Polynoncus chilensis ( Harold, 1872 )

Costa-Silva, Vinícius, Strümpher, Werner P., Thyssen, Patricia J. & Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z., 2024, Taxonomic revision of the South American genus Polynoncus Burmeister, 1876 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Trogidae), Journal of Natural History 58 (1 - 4), pp. 14-166 : 63-64

Polynoncus chilensis ( Harold, 1872)

( Figures 5h , 10 , 21 )

Trox chilensis Harold, 1872: 137 , 189 (original description); Preudhomme de Borre 1886: 70 (checklist); Arrow 1912: 54 (catalogue); Blackwelder 1944: 218 (checklist); Vaurie 1962: 137 (redescription)

Trox (Polynoncus) chilensis : Scholtz 1982: 16 (catalogue)

Polynoncus chilensis : Scholtz 1986a: 362 (systematics); Scholtz 1990: 1452 (redescription); Diéguez 2008: 16 (redescription); Gómez 2008: 517 (key to Argentinean species); Zidek 2013: 8 (checklist); Zidek 2017: 99 (checklist); Smith 2017: 92 (lectotype designated); Costa-Silva and Diéguez 2020: 271 (records from Argentina); Mondaca 2023: 209 (checklist from Chile)

Type specimen examined. LECTOTYPE. (♂ MNHN – Figure 21 ) First label [white, aged, Edgar von Harold’s handwriting]: ‘Chile’. Second label [white, aged, Edgar von Harold’s handwriting]: ‘chilensis / 25 Harold’. Third label [white, aged, with black frame, typeset]: ‘Ex Musaeo / E.Steinheil’. Fourth label [red, Patricia Vaurie’s handwriting]: ‘TYPE / Vaurie ‘61’. Fifth label [red with black frame, Andrew Smith’s handwriting]: ‘ TROX / CHILENSIS / Harold 1872 / LECTOTYPE / A.B.T. SMITH’. Sixth label [white with black frame, Andrew Smith’s handwriting]: ‘ POLYNONCUS / CHILENSIS / (HAROLD) ♂ / Det:A.B.T.Smith 2016’. Seventh label [white with black frame, printed]: ‘[QR code] / SCARABS OF / SOUTHERN / SOUTH AMERICA / SSSA3001567’ ( Figure 21e ). Type locality: ‘ Chile’, specific locality unknown. For additional details, see Smith (2017, p. 92).

Differential diagnosis. Polynoncus chilensis is very similar to Polynoncus mirabilis . It can be distinguished from the latter by the presence of a prominent humeral callus, covering the lateral margin of anterior angles of elytra ( Figure 5h ). The male genitalia of the two species are clearly distinct. For details of description and a complete differential diagnosis, see Pittino (1987, p. 391); Scholtz (1990, p. 1452) and Diéguez (2008, p. 16).

Geographic distribution. Polynoncus chilensis is known from central and southern Chile, and western Argentina ( Figure 10 ). These records match with the map presented by Scholtz (1990). Costa-Silva and Diéguez (2020) provide additional records from Argentina.

Examined non-type material (38 specimens). ARGENTINA: Neuquén, Isla Victoria , 40.950°S, 71.550°W, 29 January 2001, J . Paritsis leg . (1 MNNC). Rio Negro, Arroyo Torrontegui, Lago Gutiérrez , 840 m, 23–31 January 2000, V .M . Diéguez leg . (1♀ CVMD) . CHILE: Araucanía (IX Region), Curacautin, Cuesta Las Raíces , December 1999, Alfredo Ugarte leg . (1 CVMD); Malleco, Laguna María Jesús , January 1980, J . Philippi leg . (2 MNNC); without specific locality, date or collector (1 MNNC). Bío-Bío (VIII Region), Alto Cayucupil, Cordillera de Nahuelbuta , 23–31 January 1997, V .M . Diéguez leg . (1 CVMD); Alto Cayucupil, Cordillera de Nahuelbuta , 25–31 January 1997, V .M . Diéguez leg . (2 CVMD); Chillan, Las Trancas , December 1987, P . Gerlach leg . (1♀ CVMD); Pemuco, Fundo Santa Amelia , 15 February 2009, S . Anguita leg . (1♂ and 1 unsexed CVMD); Alto Cayucupil, Cordillera de Nahuelbuta , 8–13 March 1998, Danilo Escobar leg . (1♂ CVMD) . Los Lagos (X Region), Maullin 5 km N, 41.616°S, 73.600°W, 23 November 1990, ground traps, Endrödy-Younga leg . (2 TMSA); Osorno, Fundo Porvenir , 13 March 1982, D . Jackson leg . (2♂ CVMD) . Los Rios (XIV Region), Puyehue Vulcón , 260 m, 40.633°S, 72.200°W, 18 November 1990, Endrödy-Younga leg . (8 SAMC); Valdivia , 10 September 1986, Ernesto Krahmer G leg . (1♂ CVMD); Valdivia , September 1986, E . Krammer leg . (1♂ CEMT); Valdivia , September 1986, Ernesto Krahmer G leg . (2 CVMD); Valdivia , September 1986,L . Peña leg . (1♂ JZPC); Valdivia, no date or collector (1 MNNC); Valdivia, Punta Galera (near to Corral ), 10 July 1995, José Mondaca leg . (1 CVMD); Valdivia, Santo Domingo , 23 September 1990, E . Krahmer leg . (1♀ CEMT) . O’Higgins (VI Region), Navidad , El Maitén, 4 September 2010, C . Fortino leg . (1♀ CVMD) . Santiago (Metropolitan region), Melipilla , 15 July 2009, ultraviolet light trap, P . Vera leg . (1♂ CVMD) . without specific locality, date or collector (1 MZSP);without specific locality, date or collector (1♂ and 1♀ MNHN) .

Figures

Figure 5. Differential morphology in Polynoncus spp.:lateral margin of pronotum a, bulbous [P.vazdemelloi] and b, rounded [P.gemmingeri]; pronotal ridges and basal tubercles of pronotum c, fused [P.furcillifer] and d, separated (black line) [P.parafurcatus]; surface of elytra e, with tubercles [P.pedestris] and f, without tubercles [P. diffluens]; g, pronotal ridge and antero-lateral tubercle connected by (white arrow) [P. patagonicus]; h, humeral callus prominent (white arrow) in P. chilensis and i, humeral callus not prominent (white arrow) in P. mirabilis. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figure 10. Distribution map of Polynoncus argentinus (red circles), P. bifurcatus (green triangles), and P. chilensis (blue squares) in South America. The records with a black dot in the centre indicate the type locality of the respective species.

Figure 21. Lectotype of Trox chilensis Harold, 1872 (now Polynoncus chilensis): habitus in a, dorsal and b, lateral view; male genitalia in c, dorsal and d, lateral view; e, labels. Scale bar: 1 mm.