Pyrrhalta semifulva (Jacoby, 1885)

Lee, Chi-Feng & Bezdek, Jan, 2021, Revision of the genera Xanthogaleruca Laboissiere, 1932 and Pyrrhalta Joannis, 1865 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) of Taiwan, with type designation of Galerucella lineatipes Takei, ZooKeys 1039, pp. 1-108 : 1

Pyrrhalta semifulva (Jacoby, 1885) Figs 26C , 27D-F , 29 , 30

Gallerucella semifulva Jacoby, 1885: 745 (Japan: Kiga).

Lochmaea (Tricholochmaea) semifulva : Laboissière 1932: 964; Ogloblin 1936: 91 (redescription); Chûjô 1940: 112 (Japan: Kyushu, Shikoku); Chûjô 1954: 57 (Japan: Shikoku); Wilcox 1971: 82 (catalogue).

Tricholochmaea semifulva : Chûjô & Kimoto 1961: 169 (catalogue); Kimoto 1964b: 373 (deposition of type specimens); Lopatin et al. 2004: 130 (catalogue); Beenen 2010: 455 (catalogue).

Pyrrhalta semifulva : Kimoto 1964a: 299; Kimoto and Hiura 1971: 15 (Japan); Kimoto and Gressitt 1966: 476 (key), 520 (Ryukyus); Kimoto 1974: 24 (Taiwan); Nakane 1984: 626 (Japan); Kimoto 1985: 4 (catalogue); Kimoto 1986: 56 (additional records in Taiwan); Kimoto 1987: 188 (additional records in Taiwan); Medvedev and Roginskaya 1988: 116 (host plants); Kimoto 1989a: 268 (additional records in Taiwan); Kimoto 1991: 9 (additional records in Taiwan); Li 1992: 184 (China: Liaoning); Kimoto and Takizawa 1994: 234 (key), 307 (Japan); Kimoto and Chu 1996: 57 (catalogue); Kimoto and Takizawa 1997: 300 (key), 374; Wang and Yang 1998: 68 (China: Fujian); Yang 2002: 628 (China: Fujian); Xue and Yang 2010: 129 (catalogue); Yang et al. 2015: 120 (catalogue); Matsumura et al. 2017: 85 (female reproductive system).

Pyrrhalta (Tricholochmaea) semifulva : Wilcox 1965: 38; Medvedev 1992: 580 (key); Medvedev and Dubeshko 1992: 133 (key); Medvedev 2006: 141 (Russia: Far East).

Gallerucella modesta Jacoby, 1885: 745 (Japan: Nikko). Synonymized by Chûjô 1954: 57.

Lochmaea (Tricholochmaea) modesta : Chûjô 1940: 112 (Japan: Shikoku).

Gallerucella signaticeps Weise, 1887: 191 (Vladivostok). Synonymized by Ogloblin 1936: 91.

Lochmaea japonica Weise, 1922: 67 (Japan: Honshu). Synonymized by Laboissière 1932: 964.

Types.

Gallerucella semifulva . Lectotype ♀ (NHMUK, here designated): "Kiga [h, w, underside of card glued with specimen] // Type / H.T. [p, w, circle label with red border] // Japan. / G. Lewis. / 1910-320. [p, w] // Galeruca / Galeruca semifulva Jac [h, b] // SYN- / TYPE [p, w, circle label with blue border]". Paralectotypes. 1♂ (NHMUK): "Kiga [h, w, underside of card glued with specimen] // Japan / Lewis [h, w] // Jacoby Coll. / 1909-28a. [p, w] // Galeruca semifulva Jac [h, b]"; 1♂ (NHMUK): "Kiga [h, w, underside of card glued with specimen] // Japan. / G. Lewis. / 1910-320. [p, w]"; 1♀ (NHMUK): "Japan. / G. Lewis. / 1910-320. [p, w]"; 1 (TARI, sex undetermined): "KIGA [h] / JAPAN [p] / 18.III.1880 [h] / Col. G. LEWIS [p, w] // CO / Type [p, circle label with yellow letters border] // Gallerucella / Galeruca semifulva / Jacoby [h] / DET. M. CHUJO [p, w] // Gallerucella / Galeruca semifulva Jac. [h] / Det. T. Shiraki [p, w] // 1934 [p, w]"; 1 (MCZC, sex undetermined): "Japan / Lewis [h, w] // 1st Jacoby / Coll. [p, w] // Type. / Sp. figured. [p, w] // Type [p] / 17878 [h, r]". Since types much be collected from “Kiga” based on Jacoby (1885). Those specimens with different localities but with type labels should not be regarded as type series, including 1 (NHMUK, sex undetermined): "marshes / nagasaki (h, w) // Japan. / G. Lewis. / 1910-320. [p, w] // SYN- / TYPE [p, w, circle label with blue border]"; 1♂ (NHMUK): "Subashiri [h, w, underside of card glued with specimen] // Japan. / G. Lewis. / 1910-320. [p, w] // SYN- / TYPE [p, w, circle label with blue border]"; 1 (TARI, sex undetermined): "Ipongi [h] / JAPAN [p] / III.1881 [h] / Col. G. LEWIS [p] // CO / Type [p, circle label with yellow letters border] // Galerucella / Galeruca semifulva / Jacoby [h] / DET. M. CHUJO [p, w]".

