Holoscolex fernandoi Hernández-García, Dos Santos, Rousseau & James, 2018

Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Burgos-Guerrero, Jesús Enrique, Santos, Bianca Tamires Silva Dos, Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier & James, Samuel Wooster, 2018, Three new species of Holoscolex (Clitellata, Glossoscolecidae) from the Gurupi Biological Reserve, last forest remnant of the Belém Endemism Area, Eastern Amazon, Zootaxa 4496 (1), pp. 459-471 : 464-467

Holoscolex fernandoi Hernández-García, Dos Santos, Rousseau & James , sp. nov.

( Figures 4 , 5 )

Holotype. MPEG.ANL 0 0 0 297 one adult, clitellate, entire. Gurupi Biological Reserve , logged primary forest, Centro Novo do Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil, 3°41'10.76"S 46°45'56.54"W, 158 masl. 28 March 2015, Hernández-García, L.M. & Rousseau G.X. colls.

Paratypes. MPEG.ANL 0 0 0 300 two adults, clitellate, entire; MPEG.ANL 0 0 0 298 two adults clitellate entire, same locality as holotype ; MPEG.ANL 0 0 0 304 two adults, clitellate, entire; MPEG.ANL 0 0 0 305 one adult, clitellate, entire; MPEG.ANL 0 0 0 306 one adult, clitellate, entire, Gurupi Biological Reserve , primary forest, Centro Novo do Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil, 3°41'24.87"S 46°45'12.96"W, 188 masl. 26 March 2015, Hernández-García, L.M. & Rousseau G.X. colls.

Other material. MPEG.ANL 0 0 0 299 one adult, clitellate, entire, Gurupi Biological Reserve, logged primary forest, Centro Novo do Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil, 3°41'20.33"S 46°46'1.16"W, 172 masl. 28 March 2015 ; MPEG.ANL 0 0 0 301 one adult, clitellate, entire; MPEG.ANL 0 0 0 302 one adult, clitellate, entire, Gurupi Biological Reserve , logged primary forest, Centro Novo do Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil, 3°40'59.74"S 46°46'1.48"W, 182 masl. 25 March 2015 ; MPEG.ANL 0 0 0 303 one adult, clitellate, entire, Gurupi Biological Reserve , logged primary forest, Centro Novo do Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil, 3°40'50.07"S 46°46'12.95"W, 154 masl. 24 March 2015, Hernández-García, L.M. & Rousseau G.X. colls.

Description. Dimensions: holotype 61 mm long and 4.0 mm wide at X, 3.0 mm at clitellum, 3.5 mm at XXX, 219 segments; paratypes 63–104 mm by 3–4 mm at X, 4–5 mm at clitellum and 3–4 mm at XXX, 154–206 segments. Body cylindrical and slightly flattened. Setae AB commence on III, CD visible after segment X. Setae widely paired throughout; setal formula aa:ab:bc:cd:dd = 1.6:1.0:0.8:0.5:2.2 at XXX, dd <1/2 circumference throughout. Prostomium prolobous. Unpigmented, clitellum milk-white color. Ovipores in B line on XIV, 1.2 mm apart. Two pairs of spermathecal pores in 7/8 and 8/9 on tumid lips at B line. Microscopical male pores open in 19/ 20 within B grooves and inside of tubercula pubertatis. Distance between male pores approximately 1.2 mm. Two tubercula pubertatis on each side, semi-globular and protruding, extended along AB line in XIX–XXII. Clitellum saddle in XVI–XXIV ( Fig. 4A ). Genital setae in A line of some segments of XIX–XXII, on papillae related to atrial glands ( Figs. 4B , 5 ). Those setae are almost 1mm in length with straight shape and with 4–5 serial furrows at apical part. Common postclitellar setae also straight, smooth, the dimension vary between 200 and 220 µm ( Fig. 4C ). Nephropores near B line, very small micro sphincters are present on body wall.

