Otoniela Brescovit, 1997

Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M., De Alvarenga, José Geraldo G. & Brescovit, Antonio D., 2023, On the Neotropical spider genus Otoniela Brescovit, 1997 (Araneae: Anyphaenidae, Anyphaeninae), with the description of six new species, Zootaxa 5383 (1), pp. 1-23 : 2-3

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5383.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7A1B3C63-D41A-4F5D-976D-BEE4B8B02ABE
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10390968
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CB4F87E5-996C-FFFA-278D-91533006F93A
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Otoniela Brescovit, 1997
status

Treatment

Otoniela Brescovit, 1997 View in CoL View at ENA

Otoniela Brescovit, 1997: 58 , 59 (type species by original designation: Otoniela adisi Brescovit, 1997: 60 ).

Diagnosis. Males of Otoniela resemble those of ( Anyphaenoides Berland, 1913 , Buckupiella Brescovit, 1997 , Iguarima Brescovit, 1997 , Jessica Brescovit, 1997 , Luppetiana Brescovit, 1997, Pipphuana Brescovit, 1997, Tafana Simon, 1903 , Thaloe Brescovit, 1993 and Wulfila O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895 ) by having a sclerotized ventral tegular projection (VTP) in the copulatory bulb (see Brescovit 1997). They differs by the VTP transversal, triangular with wide base ( Figs 1F View FIGURE 1 ; 3A, G, H View FIGURE 3 ; 4C View FIGURE 4 ; 5G, H View FIGURE 5 ; 6C, D View FIGURE 6 ; 7A, D View FIGURE 7 ) or pointed ( Figs 9C, D View FIGURE 9 ; 10G, H View FIGURE 10 ; 11C, D View FIGURE 11 ). The VTP is conical prolaterally inserted in Anyphaenoides (see Brescovit, 1997: fig. 94); basal, short in Buckupiella (see Brescovit, 1997: fig. 179); filiform ventrally inserted in Iguarima and Jessica (see Brescovit, 1997: figs. 79; 85); shell-shaped in Luppetiana (see Brescovit, 1997: fig. 157); long, pointed, prolaterally inserted in Pipphuana (see Brescovit, 1997: fig. 305); conical, inserted nearly median apophysis in Tafana (see Oliveira & Brescovit, 2021: figs 12A–C); slender in Thaloe (see Brescovit, 1997: fig. 44) and massive, elongated, medially inserted in Anyphaena and Wulfila (see Brescovit, 1997: figs 11; 16). Additionally, Otoniela males present a transversal oblique subtegulum, prominent in ventral view in the unexpanded palp, embolar basal apophysis short, with central furrow and spermatic duct retrolaterally shaped in a semicircle in ventral view ( Figs 1F View FIGURE 1 ; 3A, G, H View FIGURE 3 ; 4C View FIGURE 4 ; 5D, G View FIGURE 5 ; 6C View FIGURE 6 ; 7C View FIGURE 7 ; 9C View FIGURE 9 ; 10G View FIGURE 10 ; 11C View FIGURE 11 ). Females of Otoniela resemble those of Isigonia Simon, 1896 , Ilocomba Brescovit, 1997 and Buckupiella Brescovit, 1997 by the globous spermathecae, positioned in the anterior region of the vulva (see Brescovit 1997a, figs 119–120; 183) those of Xiruana Brescovit, 1997 by the presence of Bennett’s gland (see Ramírez 2014, fig 168D; Figs 3K, L View FIGURE 3 ). They differ by the epigynum with posterior semicircular lateral borders, the extremely short seminal receptacles, inserted basally in the spermathecae and by the absence of median septum in the epigynal plate ( Figs 1J View FIGURE 1 ; 3K, L View FIGURE 3 ; 4F View FIGURE 4 ; 5I, J View FIGURE 5 6G View FIGURE 6 ; 7G View FIGURE 7 ; 8C View FIGURE 8 ). The epigynal plate has a median septum in Xiruana (see Oliveira & Brescovit, 2015: fig. 2G); seminal receptacle inconspicuous and atrium extremely short in Isigonia (see Brescovit, 1997: figs 119, 120); an inconspicuous, short seminal receptacle in anterior region of the vulva in Ilocomba (see Brescovit, 1997: fig. 209); and a long, coiled copulatory ducts and separated spermathecae in Buckupiella (see Brescovit, 1997: figs 182, 183).

