specimens CEMT); Rodrigo Borja IAMOE (9 specimens CEMT). SUCUMBÍOS: Comunidad Cofanes Río Zábalo, 280 m (1 specimen CEMT); Limoncocha (1 specimen CEMT).

Temporal data.

Collected in February, May, June, July, August, September, October, and November.

Remarks.

Inhabits the lowland evergreen forests of the Amazon region from 220-390 m a.s.l. Collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces.

Lucas (1857) described the species Choeridium orbiculatum (type locality: de la mission de Sarayacu, Peru). Subsequently, Gillet (1911a) synonymized it, without any explanation, with Canthidium cupreum (Blanchard, 1846) (a species described from Bolivia, Valle Grande). However, upon examining the external morphology (specifically, punctation on pronotal disc, elytral microsculpture and dorsal coloration) of the type specimens of C. orbiculatum (lectotype ♂ here designated, deposited at the MNHN, Plate 55D) and C. cupreum (lectotype ♂ here designated, deposited at the MNHN, Plate 56A), we could confirm they belong to the two distinct species. Therefore, maintaining the specific name originally proposed by Lucas, we revalidate it as Canthidium (Canthidium) orbiculatum (Lucas, 1857). Two lectotypes (♂, with localities: Pérou [= Peru] Rio Ucayali and Valle Grande) are designated and illustrated here (Plate 55D and Plate 56A) in order to fix the name over a single name-bearing type.