Artines focus Evans, 1955

Medeiros, Adalberto Dantas De, Dolibaina, Diego Rodrigo, Carneiro, Eduardo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik & Casagrande, Mirna Martins, 2019, Taxonomic revision of Artines Godman, 1901 (Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae: Moncini) with the description of nine new species, Zootaxa 4614 (1), pp. 1-49 : 32-33

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scientific name	Artines focus Evans, 1955
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Artines focus Evans, 1955 View in CoL

Figs 16 View FIGURES 14–19 , 23 View FIGURES 21–26 , 38, 51, 63, 75, 80

Artines focus Evans, 1955 View in CoL . Cat. Amer. Hesp. 4, p. 107, pl. 60 (male gen.); [holo] type male, Roraima, British Guyana, H. Whiteley leg.; BM(NH). —Lamas*, 1981. Rev. Soc. Mex. Lep. 6: 37.— Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 44; 2, p. 3.— Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 70; 2, p. 5.—O. Mielke & Casagrande, 1992. Acta Amaz. 21: 199.—Lamas*, 1994, in Foster et al. RAP Working Papers 6: 175.— Bridges, 1994. Cat. Fam.-Group, Gen.-Group, Sp. Group Nam. Hesp. (Lep.) World 8, p. 84; 9, p. 6.—Robbins et al.*, 1996, in Wilson & Sandoval. Manu , p. 248.—O. Mielke & Casagrande, 1998, in Milliken & Ratter. Maracá , p. 477.— Garrouste, 2003, in Lacomme & Manil. Lép. Guyane, p. 141.—O. Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 62, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A.—O. Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 4, p. 833.—Garrouste, 2007, in Lacomme & Manil. Lép. Guyana 2, Rhop. 1, p. 64.

(no genus) focus View in CoL ; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 147.

Taxonomic history. Artines focus was described by Evans (1955) based in five males and five females from Guyana and Roraima, Pará (Santarém) and Pernambuco, Brazil. The other authors mentioned this species in taxonomic comments, faunistic studies and catalogs.

Diagnosis. Artines focus differs from the other species of the “ aquilina group” in the following combination of characters: ventral forewing without spot in CuA 2 –2A; uncus distally wide, with a ventral projection; aedeagus proximal portion narrow; opening of ejaculatory bulb separated from proximal margin of aedeagus by short distance; lamella postvaginalis without proximal plate, distal sclerotized plate without median notch on proximal margin and with distal margin approximately straight.

Redescription. Male ( Fig. 16 View FIGURES 14–19 A–B). Head: antenna with nudum bearing 12 to 13 segments.

Forewing length: 12–15 mm.

Dorsal forewing ( Fig. 16A View FIGURES 14–19 ): one to three apical spots, spot in R 3 –R 4, when present, represented by few scales; discal spots as in A. aquilina ; a white and yellow spot in CuA 2 –2A; brand with lower projection long, upper projection with narrow base and pointed apex ( Fig. 23 View FIGURES 21–26 ).

Ventral forewing ( Fig. 16B View FIGURES 14–19 ): costal area with weak violet aspect; three to four apical spots, spot in R 2 –R 3 not conspicuous and shifted to base; discal spots as on dorsal surface; submarginal band conspicuous and not contiguous in the middle of the cells; without spot in CuA 2 –2A.

Ventral hind wing ( Fig. 16B View FIGURES 14–19 ): apical portion of discal cell densely covered by orange scales; central black spot quadrate to rectangular; postdiscal band yellow, limited distally by not wavy margin.