Gallerucella modesta . Lectotype (sex undetermined, NHMUK, here designated): "Nikko [h, w, underside of card glued with specimen] // Type / H.T. [p, w, circle label with red border] // Japan. / G. Lewis. / 1910-320. [p, w] // Nikko. [p, w] // Galerucella / Galerucella modesta Jac. [h, b]". Paralectotypes. 1 (NHMUK, sex undetermined): "Nikko. [p, w] // Japan. / G. Lewis. / 1910-320. [p, w] // Galerucella / Galerucella modesta / Jac [h, w] // Lochmaea / ( Tricholochmaea ) Galeruca semifulva Jacob. [h] / D. Ogloblin det. [p, w]"; 1 (MCZC, sex undetermined): "Japan / Lewis [h, w] / 1st Jacoby / Coll. [p, w] // Galerucella modesta Jac. [h, b] // Type [p] / 17877 [h, r]".

Other material.

Japan. Hokkaido: 1♀ (HSC), Etetsu-shi, Nopporo , 18.VI.2011, leg. H. Suenaga ; 1♀ (HSC), Tomakomai-shi, Lake Utonai-ko , 29.VIII.2011, leg. H. Suenaga ; 1♂ (HSC), same but with “22.V.2012”; Honshu: 1♂, 1♀ (HSC), Akita Pref., Nikaho-shi, Chôkaisan, Hokodate , 10.VI.2016, leg. S. Sejima ; 1♀ (TARI), Aomori Pref., 29.VI. 1934, leg. F. Watanabe ; 1♀ (TARI), Aomori Pref., Hatinohe , 1.VI.1933, leg. A. Fukuda ; 1♀ (KMNH), Fukui Pref., Mt. Monju , 3.V.1963, leg. H. Sasaji ; 1♀ (NMNS), Gifu Pref., 2.IV.1946; 1♂ (NMNS), same locality, 6.V.1947, leg. K. Ohbayashi ; 1♂ (NMNS), Gifu Pref., Suhara , 15.IV.1956, leg. K. & M. Ohbayashi ; 1♀ (NMNS), same locality, 5.V.1955, leg. K. Ohbayashi ; 1♂ (NMNS), same but with “13.V.1956”; 1♂, 1♀ (NMNS), same but with “15.V.1956”; 1♂ (NMNS), same locality, 3.V.1957, leg. N. Ohbayashi ; 1♂ (NMNS), same but with “19.V.1957”; 1♂ (NMNS), same but with " 1♂ (NMNS) , Gifu Pref., Tanigumi , 11.VI.1941, leg. K. Ohbayashi ; 1♀ (HSC), Gunma Pref., Minakami-machi, Fujiwara , 6.VI.2008, leg. S. Sejima ; 1♀ (HSC), Hiroshima Pref., Akioota-cho, Mt. Mushiki-toge , 14.VI.2010, leg. H. Suenaga ; 2♀ (HSC), Hiroshima Pref., Takano-cho, Takano , 13.VI.2009, leg. H. Suenaga ; 8♂, 5♀ (NMNS), Hyogo Pref. Mt. Oginosen , 4.V.1964, leg. M.-H. Chûjô ; 8♂, 4♀ (TARI), same locality, 2.V.1965, leg. Y. Ohira ; 1♂ (HSC), Kanagawa Pref., Zushi-shi, Junmu-ji , 18.IV.2012, H. Suenaga; 1♀ (TARI) , Nagano Pref., Koganezawa , 12.V.1935, leg. S. Miyamoto ; 1♂, 1♀ (KMNH), Nagano Pref., Misuzuko , 27.VII.1973, leg. S. Kimoto ; 1♂ (KMNH), Nagano Pref., Wada , 10.VII.1951, leg. M. Takahashi ; 1♂ (TARI), Nagano Pref., Yarisawa , 25.VII.1931, leg. K. Obayashi ; 1♂ (TARI), Niigata Pref., Sado, Suizu , 22.V.1937, leg. K. Baba ; 1♂, 2♀ (HSC), Okayama Pref., Tomata-Gun, Kagamino-cho , 4.V.2006, leg. H. Suenaga ; 1♀ (HSC), same but with “Shiraka-keikoku”; 1♀ (HSC), Okayama Pref., Niimi-shi, Toyanagakôma, 2.VII.2006, leg. S. Sejima ; 1♂ (TARI), Tochigi Pref., Nikko, Sanno-Toge , 16.VI.1940, leg. Tn. Nakane ; Kyushu : 2♂ (TARI) , Fukuoka Pref., Mt. Hiko , 7.VII.1934, leg. K. Yamauchi ; 1♀ (TARI), same locality, 14.VII.1941, leg. M. Chujo ; 1♀ (TARI), Kagoshima Pref., Kirishima , 