Leptomorphus magnificus (Johannsen)

Borkent, Christopher J. & Wheeler, Terry A., 2012, Systematics and Phylogeny of Leptomorphus Curtis (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) 3549, Zootaxa 3549, pp. 1-117 : 41-43

19. Leptomorphus magnificus (Johannsen)

( Figures 21, 60, 86, 108, 145, 150, 154)

Diomonus magnificus Johannsen, 1910: 155 .

Leptomorphus subcaeruleus magnificus: Shaw, 1947: 157 .

Leptomorphus magnificus: Laffoon, 1965: 223 .

Leptomorphus (Diomonus) magnificus: Matile, 1977: 146 .

References: Johnson 1925: 80 (distribution: MA, NH); Shaw & Fisher 1952: 192 (key to species, NY); Laffoon 1965: 223 (catalogue); Cole & Schlinger 1969:120 (distribution: WA); Matile 1977: 146 (subgeneric placement); Poole and Gentili, 1996: 194 (catalogue).

DIAGNOSIS: The only extant species of Leptomorphus with R 4 that has a completely yellow/orange thorax and abdomen (though abdomen rarely darker on posterior two segments) and foretarsomere I at least 1.5X the length of foretibia.

This species is most easily confused with either the light form of L. nebulosus ( Fig. 27) or L. perplexus ( Fig. 32). It can be distinguished from the former by the lack of any dark markings on the scutum and the monochromatic antennae ( Fig. 21). It differs from the latter species by the brown head, the slightly concave R 5 wing vein ( Fig. 60, rather than sinusoidal, Fig. 69), the presence of wing spots, and the placement of the ocelli in a cluster more than their own diameter away from the eye margin.

