Dicorynia paraensis Benth. var. macrophylla (Ducke) R.C. Koeppen (1967)

Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Torke, Benjamin Marland & Mansano, Vidal De Freitas, 2022, A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae), Phytotaxa 554 (1), pp. 1-31 : 26-27

Dicorynia paraensis Benth. var. macrophylla (Ducke) R.C. Koeppen (1967) Brittonia 19(1): 53

≡ Basionym: Dicorynia macrophylla Ducke (1932) Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. 2 4(6): 731. TYPE:— BRAZIL. Amazonas: “São Gabriel, Rio Negro, super silva paludosa secus igarapé Iria. Arbor magna, flor albis”, 2-XII-1929, Ducke, A. s.n. RB23321 (lectotype: RB!; Isolectotypes: K!, RB!, S!, US!). Designated by R. C. Koeppen (1967).

Trees up to 15–40 m tall. Leaves (20–) 28–42 (–45) cm long, leaflets (9–) 11 (–13), often pendent, terminal leaflets generally narrowly oblong, less commonly oblong, usually truncate to obtuse at base, rarely cordate, the abaxial face glabrous to slightly pubescent, papillate or not, sometimes with red or brown glandular trichomes, (7.5–) 11–15 (–18) × (3–) 4–6.5 (–7) cm, the length (2.1–) 2.5–3.5 (–3.7) times the width; petiolules with (3–) 6–8 (–10) mm long; axillary buds non deciduous, laterally oblong to elliptical, acuminate to obtuse at apex, more rarely orbicular, (4–) 6–7 × 3–4 (– 5) mm, commonly close to the leaf attachment point, 0.5– 1(–2) mm above it, sometimes pedunculate. Inflorescences ca. 17–32 (–45) × 9–20 cm, sericeous, golden to brown, rarely pilose, dark brown, secondary branches perpendicular to the central axis or ascending; indumentum of the external face of the sepals and petals golden to brown. Fruits (3–) 4–8.7 × 3–4.5 × 0.3–0.5 cm. (Figs. 6C-G; 6E–F; 7B; 8A–C).

Distribution, Habitat, and Ecology: — Dicorynia paraensis var. macrophylla has a broad geographical distribution, ranging in Brazil from eastern Pará to western Amazonas. The distribution also extends across the western border to Loreto Department in the Peruvian Amazon. This is the first published record of the genus in Peru ( Dávila , N. 1406). Macbride (1943), in the flora of Peru, mentions during the treatment of the genus Martiodendron that the occurrence of Dicorynia is unlikely in the country, and later mentions were not found. D. paraensis var. macrophylla occur, in the forests of Gurupá in Pará, in areas very close to the south of Amapá state, so that the occurrence of this variety in Amapá is not unlikely. The variety macrophylla distribution follows the Amazon River, and includes the lower portions of some of its major tributaries, including the Trombetas, Maués, Uatumã, Tefé, Juruá, and Ucayali Rivers. It appears to have a disjunct area of distribution in the upper Negro River basin, near São Gabriel da Cachoeira. It is the only variety of D. paraensis present across a large part of its distribution, and is the only one known to occur south of the Amazon River. Where its distribution overlaps with those of the other varieties, its exclusivity to terra firme forests helps to distinguish the taxon. It can be found more rarely in swampy areas, “várzea”, and “igapó” forests. It seems to be the tallest variety, with several specimens reaching 30-40m tall, which does not occur in D. paraensis var. paraensis and is very rare in D. paraensis var. uaupensis .

Etymology: —The epithet macrophylla comes from the Greek makros and phyllon, which means large leaf. The choosing of this name by Ducke is curious, since he described a few years earlier another species of the genus, Dicorynia ingens , which may have leaves and leaflets as large than or larger than D. paraensis var. macrophylla .

Phenology: —Flowering from November to January, more rarely from October to March; fruiting from February to May, more rarely from December to July.

Conservation: — Dicorynia paraensis var. macrophylla has an estimated EOO of 714,228 km and is assessed as Least Concern, with the same reservations mentioned for the status of the whole species.

Taxonomic Comments: —It can be distinguished from D. paraensis varieties paraensis and uaupensis by the generally larger leaf size, larger number of leaflets, axillary bud shape and size, and from the last variety also by petiole length. Differs from variety ingens in leaflet shape, larger petiolule length, and axillary bud shape and size. Finally, the variety macrophylla has a much stronger fidelity to “terra firme” forest habitats than the other varieties (Table 1), which occur more often in seasonally inundated forests.

Although there are some records that the leaflets in var. macrophylla are strongly pendent (example: Cardoso, D. 3397 HUEFS), there is at least one known exception for this character (Falcão, M. 90 RB), and the small number of photos of this variety in situ and the almost total lack of information about this characteristic (hanging leaves) on exsiccate labels makes it difficult to understand the real frequency of this character mentioned by Ducke (1948) for the variety.