Description. See Brescovit (1997: 58–59). Complementary data: Carapace sub-oval, narrow in anterior region, and enlarged near coxae II–III, cephalic region moderately high ( Figs 1A, B View FIGURE 1 ; 4A, B View FIGURE 4 ; 6A View FIGURE 6 ; 7A, B View FIGURE 7 ). Eyes, in dorsal view, with anterior row slightly recurved and posterior row straight ( Figs 1A, B View FIGURE 1 , 4A, B View FIGURE 4 ; 6A View FIGURE 6 , 7A, B View FIGURE 7 ; 8A View FIGURE 8 , 9A, B View FIGURE 9 ). Chelicerae long and projected, with vertical length approximately half the length of the carapace in males, in females shorter, with a third of the carapace length. Basal condyle conspicuous accented ( Figs 1A, C View FIGURE 1 ; 4A View FIGURE 4 ; 6A View FIGURE 6 ; 7A View FIGURE 7 ; 9A View FIGURE 9 ) with median excavation ( Figs 1A, C View FIGURE 1 ; 5A View FIGURE 5 ) with 4–6 promarginal teeth and 4–7 retromarginal denticles ( Figs 2A, B View FIGURE 2 ; 5B, C View FIGURE 5 ; 10A View FIGURE 10 ) and base of fang with or without protuberance ( Figs 1A, C View FIGURE 1 ; 5A, B View FIGURE 5 ; 10A View FIGURE 10 ). Tibiae with four pairs of robust macrosetae in ventral view ( Figs 2G View FIGURE 2 ; 8B View FIGURE 8 ). Two rows of trichobothria with striated base on dorsum of the metatarsi and tarsi I–IV ( Fig. 2J View FIGURE 2 ). Tarsal organ teardrop-shaped, on the distal region of tarsus ( Fig. 2K View FIGURE 2 ), slit sensilla elongated on the tarsus ( Fig. 2L View FIGURE 2 ). Paired tarsal claws with 5–8 teeth ( Fig. 2H, I View FIGURE 2 ). Male palp: retrolateral patellar apophysis conical in retrolateral view ( Figs 1H View FIGURE 1 ; 3C–E View FIGURE 3 ; 4E View FIGURE 4 ; 5E, F View FIGURE 5 ; 6E View FIGURE 6 ; 7E View FIGURE 7 ; 9E View FIGURE 9 ; 10C–E View FIGURE 10 ); with basal lyriform organ ( Figs 3E View FIGURE 3 ; 5F View FIGURE 5 ; 10E View FIGURE 10 ); dorsal patellar apophysis short, unique or bifid ( Figs 1H View FIGURE 1 ; 3F View FIGURE 3 ; 5F View FIGURE 5 ; 10F View FIGURE 10 ); apical prolateral tibial apophysis short and conical ( Figs 1G View FIGURE 1 ; 3B View FIGURE 3 ; 5D View FIGURE 5 ; 6D View FIGURE 6 ; 7D View FIGURE 7 ; 9D View FIGURE 9 ; 10B View FIGURE 10 ; 11D View FIGURE 11 ); retrolateral tibial apophysis short with rounded apex and presenting constriction or furrow in the middle region ( Figs 3D View FIGURE 3 ; 5F View FIGURE 5 ; 10D View FIGURE 10 ); cymbium oval with or without robust macrosetae in prolatero-apical region ( Figs. 3A, G View FIGURE 3 ; 5D, G View FIGURE 5 ; 9D View FIGURE 9 ; 10G, H View FIGURE 10 ); petiole basally falciform ( Figs 1D, E View FIGURE 1 ); subtegulum basally striated, prominent, transversely positioned in prolateral region in the unexpanded palp ( Figs 1D, E View FIGURE 1 ; Brescovit 1997: figs 123, 124); tegulum with sclerotized ventral tegular projection with large base and tapered apex, inserted apically ( Figs 1F View FIGURE 1 ; 3G, E View FIGURE 3 ; 4C View FIGURE 4 ; 5H View FIGURE 5 ; 6C View FIGURE 6 ; 7C View FIGURE 7 ; 9C View FIGURE 9 ; 10G, H View FIGURE 10 ); median