DESCRIPTION: Male. ( Fig. 21) Head: dark brown to black, somewhat dorsoventrally compressed in anterior view. Antenna with basal half yellow, brown apically (some with completely brown); scape light to dark yellow, with yellow setae in single apical row extending from dorsum laterally into thick patch covering apicoventral process, basal third and entire medial surface bare, anterobasal patch of setulae present; pedicel light brown/yellow, with 3–4 large bristles, several setae on apicodorsal margin, none ventrally; flagellomere 1 with tapered base yellow remainder either yellow or brown; flagellomere 6 1.9X as long as broad. Clypeus yellow to light brown, circular, strongly protruding; bristles on clypeus brown, both strong, smaller bristles on entire surface, all directed ventrally, clypeus 1.5X as long as face. Face yellow to light brown; shape a slightly wider than tall triangle, covered with many strong bristles. Frons dark brown; bare, frontal furrow running 1/4 distance from dorsal margin towards ventral margin, frontal cleft initially running to lateral ocellus then barely in front of median ocellus. Palpus yellow (segments 4–5 lighter); segment 1 small but visible below eye, segments increasing in length, segment 5 subequal in length to segment 4 with even width from base to apex, segment 3 appears to have large lateral patch of fine yellow setae not clearly delimited. Labellum light brown. Eye with a number (in ~1/4 of the ommatidial junctions) of long inter-ommatidial setulae scattered on posterior half. Occiput dark brown with appressed, anteriorly directed setae. Ocelli in a straight line, space between ocelli 1–1.5X diameter of laterals, lateral ocelli 1.5X their own diameter from eye margin, ocellar triangle dark brown/black with electric blue green specks. Thorax: Length 2.03 ± 0.48 mm (1.64–2.46 mm, n = 10). Scutum yellow; surface of scutum covered with small setae; acrostichal setae absent; dorsocentral setae present as complete multiple lines of setae; multiple rows of lateral setae present; patch of setae on scutum at wing base present. Scutellum yellow; with 6–8 large bristles and many small bristles. Prescutum yellow. Mediotergite yellow with 18–24 bristles on posterolateral corners, absent. Laterotergite yellow; anterior margin of laterotergite not reaching katepisternum. Anepimeron yellow. Anepisternum yellow. Katepisternum yellow. Antepronotum and proepisternum yellow. Margin of anterior and posterior spiracles yellow with light brown trichia. Metepisternum yellow. Anapleural suture straight and clear. Halter stem yellow, knob light brown. Legs: principally yellow; extreme anteroapical corner dark brown on all femora. Midfemur with apical spine-like process. Tibia with covering of yellow macrotrichia, foretibia without comb of short setae along length of anteroventral surface ( Fig. 86), tibial spurs yellow, foretibial spur length 2X apical thickness of foretibia, midtibia with strong, dorsal, bare patch of even thickness for 4/5 of its length, placed centrally, shortest midtibial spur 0.75X length of longest, longest midtibial spur 3.5X apical thickness of midtibia, shortest hind tibial spur subequal to length of longest, longest hind tibial spur 3.5X apical thickness of hind tibia. Foreleg first tarsomere 1.3X length of foretibia. Wing ( Fig. 60): Length 7.7 ± 1.5 mm (6.6–9.1mm, n = 10). Hyaline; apical macula brown, only on anterior third of wing, beginning halfway along R 5 but not reaching wing tip; medial macula extending from Sc to stem of M 1+2 with some light brown in cell cua. Macrotrichia in all cells. Setae on basal posterior margin of wing (along base of cell a) all the same length. Calypter bare. Vein sc-r present, apical end joining R within its own length before or after origin of Rs. R 4 present. R 5 slightly concave for entire length. M 1 reaching apex before R 5, apices of M veins clearly reaching wing margin. M 4 -CuA fork arising before origin of r-m. A 2 faintly present as crease. Abdomen: Tergites yellow, hind margin of T3–6 dark orange. Tergite 8 smaller than all other abdominal sclerites and covered with many bristles. Genitalia ( Fig. 108): orangish yellow. Sternite 9 lightly sclerotized, rounded rectangle, 2/3 the length of T9 but wider than genitalia. Tergite 9 as wide as long, with basal half of lateral margins parallel, remainder tapering to rounded medial apex. Gonocoxite placed apically on T9, tapering to a point on apicolateral margin, medial margin not reaching medial line, bearing gonostylus basally. Gonostylus a single lobe tapering towards apex and bearing several setae, gonocoxite III associated with dorsal margin of gonostylus but not fused to it. Aedeagus 1.5X length of T9, tapering to middle and then bifurcated into two lateral sclerotized sickle-like hooks with serrated tips, apodemes sclerotized and 1/7 total length. Parameres a swollen lobe with apex covered in small spines, apodemes 1/4 length of parameres and strongly united with gonocoxal apodemes.

Female adult. As for male, except as follows. Thorax: Length 2.13 ± 0.62 mm (1.39–2.46mm, n = 10). Wing: Length 8.0 ± 1.1 mm (7.2–8.7 mm, n = 10). Legs: Midfemur without apical spine-like process. Abdomen: Cercus dark yellow.

Immatures: Unknown.

BIOLOGY: Unknown, though likely similar to that of L. nebulosus and L. subcaeruleus .

DISTRIBUTION: Mid-western Quebec and Ontario south to Georgia, and from Maine east to Indiana ( Fig. 145), 5–1160 masl .

DISCUSSION: None of the specimens (number unknown) from the three locations listed in the original description ( Johannsen 1910) were designated as the holotype. A lectotype is therefore designated even though labels indicating holotype etc. were present on the pins when donated to the CUIC (J. Liebherr, Pers. Comm.) .

As discussed below in the phylogeny section, the placement of Leptomorphus species in subgenera ( Matile 1977) is not supported by our phylogenetic results. This species is therefore removed from the subgenus Diomonus and placed solely in Leptomorphus .

