Laeocathaica potanini Moellendorff , 1899

Wu, Min, Shen, Wang & Chen, Zhong-Guang, 2023, Land snail diversity in central China: revision of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 (Gastropoda, Camaenidae), with descriptions of seven new species, ZooKeys 1154, pp. 49-147 : 49

Laeocathaica potanini Moellendorff, 1899

Figs 2A , 3 , 24C, D , 28 , 43C , 45A, B , 51

Laeocathaica potanini Möllendorff, 1899: 96, pl. 6, fig. 5; - Wiegmann 1900: 109, pl. 3, figs 98-100; - Gude 1902: 6; - Yen 1939: 149, pl. 15, fig. 38; - Yen 1942: 284; - Chen and Zhang 2004: 326, fig. 316; - Páll-Gergely et al. 2022: 70, fig. 23A, B.

Laeocathaica (Laeocathaica) potanini - Zilch 1968: 174; - Richardson 1983: 79.

Museum material.

SMF 9082, lectotype; Wenhsien, S-Gansu; Potanin 251, 587, 734, Slg. O. v. Möllendorff. SMF 9083, paratypes, three fms; Same data as lectotype. SMF 8960, paratype; Hungdan (= Hengdan) b. Wen-hsien, S-Gansu; ex Beresowski, Slg. O. v. Möllendorff .

New material.

HBUMM00633, many fma; 4 fma dissected; Yuxushan , Wenxian, Gansu Province, 1000 m a.s.l., near 32.957259°N, 104.689152°E, shrubs and slate, 1998-V-17, coll. Chen, D.-N. and Zhang, G.-Q. HBUMM00700, 5 fma and 2 juvs; Hejiaping [何家坪], Wenxian, Gansu Province, near 32.844062°N, 105.021857°E; 1998-IV-24, coll. Chen, D.-N. and Zhang, G.-Q. HBUMM05423, 4 juvs; hill foot of Yuxushan , Wenxian, Gansu Province; slate and shrubs, dry; 2006-IX-27, coll. Wu, M., Liu, J.-M., Zheng, W. and Gao, L.-H. HBUMM05427, many fma and fms; DNA voucher HBUMM05409. HBUMM05438, 4 fma, 7 fms, 7 juvs: Yuxushan , Wenxian, Gansu Province, 32.957259°N, 104.689152°E, shrubs and slate, 2006- IX-27, coll. Wu, M., Liu, J.-M., Zheng, W. and Gao, L.-H. HBUMM06483, Yuxushan , Wenxian, Gansu Province, 1070 m a.s.l., 32.959861°N, 104.678222°E; shrubs and slate; 2011-VIII-07, coll. Wu, M., Xu, Q. and Budha, P. (not dissected) ; DNA voucher HBUMM06482. HBUMM06520, 3 fms and 2 juvs; town of Wenxian , Gansu Province, 1024 m a.s.l., 32.941111°N, 104.668889°E; 2011-VIII-08, coll. Wu, M., Xu, Q. and Budha, P. HBUMM08427, slope near X496, Wenxian , Gansu Province, near 32.474345°N, 104.915976°E, on slope; 2019-X-13, coll. Li, Q.-M. (not dissected) ; DNA voucher HBUMM08427a. CZG202008-w1, 7 fms and many juvs, town of Wenxian , Gansu Province, 2020-VIII, coll. Chen, Z.-G.

Distribution.

Gansu: Wenxian (type locality).

Additional information of shell.

Granules on protoconch can only be unclearly and partially observed near suture because of erosion or weathering in adults. Granules are short (~ 20 µm long) on fine threads. Spiral grooves are absent throughout. On teleoconch whorls, fine threads are present between every two adjacent ribs.

General anatomy.

Eversible head wart present. Jaw arcuate, with five projecting ribs.

Anatomy of genital organs.

Penial sheath short, covering ~ 1/6 of penis. Penis tubular, somewhat expanded distally. Inside penis, ~ 5 low pilasters present proximally, another two high pilasters fusing into one Y-shaped fork at proximal 1/2. Fine pilasters on distal end of penis merging into ~ 4 thick folds. Vas deferens narrow throughout. Vagina between atrium and dart sac not elongated. Vagina between dart sac and insertion of bursa copulatrix duct ~ 1/2 length of dart sac. Dart sac ~ 1/2 length of penis. Love dart ~ 6 mm long, apically rhombic in cross-section, subsequently 2-bladed. Accessory sac small but externally distinguishable, internally solid, inserting into dart sac at middle part, opening to dart chamber. Mucous glands two (n = 3) or three (n = 1), each complicatedly branched. Proximal accessory sacs two, symmetrical, apically separated and ventrally touching, each distally with an opening leading to proximal dart chamber. Bursa copulatrix duct basally thick. Bursa copulatrix ovate, small.