Genitalia ( Figs 38 View FIGURES 38–39 A–M, 51): tegumen longer than wide, distally trapezoid from 1/2 of its extension ( Fig. 38C View FIGURES 38–39 ), in lateral view rectangular, dorsal margin strongly convex ( Fig. 38A View FIGURES 38–39 ). Saccus, in ventral view, narrower on proximal 1/2, anterior portion narrower than tegumen, proximal margin straight or convex ( Fig. 38B View FIGURES 38–39 ). Uncus with ventral projection, in dorsal view with base as wide as 1/2 width of tegumen, proximal 1/2 with lateral margin concave, distal 1/2 narrower, tip rounded to slightly bifid ( Fig. 38C View FIGURES 38–39 ), in lateral view, strongly curved ventrally ( Fig. 38A View FIGURES 38–39 ). Gnathos reaching distal 1/2 of uncus, arms parallel and slightly divergent at apex in ventral view ( Fig. 38D View FIGURES 38–39 ), tips slightly curved dorsally, directed to distal 1/2 of uncus ( Fig. 38A View FIGURES 38–39 ). Valva twice longer than wide; sacculus reduced; costa narrow and triangular, in dorsal view as in A. aquilina , however less projected inwards and separated from ampulla by short distance; harpe longer than 1/2 valva, uniformly narrower than in the other species of the group; ampulla as wide as 1/2 harpe, dorsally protruding; distal projection of the valva slightly curved inwards and dorsally ( Fig. 38 View FIGURES 38–39 E–F). Aedeagus narrower on proximal portion; opening of ejaculatory bulb ovoid and separated from proximal margin of aedeagus by short distance; ventral projection bifid, narrow at base, diverging at an angle less than 45 degrees and with distal portion asymmetrically bifid ( Fig. 38 View FIGURES 38–39 G–J). Cornutus with spines as setae from base to median portion of vesica ( Figs 38M View FIGURES 38–39 , 51 View FIGURES 49–53 ). Fultura inferior, in lateral view, widened distally ( Fig. 38L View FIGURES 38–39 ).

Female ( Fig. 16 View FIGURES 14–19 C–D). Forewing length: 14 mm. Similar to male.

Genitalia ( Figs 63 View FIGURES 61–65 A–B, 75): lamella antevaginalis narrow; lamella postvaginalis without proximal plate, distal plate sclerotized, without sclerotized median notch on proximal margin, distal margin approximately straight. Ostium on proximal 1/2 of sterigma; ductus bursae narrow.

Variation. Some specimens from Reserva Duque, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil and from French Guiana have vestigial spot in CuA 2 –2A on ventral forewing. The male genitalia of the specimens from French Guiana have uncus wider and ventral projection more developed, with distal end dilated ( Fig. 38D View FIGURES 38–39 ).

Comments. Artines focus is easily recognized for being the only species of the genus that has uncus with a ventral projection. It is sympatric with A. aepitus in the northern Amazon Rainforest, from which it can be easily differentiated by the broad discal spots on forewing and by the presence of brand in the males.

The record of Evans (1955) for Pernambuco, Brazil is probably from a mislabeled specimen.

Geographic distribution ( Fig. 80 View FIGURE 80 ). The species occurs in the Guiana Shield. VENEZUELA— Amazonas: Yavita. FRENCH GUIANA— Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni: Régina. Cayenne; Mitaraka ( Garrouste 2003, 2007). BRA- ZIL— Roraima: Alto Alegre, Pacaraima. Amazonas: Manaus.

References

Beattie, J. R. (1976) The Rhopalocera Directory. JB Indexes, Berkeley, xiv + 365 pp.

Bridges, C. A. (1983) Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae. Notes on species-group names. Vol. 1 - 5. Author, Urbana, Author, 277 pp. [2 pp., Vol. 1: 129 pp., Vol. 2: 41 pp., Vol. 3: 62 pp., Vol. 4: 30 pp., Vol. 5: 13 pp.]

Bridges, C. A. (1994) Catalogue of the family-group, genus-group and species-group names of the Hesperioidea (Lepidoptera) of the world. Vols. 1 - 13 & Apps. 1 - 3. Author, Urbana, 3. [11] + 598 pp. [11 pp., Vol. 1: 1 pp., Vol. 2: 1 pp., Vol. 3: 1 pp., Vol. 4: 36 pp., Vol. 5: 9 pp., Vol. 6: 20 pp., Vol. 7: 6 pp., Vol. 8: 246 pp., Vol. 9: 76 pp., Vol. 10: 90 pp., Vol. 11: 71 pp., Vol. 12: 28 pp., Vol. 13: 9 pp., App. 1: 1 pp., App. 2: 2 pp., App. 3: 1 pp.]

Evans, W. H. (1955) A Catalogue of the American Hesperiidae indicating the Classification and Nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part IV. Hesperiinae and Megathyminae. British Museum, London, 499 pp.