MATERIAL EXAMINED: Lectotype: adult male, pinned, labelled “[ USA] Ithaca, N.Y.; [left margin with red stripe] ♂ HOLOTYPE / Diomonus / magnificus / Johannsen; [red label] HOLOTYPE / Cornell U./ No. 1969; LECTOTYPE ♂ / Leptomorphus magnificus / (Johannsen)/ Det. C.J. Borkent, 2012” [ CUIC]

Paralectotypes: [all with paralectotype labels by C.J. Borkent] labelled as for holotype except 1.vii, (1♀, labelled as allotype, CUIC); OH, Salineville (1♀, labelled as paratype, CUIC); MA, Mt. Greylock , 8.viii.[19]07, O. Bryant (1♂, labelled as cotype, MCZ (originally in the Boston Society of Natural History collection)) .

Other material: CANADA, ON, Algonquin Park, Swann Lake , 11–21.vii.1994, E. R. Barr. (1♂, DEBU) ; 15–31.vii.1994. (1♂, DEBU) ; Bala , 19.vii.1932, A.S. Walley. (1♀, CNC) ; Rondeau Park , 18.vii.1962, S.M. Clark. (1♀, CNC) ; Bruce Co., Little Cove , 4.ix.2004, S.A. Marshall. (1♂, DEBU) ; Elgin Co., Fingal Wildlife Management Area , 21.vi.1992, I. Carmichael. (1♂, CNC) ; QC, 2.3km SSW Rapide-Danseur , 28.v–30.vi.2007, A. Hibbert. (1♂, LEM) ; Mont St-Hilaire , 2–8.vii.2001, E. Fast. (1♂, LEM) ; 18–24.ix.2001. (3♂, LEM) ; 1–8.vii.2008, V. Levesque. (2♂, LEM) ; 14–21.vii.2008. (1♂, LEM) ; 21–28.vii.2008. (1♂, LEM) ; 22–29.vii.2008. (1♂, LEM) ; 24.vi–1.vii.2008. (1♂, LEM) ; 30.vi–7.vii.2008. (1♂, 1♀, LEM) ; Old Chelsea , 18.vii.1987, L. Masner. (1♀, CNC) ; Rougemont , 7–14.vii.2008, V. Levesque. (1♂, 1♀, LEM) ; 14–21.vii.2008. (1♂, LEM) ; 30.vi–7.vii.2008. (3♂, 2♀, LEM) ; Masham Twp., Duncan Lake , ix.1977, D.M. Wood. (1♀, CNC) ; 24–30.viii.2000. (1♂, LEM) ; USA, CT, Redding , 9.viii.1938, A.L. Melander. (1♀, USNM) ; GA, Union Co., Neels Gap , 21.vi.1967, G.W. Byers. (1♂, SEMC) ; IN, LaPorte Co., Michigan City (E. edge), 3.vii.1968, G.W. Byers. (1♂, SEMC) ; Owen Co., McCormick’s Cr., 26.vi.1950, G.W. Byers. (2♂, SEMC) ; Parke Co., Turkey Run St. Pk. , 10.vi.1951, G.W. Byers. (1♀, SEMC) ; MA, Montgomery , 24.viii.1896. (1♀, USNM) ; Petersham , vi.1941. (1♀, MCZ) ; ME, York Co., West Lebanon , 28.viii–3.ix.1990, D.W. Barry. (1♂, UNHC) ; NC, Highlands , 21.vi.1957, J. R. Vockeroth. (1♀, CNC) ; NH, Glen House , 19.vii.1915. (1♀, MCZ) ; Carr. Co., 1mi. N Wonalancet, E Fk., Spring Brk. , 18–31.x.1985, D.S. Chandler. (1♂, UNHC) ; 14–21.viii.1985. (2♂, UNHC) ; 22–28.viii.1985. (1♂, 1♀, UNHC) ; 18.ix–1.x.1985. (1♂, UNHC) ; 2.5mi. NW Wonalancet , 