Ipomoea hederacea Jacq.

Wood, John R. I., Munoz-Rodriguez, Pablo, Williams, Bethany R. M. & Scotland, Robert W., 2020, A foundation monograph of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the New World, PhytoKeys 143, pp. 1-823 : 1

237. Ipomoea hederacea Jacq. , Collectanea 1: 124. 1787. (Jacquin 1787: 124)

Convolvulus hederifolius Salisb. , Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 123. 1796. (Salisbury 1796: 123). Type. Based on Ipomoea hederacea Jacq.

Cleiemera hederacea (Jacq.) Raf. , Fl. Tellur. 4: 77. 1836 [pub. 1838]. (Rafinesque 1838a: 77).

Convolvulus hederaceus var. beta L., Sp. Pl. 154. 1753. (Linnaeus 1753: 154). Type. Icon in Dillenius, Hort. Eltham. 1: 98, t. 82, f. 94, designated by Shinners (1965).

Convolvulus hederaceus var. eta L., Sp. Pl. 154. 1753. (Linnaeus 1753: 154). Type. Icon in Dillenius, Hort. Eltham. 1: 96, t. 80, f. 92, designated by Shinners (1965).

Cleiemera hirsuta Raf. , Fl. Tellur. 4: 78. 1836 [pub. 1838] (Rafinesque 1838a: 78). Type. Based on Icon in Dillenius, Hort. Eltham. 1: 96, t. 80, f. 92.

Ipomoea barbata Roth , Catalecta Bot. 1: 37.1797. (Roth 1797: 37). Type. Grown from seed of unspecified origin (whereabouts unknown).

Pharbitis barbata (Roth) G. Don , Gen. Hist. 4: 263. 1838 (Don 1838: 263).

Ipomoea barbigera Sweet , Brit. Flow. Gard. 1: t. 86. 1823. (Sweet 1823-25: t. 86). Type. Icon, t. 86 in Sweet, Brit. Flow. Gard. 1, lectotype, designated here).

Pharbitis barbigera (Sweet) G. Don , Gen. Hist. 4: 262. 1838. (Don 1838: 262).

? Ipomoea avicularis Raf. , Fl. Ludov. 47. 1817. (Rafinesque 1817: 47). Type. Not specified.

? Ipomoea phymatodes Spreng. , Nov. Prov. 24. 1818. (Sprengel 1818: 24). Type. Not specified.

Ipomoea hederacea var. integriuscula A. Gray. Syn. Fl. N. Amer. , ed. 2: 2: 433. 1886. (Gray 1886: 433). Type. USA. Florida, St John’s River, A.H. Curtiss 2158 (holotype GH00054459, isotypes MO, NY, VT).

Ipomoea hederacea var. integrifolia Hallier f., Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst. Beih. 16: 42. 1899. (Hallier 1899a: 42), nom. illeg., non Ipomoea hederacea var. integrifolia C.B. Clarke (1883) . Type. Based on Dillenius, Hort. Eltham. 1: 98, t. 82, f. 94.

Ipomoea desertorum House , Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 18: 203. 1908. (House 1908b: 203). Type. UNITED STATES. Arizona, Tucson, Thornber 29 (holotype NY00319061).

Type.

Plant cultivated in Vienna Jacquin s.n. (lectotype W, designated by Austin et al. (2014: 167ff.).

Description.

Annual herb; stems twining, sparsely to densely pubescent. Leaves petiolate, 5-12 cm long and wide, usually 3(-5)-lobed, rarely entire, base cordate, apex acute to acuminate, both surfaces pubescent; petioles 3-12 cm, pubescent. Inflorescence of 1-3-flowered axillary cymes; peduncles 5-10 cm; bracteoles lanceolate to elliptic, 5-8 × 2-3 mm, persistent; pedicels 3-7 mm; sepals 12-18 × 4-5 mm, lanceolate, abruptly narrowed from a broad base, apex long acuminate, often recurved, densely pilose, especially near base; corolla 2-3.7 cm long, funnel-shaped, light blue with a whitish tube, limb 1.5-5.5 cm diam., shallowly lobed. Capsules depressed-globose, 8-12 mm, glabrous, enclosed by accrescent sepals; seeds up to 4, 4-4.5 mm, pyriform, dark brown, densely puberulent.

Illustration.

Figures 3G , 121B .

Distribution.