Garrouste, R. (2003) Premiere contribution entomologique a la connaissance de Tumuc-Humac-Les lepidopteres du Mitaraka. In: Lacomme, D. & Manil, L. (Eds.), Lepidopteres de Guyane. Lepidopteristes parisiense, Paris, pp. 139 - 142.

Mielke, O. H. H. & Casagrande, M. M. (1992) Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea e Hesperioidea coletados na Ilha de Maraca, Alto Alegre, Roraima, parte do Projeto Maraca, com uma lista complementar de Hesperiidae de Roraima. Acta Amazonica, Manaus, 21, 175 - 210. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 1809 - 43921991211210

Mielke, O. H. H. (2004) Hesperiidae. In: Lamas, G. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 4 A, Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea. In: Heppner, J. (Ed.), Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera 5 A. Scientific Publishers, Association for Tropical Lepidoptera, Gainesville, pp. 3 - 11 + 25 - 86.

Mielke, O. H. H. (2005) Catalogue of the American Hesperioidea: Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) 4. Hesperiinae 1. Adlerodea- Lychnuchus. Sociedade Brasileira de Zoologia, Curitiba. pp. 775 - 1055.

Figures

FIGURE 80. Geographic distribution of the “aquilina group” and “bipunctata group” species. The symbols with white inferior half represent records from literature.

FIGURES 14–19. Species of the “aquilina group” (14–18) and “bipunctata group” (19) in dorsal and ventral views. 14. Artines aquilina, A–B: male, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil (DZ 41.321), C–D: female from same locality of male (DZ 41.220). 15. Artines angelica sp. nov., A–B: holotype male, C–D: allotype female. 16. Artines focus, A–B: male, Ilha de Maracá, Alto Alegre, Roraima, Brazil (DZ 41.233), C–D: female, Pacaraima, Roraima, Brazil (DZ 41.333). 17. Artines cofus sp. nov., A–B: holotype male, C–D: allotype female. 18. Artines donia sp. nov., A–B: holotype male. 19. Artines bipunctata, A–B: male, Jardim Zoológico, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil (DZ 30.961), C–D: female, Córrego Bananal, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil (DZ 41.224). Scale bar = 1cm.

FIGURES 21–26. Male brands (no scales) on dorsal forewing of the “aquilina group” (21–25) and “bipunctata group” species (26). 21. Artines aquilina, Joinville, Santa catarina, Brazil, (DZ 41.341). 22. Artines angelica sp. nov., paratype, Fazenda Ter- rasse, Santa Luzia, Maranhão, Brazil (DZ 41.273) 23. Artines focus, Ilha de Maracá, Roraima, Brazil (DZ 41.233). 24. Artines cofus sp. nov., paratype, Santa Rosa do Purus, Acre, Brazil (DZ 41.303). 25. Artines donia sp. nov., paratype, Santa Rita do Araguaia, Goiás, Brazil (OM 66.000). 26. Artines bipunctata, Ponte Funda, Vianópilis, Goiás, Brazil (DZ 41.264). Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURES 38–39. Male genitalia of the “aquilina group” species. 38. Artines focus, Reserva Duque, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil (DZ 41.192). 39. Artines cofus sp. nov., paratype, Tambopata, Puerto Maldonado Madre de Díos, Peru (MUSM). For reference of the letters see legend of the figures 27 and 36. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURES 49–53. Ventral view of vesica and cornutus of the “aquilina group” species. 49. Artines aquilina. 50. Artines angelica sp. nov.. 51. Artines focus. 52. Artines cofus sp. nov.. 53. Artines donia sp. nov.. Scale bar = 0,2 mm.

FIGURES 61–65. Female genitalia of the “aquilina group” and “bipunctata group” species. 61. Artines aquilina, Cananéia, São Paulo, Brazil (OM 49.831). 62. Artines angelica sp. nov., paratype, Tambopata, Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Díos, Peru (DZ 41.222) 63. Artines focus, Pacaraima, Roraima, Brazil (DZ 41.333). 64. Artines cofus sp. nov. paratype, Tambopata, Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Díos, Peru (DZ 41. 293). 65. Artines bipunctata, Reserva IBGE, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil (DZ 41.165). For reference of the letters see legend of the figure 54. Scale bar = 1 mm.