21–27.vi.1984, D.S. Chandler. (1♂, UNHC) ; 12–19.vii.1984. (4♂, 1♀, UNHC) ; 27.vii–1.viii.1984. (1♂, UNHC) ; 2–10.viii.1984. (1♂, UNHC) ; 11–16.viii.1984. (2♂, UNHC) ; 17–22.viii.1984. (2♂, UNHC) ; 23.viii–1.ix.1984. (3♂, UNHC) ; 2–17.ix.1984. (2♂, UNHC) ; 14–21.vi.1985. (1♂, UNHC) ; 11–17.vii.1985. (1♂, UNHC) ; 18–23.vii.1985. (1♂, UNHC) ; 24–30.vii.1985. (3♂, UNHC) ; 31.vii–6.viii.1985. (2♂, UNHC) ; Grafton Co., Bridgewater, Newfound Lk., Whitemore Pt. , 23–25.vii.1994, S.D. Gaimari. (1♂, CSCA) ; Rock. Co., 1mi. W Odiorne Pt. , 22–24.vi.1983, D.S. Chandler. (1♂, UNHC) ; Odiorne Pt , 16–20.ix.1983, D.S. Chandler. (1♂, UNHC) ; Straf Co., 1mi. SW Durham , 24.vii–6.viii.1987, D.S. Chandler. (1♂, UNHC) ; 30.ix.1987. (1♂, UNHC) ; 8.x.1990, W.J. Morse. (1♂, UNHC) ; 4mi. W Durham , 2–5.viii.1982, R.M. Reeves. (1♂, UNHC) ; Durham , 29.viii.1978, W.J. Morse. (1♂, UNHC) ; Spruce Hole , 3mi. SW Durham, 24.vii–6.viii.1987, D.S. Chandler. (1♂, UNHC) ; 15.x–4.xi.1987, D.S. Chandler. (1♂, UNHC) ; NY, Accord , viii.1959, F. Hough. (1♂, USNM) ; Beaver Creek, McLean Res. , 30.viii.1924. (1♀, CUIC) ; Hamburg , 8.ivi.1908, M.C. VanDuzee. (1♂, CAS) ; Irving , 30.vi.1918, M.C. VanDuzee. (1♂, CAS) ; Ithaca , 16.viii.1898. (1♀, CUIC) ; 2.vii.1915. (1♀, CUIC) ; 15.viii.1928, A.L. Melander. (1♀, ANSP) ; 17.ix.1936, H.K. Townes. (1♂, ANSP) ; O.A. Johannsen. (1♀, CUIC) ; S. Wales , 9.vii.1911, M.C. VanDuzee. (1♀, CAS) ; West Point , 4.ix.1927, W. Robinson. (1♂, 1♀, USNM) ; Albany Co., Huyck Preserve, Rensselaerville , 3.vii.1968, W.G., M.J. Eberhard. (3♂, MCZ) ; 9.vii.1968, W.G., M.J. Eberhard. (1♀, MCZ) ; Greene Co., Onteora Mt. , 26.vii.1929, L.O. Howard. (1♂, USNM) ; Greene Co., viii.1910. (1♀, CMNH) ; PA, Hazleton , 12.ix.1917, Dietz. (1♀, ANSP) ; Allegheny Co., Pittsburgh, Mt Troy , 18.vi.1970, J. Bauer. (1♂, CMNH) ; Centre Co., Bear Meadows , 11.ix.1979, P.H. Adler. (1♂, USNM) ; Forest Co., 5km SE Marienville , 22.ix.1993, J. Rawlins, W. Zanol. (2♂, SEMC) ; Warren Co., 2.2km NW Truemans , 12.vii.1994, M. Ricke. (3♂, CMNH) ; 12.vii.1994, M. Ricke. (1♂, SEMC) ; 4.6km ESE Donaldson, Tionesta Scenic Area , 27.ix.1994, W. Metheny. (2♂, CMNH) ; Westmor. Co. (1♂, CMNH) ; SC, Oconee Co., Coley Cr., 15–16.vi.1987, Hamilton; Hoffman. (1♂, CUAC) ; TN, Sevier Co., Twin Creeks , 31.vii–15.viii.2006, J. Gulbransen. (1♀, LEM) ; VT, Dorset , vii.1962, C. Parsons. (1?, MCZ) ; WV, Cheat River . (1♂, CMNH) .