A common species of disturbed bushy places in temperate regions of the USA and Canada, which extends uncommonly into northern Mexico. There are many records from elsewhere in the Americas in different databases and in the literature (Austin and Huáman 1996, Nelson 2008, Austin et al. 2012, for example) but the only one we have traced is from Cuba. Most are errors for Ipomoea nil and others may be adventives but confirmation is required in each case. It is reported reliably as an adventive in Europe, for example Sell and Murrell 2009: 348.

MEXICO. Baja California Sur: Mesa del Potrero de San Javier, A. Carter 4985 (BM, MEXU, UC). Chiapas: Chicoasén, A. Reyes Garcia 887 (BM, MEXU). Sonora: T.R. Van Devender et al. 90-468B (ARIZ); H.S. Gentry 4733 (MEXU); A. Burquez & V.W. Steinmann 96-1366 (MEXU). Michoacán: Cerro El Águila, G. Cornejo Tenorio 3025 (K, MEXU). Oaxaca: San Juan Bautista Cuicatlán, J.I. Calzada 24613 (K, MEXU). Tamaulipas: Miquihuana, L.R. Standford et al. 793 (ARIZ).

UNITED STATES. Alabama: Mobile, M.G. Lelong 8176.2 USAM). Arizona: R. Felger et al. 02-318 (ARIZ); J. Tedford 06-253 (ARIZ). Arkansas: M. Stewart 88-144 (UARK). Delaware: R.C. Bauman 313 (K). Florida: A.H. Curtiss 2158 (MO, NY); Drummond (K). Georgia: L.E. Foote s.n. (GA). Illinois: G.H. French 2158 (K). Indiana: Posey Co., C. Deam 37698 (ALBC). Kansas: Bodin 1884 (S). Kentucky: G.W. Libby OB-563 (EKY). Louisiana: Assumption, E. Ewan 18902 (BM). Maryland: W.D. Longbottom 18334 (NY). Mississippi: Oktibbeha, M. Kirkpatrick 16 (MISSA). Missouri: Trusik et al. 9A (S), G. Yatskievich 14-43 (MO); Ozarks, Jefferson Co., P. Raven 27296 (BM, MO); G. Davidse 38553 (MO). New Mexico: R.D. Worthington 19948 (DES). New York: D.E. Atha 14192 (NY). North Carolina: Warsaw, D.L. Martin 185 (UNCC). Oklahoma: K.C. Bennett 2689 (KHD). South Carolina: Piedmont, Bio 453 (FMUH). Tennessee: Benton Co., T. Walker 16069 (TENN). Texas: Texar, W.R. Carr 21275 (TEX). Virginia: A.H. Curtiss s.n. [14/9/1872] (S).

CANADA. Ontario: fide Scoggan (1979: 1257).

CUBA. La Habana: S.A. Morales s.n. (HAC).

Notes.

Very similar to Ipomoea nil differing in the smaller corolla 2-3.7 (not 3.5-4.5) cm long and particularly the shorter sepals (12-18 (not 15-32) mm long) with abruptly narrowed, somewhat fleshy, obtuse tips which are usually recurved. As in Ipomoea nil the sepal base is accrescent and becomes even more strikingly ovate in fruit. The two species may intergrade.

Ipomoea phymatodes is cited in synonomy with doubt. It was compared with I. hederacea " carolina ", the flowers are said to be solitary and the root tuberous, which is wrong, but the exterior sepals described as “revolutis” seem correct. Likewise, I. avicularis is also cited in synonomy with doubt. Again no type was preserved and the protologue is inadequate to be certain of the species identity.

Some Specimens from Baja California Sur are intermediate with Ipomoea nil (E. Martinez & A. Ibarra 40654 (MEXU); A. Carter 4985, 5195 (MEXU) with short corolla but erect sepals.

Figures

Figure 3. Sepals of Ipomoea species. A I. pauciflora B I. bernoulliana C I. tentaculifera D I. hartwegii E I. murucoides F I. pantanalensis G I. hederacea H I. funis. Photographs of A (Harling et al. 15403) B (Standley 27496) C (Pringle 6702) D (Santos Martinez 2228 E (Pringle 6066) F (Pott 6399) G (McCarthy s. n.) H Andrieux 600 by John Baker.

Figure 121. Photographs of Ipomoea species. A I. indica B I. hederacea C I. pubescens D I. alba E I. purpurea (colour variants). A John Pink B Steven Turner C Darwin Initiative Project 162 / 11 / 010 D Tom Carruthers E Darwin Initiative Project 162 / 11 / 010.