Additional Specimens Examined:— Brazil.— AMAZONAS: Manaus: Parque 10 de novembro, 24-X-1955, Rodrigues, W. A. 2219 ( INPA); 11-XI-1969, Rodrigues, W. 8612 ( INPA; MO); 23-XII-1958, Coêlho, L. 6857 ( INPA; US); 14-II-1975, Prance, G. T. 23252 ( INPA; NY; US); Manaus , 19-XI-1935, Ducke, A. s.n. RB23322 ( NY; RB; US); Manaus, silva riparia infra cataractam minorens fluminis Tarumá , 8-I-1942, Ducke, A. 863 ( IAN; MG; NY; R; US); Manaus, rio Negro, igarapé Tarumã-Açú , igapó após a marina do Davi , 3°2’39”S 60°6’19”W, 16-VIII-2018, Falcão, M. J. 90 ( RB); Manaus, estrada do Aleixo , silva paludosa non inundabili secus rivulum, 19-XI-1935, Ducke, A. 82 ( MO; NY; R; US); Ponta Negra, baixo rio Negro , margem alagável do rio, solo arenoso e pedregoso, 12-II-1961, Rodrigues W. 2147 ( INPA; US); estrada Manaus-Itacoatiara , km 175, 4-VII-1968, Rodrigues, W. 8534 ( INPA); 21- X-1965, Rodrigues, W. 8144 ( INPA); km 79, 3-VIII-1968, Rodrigues, W. 8515 ( INPA); Reserva Florestal Ducke, Manaus-Itacoatiara , km 26, 2°53’S 59°58’W, 27-X-1995, Ribeiro, J. E. L. S. 1753 ( IAN; INPA; NY; RB); rio Maués, rio Urupadi above Repartimento Amazonas , 15-XI-1987, Kubitzki, K. 87-29 ( INPA); Presidente Figueiredo, Reserva Biológica de Uatumã , Cachoeira Jacaré, 11-XI-2009, Silva, M. C. R. 137 ( INPA); rio Uatumã, entre rios Pitinga e Uatumã , localidade Nazaré , 1- 2°S 59- 60°W, 18-III-1986, Cid Ferreira, C. A. 6787 ( INPA; K; NY; US); São Gabriel da Cachoeira, estrada Perimetral Norte, sentido marco da linha imaginária do Equador , Km 27, 0°3’36”S 66°58’24”W, 6- IV-2013, Cardoso, D. 3397 ( HUEFS; INPA); rio Negro , margem da Perimetral Norte, 12-III-1975, Ribeiro, B. G. S. 882 ( IAN; RB); Ribeiro, B. G. S. 895 ( IAN; RB); 11-III-1975, Pires, J. M. 15772 ( IAN); Silva, N. T. 3808 ( IAN); Silva, N. T. 3821 ( IAN); 8-III-1975, Pires, J. M. 15765 ( IAN); São Gabriel da Cachoeira , BR 307 , km 29, 0°0’55”S 66°55’31”W, 6-VII-2007, Souza , L. A. G. 40 ( INPA); rio Negro , São Gabriel, 8-III-1975, Silva, N. T. 3750 ( IAN); São Paulo de Olivença, rio Jandiatuba , 5-XII-1975, Pires, J. M. 4171 ( IAN; RB); São Paulo de Olivença, basin of creek Belem, 6- XII-1937, Krukoff, B. A. 8635 ( NY; P; US); 23-XII-1948, Fróes, R. L. 23802 ( IAN; RB; US); São Sebastião do Uatumã, igapó de topografia alta, situado as margens do rio Abacate , 2°10’35”N 58°43’7”W, 15-V-2016, Lobo, G. S. 5 ( INPA); Tefé, rio Curimitá de baixo, 10-VIII-1982, Sergio , P. 139 ( INPA); Tefé , Boa Vista, 31-VII-1981, Teixeira, P. S. 79 ( INPA); Tefé, Proj. Radam, região do rio Jutaí , 17-XI-1975, Rosa , N. A. 586 ( IAN); Tonantins, rio Tonantins, 15 min by motorboat upstream from confluence with rio Solimões , above Vila Velha , 2°53’S 67°50’W, 19-XI-1986, Daly, D. C. 4368 ( INPA; MG; NY; US); Tonantins, silva riparia fluvii Solimões in limine terrae non inundabilis, 4-XII-1940, Ducke, A. 1011 (IAN; MG; MO; NY; R; RB; US); PARÁ: Almeirim, Bom Lugar, 5-VII-1915, Ducke, A. s.n. RB11014 ( RB); Gurupá , 17-I-1917, Ducke, A. s.n. RB16696 ( MG; R; RB; US); rio Trombetas, Cachoeira Porteira, estrada Perimetral Norte , 1-XI-1995, Faria, S. M. 1072 (HSTM; RB); Peru.— LORETO: Prov. Requena, Pueblo Remoyacu, sobre Río Galvez , tributario del Río Yavarí , 5°27’18”S 73°20’77”W, 7-XI-2004, Dávila , N. 1406 (F).