Figures

Figure 2. A distribution map of all known species of Laeocathaica Moellendorff, 1899 except L. anceyi (Moellendorff in Ancey, 1889), L. hisanoi Pall-Gergely, 2022, and L. leucorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 whose precise localities are not known; white dots: the localities where no Laeocathaica species was ever found B distribution of the new species described in this paper, yellow dots: L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., green dot: L. zhengpingliui Wu, sp. nov., brown dots: L. parapolytyla Wu, sp. nov., white dot: L. qiminglii Wu, sp. nov., pink dot: L. cheni Wu, sp. nov., blue dots: L. qishilii Wu, sp. nov., orange dots: L. nordsiecki Wu, sp. nov. C distribution of L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870) (green dots), L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov. (yellow dots), and L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) D distribution of L. amdoana Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. distinguenda Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), and L. tropidorhaphe Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots) C equivalent to the larger box in (A), B, D equivalent to the smaller box in (A).

Figure 3. Distribution map of Laeocathaica dityla Moellendorff, 1899 (green dots), L. odophora Moellendorff, 1899 (pink dots), L. pewzowi Moellendorff, 1899 (white dots), L. phaeomphala Moellendorff, 1899 (blue dots), L. polytyla Moellendorff, 1899 (yellow dots), L. potanini Moellendorff, 1899 (red dots), and L. prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899 (orange dots). Range of the map is defined by the rectangle in the thumbnail.

Figure 24. A, B Laeocathaica polytyla Moellendorff, 1899 A SMF 9098, lectotype B HBUMM 05437 - spec. 1 C, D L. potanini Moellendorff, 1899 C SMF 9082, paratype D HBUMM 00633 - spec. 1.

Figure 28. Genital anatomy of Laeocathaica potanini Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00633 - spec. 1 A general view B-D right, apical, and ventral views of dart sac apparatus. Abbreviations: AS - accessory sac; At - atrium; BC - bursa copulatrix; BCD - bursa copulatrix duct; DS - dart sac; DtC - a chamber containing love dart; Ep - epiphallus; FO - free oviduct; MG - mucous glands; P - penis; PAS - proximal accessory sac; PR - penial retractor muscle; PS - penial sheath; Va - vagina; VD - vas deferens. Asterisk * indicates the opening of proximal accessory sac.

Figure 43. Internal view of penis A, B Laeocathaica polytyla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05437 - spec. 1 A general view B proximal penis C L. potanini Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00633 - spec. 1, general view D L. prionotropis Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05549 - spec. 1, general view E, F L. stenochone Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05495 - spec. 1 E general view F proximal penis G L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 08443 - spec. 2, general view. Arrows indicate the position where two penial internal pilasters fuse into one distal pilaster.

Figure 45. SEM micrographs A, B Laeocathaica potanini Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00633 A protoconch B teleoconch C, D L. dityla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 00698 C protoconch D teleoconch E, F L. qingchuanensis Wu, sp. nov., HBUMM 01179 a-spec. 6, paratype E protoconch F teleoconch G, H L. christinae (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 01251 a G protoconch H teleoconch I, J L. carinifera (H. Adams, 1870), HBUMM 04162 I protoconch J teleoconch K, L L. polytyla Moellendorff, 1899, HBUMM 05437 K protoconch L teleoconch.

Figure 51. Bayesian phylogram of camaenid species (for detail see in Table 1) based on the concatenated partial mitochondrial 16 S and partial ITS 2 sequences. The tree is rooted with Helix pomatia. Numbers near nodes indicating Bayesian posterior probabilities and Maximum-likelihood bootstrap values are given as BPP ⁄ BP. Black or orange part shows the topology where the result yielded by using Bayesian-Inference method agrees with that by using Maximum-likelihood method or not, respectively. An asterisk indicates the branch is exactly one third shortened in length. Scale bar is for substitutions per site.