apophysis sclerotized, short, unique or bifid, with or without denticle in the middle region and with a curved apex ( Figs 3H, I View FIGURE 3 ; 5H View FIGURE 5 ; 10H View FIGURE 10 ); sperm duct presenting three or four loops in expanded palp ( Figs. 1D, E View FIGURE 1 ; see Brescovit 1997: figs 123, 124); unexpanded palp two loops in ventral view, forming a prolateral semicircle ( Figs 1F View FIGURE 1 ; 4C View FIGURE 4 ; 6C View FIGURE 6 ; 7C View FIGURE 7 ; 9C View FIGURE 9 ); embolus long ( Figs 10G, H View FIGURE 10 ) or short ( Figs. 3G–I View FIGURE 3 ; 5G, H View FIGURE 5 ), filiform and curved retro-apically ( Figs 1F View FIGURE 1 ; 3G–I View FIGURE 3 ; 5G, H View FIGURE 5 ; 6C View FIGURE 6 ; 7C View FIGURE 7 ; 10G, H View FIGURE 10 ); basal embolar apophysis, when present, short, conical or pointed. ( Figs 3G, H View FIGURE 3 ; 5G, H View FIGURE 5 ; 10G, H View FIGURE 10 ). Abdomen oval, tracheal spiracle curved in the middle of the abdomen in ventral view ( Fig. 8B View FIGURE 8 ); Spinnerets (only male of Otoniela adisi surveyed): anterior spinnerets bisegmented, with basal article large and distal article conical, with several piriform gland spigots and one ampullate glands spigot ( Fig. 2D View FIGURE 2 ); median spinnerets unsegmented, with several aciniform and ampullate gland spigots ( Fig. 2E View FIGURE 2 ); posterior spinnerets bisegmented with basal and distal articles cylindrical, one third longer than the others, with several aciniform gland spigots, without ampullate and cylindrical gland spigot ( Fig. 2F View FIGURE 2 ); colulus substituted by a cluster of 8–10 setae ( Fig. 2C View FIGURE 2 ). Epigynum without anterior hood ( Figs 1J View FIGURE 1 ; 4F View FIGURE 4 ; 6F View FIGURE 6 ; 7F View FIGURE 7 ; 8C View FIGURE 8 ; 9F View FIGURE 9 ; 10I View FIGURE 10 ), with short basal lateral borders, semicircular or inverted V-shaped ( Figs 1J View FIGURE 1 ; 4F View FIGURE 4 ; 6G View FIGURE 6 ; 7G View FIGURE 7 ; 8C View FIGURE 8 ; 9F View FIGURE 9 ; 10I View FIGURE 10 ), atrium short ( Figs 1J View FIGURE 1 ; 4F View FIGURE 4 ; 6G View FIGURE 6 ; 7G View FIGURE 7 ; 8C View FIGURE 8 ; 9F View FIGURE 9 ; 10I View FIGURE 10 ), copulatory openings inconspicuous ( Figs 1J View FIGURE 1 ; 4F View FIGURE 4 ; 6F View FIGURE 6 ; 7F View FIGURE 7 ; 8C View FIGURE 8 ; 9F View FIGURE 9 ; 10I View FIGURE 10 ). Internally with short, straight and curved copulatory ducts ( Figs 3J View FIGURE 3 ; 4G View FIGURE 4 ; 5I View FIGURE 5 ; 6H View FIGURE 6 ; 7H View FIGURE 7 ; 8D View FIGURE 8 ; 9G View FIGURE 9 ), short seminal receptacles near the spermathecae ( Figs 3J–L View FIGURE 3 ; 5J View FIGURE 5 ), globous spermathecae projected toward anterior region of the vulva, with Bennett’s gland in the basal portion of the spermathecae ( Figs 3J–L View FIGURE 3 ; 4G View FIGURE 4 ; 5I, J View FIGURE 5 ; 6H View FIGURE 6 ; 7H View FIGURE 7 ; 8D View FIGURE 8 ; 9G View FIGURE 9 ) and short fertilization ducts ( Figs. 3J View FIGURE 3 ; 5J View FIGURE 5 ; 6H View FIGURE 6 ; 7H View FIGURE 7 ; 8D View FIGURE 8 ; 9G View FIGURE 9 ).