Ipomoea squamosa Choisy in A.P. de Candolle

Wood, John R. I., Munoz-Rodriguez, Pablo, Williams, Bethany R. M. & Scotland, Robert W., 2020, A foundation monograph of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the New World, PhytoKeys 143, pp. 1-823 : 1

380. Ipomoea squamosa Choisy in A.P. de Candolle , Prodr. 9: 376. 1845. (Choisy 1845: 376)

Ipomoea morelii Duchass. & Walp. , Linnaea 23: 752. 1850. (Duchassaing and Walpers 1850-51: 752). Type. PANAMA. Duchassaing s.n. (lectotype P04066969, designated here).

Ipomoea squamosa var. petiolaris Meisn. in Martius et al. , Fl. Brasil. 7: 269. 1869. (Meisner 1869: 269). Type. BRAZIL. Bahia, Camamú, Martius 76 (holotype M0184961).

Convolvulus mattogrossensis Kuntze , Rev. Gen. 3 (2): 214. 1898. (Kuntze 1898: 214). Type. BRAZIL. Mato Grosso, Cáceres, Villa Maria, O. Kuntze s.n. (isotype NY00318923).

Ipomoea mattogrossensis (Kuntze) K. Schum. , Just’s Bot, Jahresber. 26: 383. 1900. (Schumann 1900: 383).

Ipomoea trinitensis Urban , Sym. Antill. 3 (2): 346. 1902. (Urban1902-3: 346). Type. TRINIDAD. Mount Pleasant, Finlay s.n. (presumed holotype TRIN2945).

Ipomoea callida House, Muhlenbergia , 3: 42. 1907. (House 1907b: 42). Type. HONDURAS. Puerto Sierra, P. Wilson 534 (holotype NY00319074).

Ipomoea wilsonii House, Muhlenbergia , 3: 42. 1907. (House 1907b: 42). Type. HONDURAS. Puerto Sierra, P. Wilson 530 (holotype NY00547076).

Ipomoea squamosa var. villosa Ooststr. , Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl. 30: 211. 1933. (Ooststroom 1933: 211). Type. PERU. Huánuco, A. Weberbauer 3635 (holotype B†).

Ipomoea vestalii Standl. , Contrib. Arnold Arbor. 5: 130. 1933. (Standley 1933: 130). Type. PANAMA. Barro Colorado Island, Shattuck 785 (holotype F0054904).

Type.

BRAZIL. Para, Martius 76 (lectotype M0184961, designated here).

Description.

Twining perennial herb or small liana, stems glabrous to thinly pubescent. Leaves petiolate, ovate, shortly acuminate, usually cordate with rounded to obtuse auricles, sometimes sagittate with acute auricles, glabrous except on the veins to subtomentose ( var. villosa ) on both surfaces, abaxially paler, prominently veined; petioles 3-6 (-12) cm, usually pubescent. Inflorescence of many-flowered pedunculate axillary cymes, the cymes often dense with shortly pedicellate, undeveloped flowers on the lateral branches; peduncles 4-12 cm, straight, usually pubescent; bracteoles 2-3 mm, ovate, caducous; secondary peduncles 4-16 mm; pedicels 4-15 mm, noticeably more slender than peduncles, glabrous; sepals unequal, glabrous, scarious-margined, accrescent in fruit, at anthesis outer 4-6 × 3-5 mm, obovate to suborbicular, obtuse, inner 7-10 × 5-8 mm, obovate to broadly elliptic, rounded, often nearly completely scarious; corolla 5.5-6.5 cm long, funnel-shaped, pink with dark centre, glabrous, limb 4.5 cm diam., undulate. Capsules 10-12 × 10-12 mm, broadly ovoid to subglobose, rostrate, glabrous; seeds woolly with long hairs.

Illustration.

Figure 184 ; Austin (1998: 402).

Distribution.

Widely distributed in the neotropics and characteristic of moist lowland forest from southern Mexico south to Bolivia and Brazil at around 16°S.

BRAZIL. Amapá: D.F. Austin et al. 6964 (NY). Amazonas: P. Acevedo-Rodríquez et al. 81659 (NY). Bahia: M.M. Arbo et al. 7175 (CTES, NY). Maranhão: G. Prance & Silva 58577 (NY, S). Mato Grosso: G. Prance et al. 26075 (NY). Minas Gerais: Ituiutaba, A. Macedo 773 (BM). Pará: C. Ferreira et al. 1339 (NY, MO). Roraima: G. Prance et al. 9242 (NY, S). Tocantins: G. Prance & Silva 58462 (NY).

FRENCH GUIANA. Kanuku Mountains, M.J. Jansen-Jacobs et al. 352 (P); Rapunini, M.J. Jansen-Jacobs et al. 3772 (P).

GUYANA. A.C. Smith 2464 (NY, P, S); A.S. Hitchcock 17584 (NY, S).

BOLIVIA. Beni: Cercado, Trinidad airport, M. Atahuachi et al. 1371, (BOLV). Cochabamba: P.N. Carrasco, Yanamayo, M. Zarate et al. 6417 (BOLV, USZ). La Paz: Iturralde, camino a Ixiamas, L. Vargas et al. 1327 (LPB, MO); Larecaja, Mapiri, O. Buchtien 1963 (US); 43 km from Guanay towards Mapiri, S.G. Beck 29480 (LPB, K) - var. villosa ; Sud Yungas, Río Bopi, C. White 625 (NY). Pando: Suárez, NW of Cobija, M. Mendoza & Rivadeneira 2598 p.p. (US, K). Santa Cruz: Ichilo, c. 1 km W of San Carlos J.R.I. Wood et al. 28293 (K, LPB, USZ); Velasco, 5-7 km S of Río Iténez and 15 km SE of Flor de Oro, M. Toledo 87 (NY, USZ); PNNKM; camino entre Los Fierros and Aserradero Moira, M. Saldias et al. 2907 (ARIZ, BOLV, MO, USZ).