Septa 5/6 thin, 6/7–10/11 equally thick and muscular, septum 11/12 absent. Alimentary canal with a large cylindrical gizzard in VI; esophagus with high lamellae in radial pattern VII–IX, valvular in XII, intestinal origin XVI; typhlosole origin XVI, zig-zag shaped and with the ventral edge bent over to form pockets, simple lamina after XL–XLIX. Paired ovoid-shaped calciferous glands of composite-tubular type in XII, expanded in XIII, under seminal vesicles; blood vessels to glands include a large branch of dorsal vessel to approximate anterior region of each gland. Calcium carbonate reservoir ovoid-shaped ( Fig. 4D ). One pair of nephridia per segment; those of postclitellar area close to intestine and with nephrostome oriented ventrally ( Fig. 4F ); irregular loop opening into bladder; nephropore opening in body wall through micro-sphincters surrounded by semi-lunar valves. Vascular system with ventral trunk, single dorsal trunk, lateral vessels in VII–IX, latero-esophageal hearts in X, last pair (XI) enclosed in testis sacs. A thin supra-esophageal vessel seen in X, connected to hearts, approximately half as wide as latero-esophageal hearts, running dorsally along intestine, connected to very fine lateral blood vessel.

One pair of ovaries in XIII. Ovarian funnels at 13/14, duct opening in XIV on A line. Two pairs of spermathecae in VII and VIII ( Fig. 4E ), elongate spermathecal sacs, no differentiation of duct and ampulla, opening posterior at inter-segment 7/8–8/9 on B line. Male sexual system holandric, testes and funnels ventral in paired sacs in X and XI; medial to hearts of XI narrow tubes from sac connect to seminal vesicles. Two pairs of lobulated seminal vesicles in XI and XII, expanded in XIII and XIV. Vasa deferentia on body wall extend in B, entering body wall in 19/20. Atrial glands present on A line in XVIII–XXIV ( Fig. 4G , 5 ), with different patterns: two atrial glands in XVIII and one in XXII, two atrial glands in XXI and two in XXIII, two atrial glands in XX and one in XXII and finally, two atrial glands in XVIII and one in XIX and XXIV.

Etymology. The species is named in honor of Antonio Fernando Rocha, ranger of the Reserve where the earthworms were found.

Remarks. Holoscolex fernandoi sp. nov. is similar to Holoscolex nemorosus nemorosus Cognetti de Martiis, 1904

by the presence of two pairs of spermathecae, male pore in 19/20 and the length of the clitellum (8 segments).

Both species differ, however, in the following characters ( H. fernandoi sp. nov. vs H. nemorosus nemorosus ):

i) position of the spermathecae sacs in segment VII and VIII vs in VIII and IX; ii) tubercula pubertatis present

vs absent and iii) atrial glands present vs absent.

TABLE ·. Comparison of characters of Holoscolex species. L=bođy length [mm], D=bođy điameter [mm], S=segment number, ST=spermathecae, MP=male pores, CG=calciferous glanđs, IAG=intraclitellar atrial glanđs, TSF=testes anđ seminal funnels,?=No information available.

*Holotype anđ paratype amputees

Figures

FIGURE 4. Holoscolex fernandoi sp. nov. (holotype). A. Latero-ventral view of anterior region. a, A setae; b, B setae; c, C setae. B. Genital seta of papillae on right A line of XX. C. Common seta on right A line of XXX. D. Dorsal view of right calciferous gland. BV, blood vessel; G, glandular region; M, membranous region. E. Dorsal view of right spermathecae of VII and VIII. F. Lateral view of left post-clitellar nephidium. np, nephropore; npt, nephrostome; V, nepridium vesicle; Bd, bladder. G. Dorsal view of a left common atrial gland of XIX.

FIGURE 5. Different arrangements of atrial glands of Holoscolex fernandoi, schematic. AG, atrial glands.