Pristiapogonini new name Fraser, 2014

Mabuchi, Kohji, Fraser, Thomas H., Song, Hayeun, Azuma, Yoichiro & Nishida, Mutsumi, 2014, Revision of the systematics of the cardinalfishes (Percomorpha: Apogonidae) based on molecular analyses and comparative reevaluation of morphological characters, Zootaxa 3846 (2), pp. 151-203 : 184

Tribe Pristiapogonini new name Fraser & Mabuchi

Type genus Pristiapogon Klunzinger 1870

Diagnosis. Members of the Apogoninae : dorsal fin VI+I,9 or VII+I,9; anal fin II,8; head and body with ctenoid scales; pored lateral-line scales 23–25; preopercle ridge serrate, edges serrate; infraorbitals serrate; three supraneurals; supramaxilla absent; basisphenoid present; one pair of uroneurals or absent; three epurals; five free hypurals; parhypural separate; one or two supernumerary dorsal spines; caudal fin forked.

Other characteristics. first segmented fin-ray in second dorsal-fin branched, first anal-fin ray branched and segmented; ctenoid scales on predorsal, cheek, breast, two pelvic scales, and body; ctenoid scales on opercle and onto base of caudal fin; pored lateral-line scales with multiple pores; pectoral fin-rays 12–16; 9+8 segmented principal caudal rays, 15 branched, upper and lower unbranched; unbranched procurrent rays, longest segmented; teeth in one or multiple rows on premaxilla, dentary, vomer, palatine, all villiform or absent on palatine; six infraorbitals, bony shelf on third infraorbital; anterior ceratohyal smooth or notched; developed gill rakers 10–19; 10+14 vertebrae; 8 ribs; 8 epipleurals; low crest on PU2.

Distribution. Pristiapogon is wide spread from East Africa, Red Sea, Indian Ocean Islands, Indonesia, Philippines, Pacific islands to Hawaii, Japan, French Polynesia and Australia. One species of Pristicon Fraser 1972 is restricted to the West Pacific. Another species reaches out to some islands on the Pacific Plate. One species of Pristicon has been reported from the west coast of India, with a gap between India and Indonesia ( Suresh & Thomas 2007).

Remarks. This tribe contains two genera, Pristiapogon and Pristicon , corresponding to the clade VI in the molecular trees ( Figs. 2–6 , Table 4 ). Although bootstrap values supporting the tribe were not so high (62 and 56% BPs in ML and MP analyses, respectively), this tribe is morphologically well-defined: relatively large body with serrations on the preopercle ridge (a likely synapomorphy), edges and infraorbitals (a likely synapomorphy). Species of Pristiapogon usually have a darkish single stripe and/or a variable basicaudal spot while Pristicon have bars or saddles under the dorsal fins and spots at the base of the caudal fin or on the opercle.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic tree from the partitioned maximum-likelihood (ML) analysis. Numbers besides internal branches indicate bootstrap probabilities (BPs) from 1000 replicates (only those of> 50% shown). Species names of recent Ostorhinchus [we included here Apogonichthyoides melas as a possible Ostorhinchus, following Mabuchi et al. (2006)] were blue, those of Apogon sensu lato [genus Apogon in Fraser (1972)] excepting the Ostorhinchus red, and those of genus Rhabdamia in Fraser (1972) green. The names of the twelve major clades (clades I to XII) within the Apogoninae were indicated on the left of the corresponding clades. Four species, which phylogenetic positions were largely different among the ML, Bayesian (BA: Fig. 3), and most parsimonious (MP: Figs. 4 and 5) tress, were indicated by arrows with asterisks.

FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic tree (50% majority-rule consensus tree) from the partitioned Bayesian (BA) analysis. Numbers besides internal branches indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities (PPs: shown as percentages, only those of> 50% shown). Species names were colored as in Figure 2. The names of the twelve major clades were indicated as in Figure 2. Four species, which phylogenetic positions were largely different among the ML (Fig. 2), BA (Fig. 3), and most parsimonious (MP: Figs. 4 and 5) tress, were indicated by arrows with asterisks.

FIGURE 4. Strict consensus tree of two of the five most parsimonious (MP) trees (MP tree-A). Numbers besides internal branches indicate bootstrap probabilities (BPs) from 1000 replicates (only those of> 50% shown). Topological incongruity between the two MP trees denoted by an arrowhead. Four species, which phylogenetic positions were largely different among the ML (Fig. 2), BA (Fig. 3), and MP (Figs. 4 and 5) tress, were indicated by arrows with asterisks. Species names were colored as in Figure 2. The names of the twelve clades were indicated as in Figure 2.

FIGURE 5. Strict consensus tree of the remaining three of the five most parsimonious (MP) trees (MP tree-B). Topological incongruities between the three MP trees denoted by arrowheads. Four species, which phylogenetic positions were largely different among the ML (Fig. 2), BA (Fig. 3), and MP (Figs. 4 and 5) tress, were indicated by arrows with asterisks. This tree was largely different from the MP tree-A (Fig. 4) in the positions of Pterapogon kauderni and Vincentia novaehollandiae.

FIGURE 6. Strict consensus tree of the ML, BA and MP trees shown in Figures 2-5. Species names were colored as in Figures 2–5. The names of the twelve major clades (clades I to XII) within the Apogoninae were indicated besides the corresponding clades, while the names of the thirteen tribes (defined based on morphological characters) on the right of corresponding major and minor clades. The tribe Lepidamiini is not in the tree. Tribes with solid bars include species of Apogon sensu lato, and those with open bars do not include it. Geographic ranges were indicated on the right of the clades only for the species of clade II (Apogonini), all the other apogonids occurring on Indo-Pacific Basin. For the revised genus names of some species, see Appendix A.