PERU. Cusco: La Convención, Kiteni, W. Galiano et al. 6691 (MO, OXF). Loreto: Aguaitia, F. Woytkowski 34456 (F, S, USM); ibid., T. Croat 20842 (MO); Río Ucayali, H. Tuomisto & K. Ruokolainen 52 (USM). Pasco: Oxapampa, Panjil, D.N. Smith & R. Foster 2403 (MO, OXF). San Martín: Río Huallaga, G. Klug 4356 (BM, K, S); R. Ferreyra 7755 (USM).

ECUADOR. Napo: Est. Sacha, C.E. & M. Cerón 4595 (QCA). Orellana: Canton Joya de las Sachas, C. Montalvo & P. Paredes 483 (Q). Pastaza: Arajuno, E. Freire et al. 3463 (MO).

COLOMBIA. Amazonas: Río Putumayo con Río Igaraparana, R.E. Schultes 3991 (COL, K). Bolívar: Gambote, Dugand 3350 (COL). Cesar: Poponte, C. Allen 895 (MO). Chocó: C. Feddema 1909 (S); Baudó, Fuchs & Zanella 22278 (COL, K, MO, S). Córdoba: Monteria-Lorica, Franco 2167 (COL). Guaviare: San José de Guaviare, J. Cuatrecasas 7660 (COL). Meta: Río Guejar, Los Micos, J.M. Idrobo 1229 (COL).

VENEZUELA. Amazonas: Río Negro, B. Stergios & G. Aymard 7690 (MO). Apure: Muñoz, G. Aymard et al. 5685 (MO). Aragua: Tovar, A. Fendler 939 (K). Bolívar: R. Liesner & B. Holst 20132 (MO). Miranda: K.R. Robertson & D.F. Austin 215 (MO). Sucre: J. Steyermark et al. 121787 (MO).

PANAMA. Gamboa, H. Pittier 2601 (BM, US); Bocas del Toro, R.J. Hampshire & C. Whitefoord 670 (BM); Chagres, A. Fendler 242 (K).

COSTA RICA. El General, A.F. Skutch 4121 (K, S); Alajuela, Upala, M. Chavarria & N. Zamora 606 (K, MO); Puntarenas, Golfito, M. Chavarria & N. Zamora 680 (K, MO); Heredia, Cuenca del Sarapiquí, B. Hammel 20854 (F).

NICARAGUA. Atlántico Sur, El Recreo, D. Soza et al. 451 (MO); ibid., El Rama-Pearl Lagoon, W. D. Stevens 29213 (MO).

HONDURAS. Guamil, P.R. House 1822 (BM); Olancho, Las Marias-La Colonia, S. Blackmore & G.L. Heath 1650 (BM); Puerto Lempira, G.R. Proctor 38825 (BM); La Mosquitia, Mocorón, C. Nelson & E. Vargas 5055 (MO); Roatan Island, A. Molina 20647 (NY) - var. villosa .

EL SALVADOR. Cabañas, Illobasco, G. Davidse et al. 37099; Lago de Ninfas, Juayua, G. Davidse et al. 37458 (BM, MO); Sierra Apaneca, A. Molina & E. Montalvo 21789 (BM, F).

BELIZE. Temash River, W.A. Schipp 898 (BM, K, S); Stann Creek, D.R. Hunt 384 (BM).

GUATEMALA. Izabal, J.A. Steyermark 42036 (F).

MEXICO. Chiapas: E.W. Nelson 3499 (US). Guerrero: M.T. Germán et al. 257 (MO). Tampico, E. Palmer 509 (K). Veracruz: R.E. Gereau et al. 2188 (MO).

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. Santo Domingo city, E.L. Ekman H11170 (S). Apparently the only record fide Liogier (1994).

TRINIDAD. W.E. Broadway 7824 (NY).

Notes.

The unequal scarious-margined sepals distinguish this species from all similar species except Ipomoea cryptica with which it has been confused so not all collections named as I. squamosa in different herbaria have been accepted above. The two species are extraordinarily similar although not closely related. In Bolivia, the leaves of Ipomoea squamosa are always with a few hairs at least on the veins beneath, the corolla is slightly larger (5.5-6.5 cm in length) and the outer sepals are at least half the length of the inner sepals. The leaves of Ipomoea squamosa are commonly sagittate, which seems never to be the case with I. cryptica .

Although most specimens of Ipomoea squamosa are at most thinly pubescent, the occasional specimen with subtomentose leaves occurs. These can be recognised as var. villosa Ooststr.

Figures

Figure 184. Ipomoea squamosa. A habit B abaxial leaf surface C leaf (var. villosa) D abaxial leaf surface (var. villosa) E outer sepal F inner sepal G corolla opened out to show stamens H ovary and style J fruiting inflorescence K capsules L seed. Drawn by Rosemary Wise A, B, E-H, L from Hampshire & C. Whitefoord 670; C, D from Molina 20647; J Proctor 38825; K from Proctor 38839.