16.VII.1939, leg. Y. Takemura ; 1♂, 1♀ (HSC), Kagoshima Pref., Minamioosumi-machi, Sata-misaki , 6.V.2013, leg. H. Suenaga ; 1♀ (HSC), Oita Pref., Kamizue-cho, Hakuso , 5.V.2013, leg. H. Suenaga ; 1♀ (HSC), Oita Pref., Yufu-shi, Kurodake , 11.VI.2006, leg. S. Sejima ; Shikoku : 1♀ (HSC) , Ehime Pref., Kumakogen-cho, Mt. Ishizuchi, Tsuchigoya , 28.VI.2009, leg. H. Suenaga ; 1♂ (HSC), Ehime Pref., Kumakogen-cho, Mt. Saraga-mine , 23.V.2009, leg. H. Suenaga ; 1♂ (HSC), Ehime Pref., Kumakogen-cho, Omogokei , 16.VII.2007, leg. H. Suenaga ; 1♀ (HSC), Ehime Pref., Matsuyama-shi, Komenono , 27.V.2007, leg. T. Ichiyanagi ; 1♀ (HSC), same locality, 26.V.2007, leg. H. Suenaga ; 3♀♀ (HSC), Ehime Pref., Matsuyama-shi, Shukuno, near the dame of Ishitegawa , 2.V.2010, leg. K. Hashimoto ; 1♀ (HSC), Ehime Pref., Uwajima-shi, Onigajôzan to Yatsurayama , 7.V.2007, leg. S. Sejima ; 1♂, 1♀ (HSC), Kagawa Pref., Mannou-cho, Nakadouri, Mt. Daisenzan , 29.VII.2007, leg. H. Suenaga ; 2♀♀ (TARI), Kooti-Ken (= Kochi Pref.), leg. I. Okubo ; 1♀ (TARI), same but with “26.V.1935”; 1♂, 1♀ (TARI), same but with “24.VII.1936”; 1♀ (HSC), Tokushima Pref., Yoshinokawa-shi, Mt. Kotsu-zan , 18.V.1987, leg. S. Mano ; Taiwan. Chiayi: 1♀ (KMNH), Alishan (阿里山), 6.VII.1965, leg. S. Kimoto, det. S. Kimoto , 1974; Hsinchu: 1♀ (TARI), Lupi (魯壁), 10.VII.2010, leg. M.-H. Tsou ; Hualien: 1♀ (TARI), Hahuan Cross-Ridge (合歡越嶺古道), 4.VIII.2018, leg. H.-F. Lu ; Ilan: 1♀ (TARI), Ssuyuan (思源), 28.IV.2009, leg. M.-H. Tsou ; Kaohsiung: 1♀ (KMNH), Liukuei (六龜), V.1985, leg. W. L. Chen, Nagoya Univ. Col., det. S. Kimoto , 1987; Nantou: 1♂ (NMNS), Shanlinchi (杉林溪), 11.V.1990, leg. C. C. Chiang ; 1♀ (TARI), Sungkang (松崗), 18.IV.2015, leg. B.-X. Guo ; 1♀ (TARI), Tsuifeng (翠峰), 12-14.IX.1984, leg. K. S. Lin and S. C. Lin ; Taoyuan: 1♀ (KMNH), Lalashan (拉拉山), 7.V.1982, leg. N. Ohbayashi.

Redescription.

Length 4.3-5.4 mm, width 2.4-3.0 mm. Body color (Fig. 27D-F ) reddish brown; head (including antennae), scutellum, thoracic ventrites, and legs black. Eyes small, interocular space 2.50-2.86 × diameter of eye. Antennae filiform in males (Fig. 29A ), length ratios of antennomeres I-XI 1.0: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.8, length to width ratios of antennomeres I-XI 3.1: 2.6: 2.2: 2.1: 2.3: 2.1: 2.0: 2.0: 1.9: 1.9: 3.2; similar in females (Fig. 29B ), length ratios of antennomeres I-XI 1.0: 0.5: 0.6: 0.5: 0.5: 0.6: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.7, length to width ratios of antennomeres I-XI 3.1: 1.9: 2.2: 1.9: 1.8: 2.0: 1.8: 1.8: 1.9: 1.8: 2.5. Pronotum and elytra convex. Pronotum 2.2-2.3 × wider than long, disc with reticulate microsculpture; with dense, extremely coarse punctures and extremely short pubescence, with transverse ridge near apical margin that curves downwards near antero-lateral corners, no punctures or pubescence above ridge but coarse punctures present on antero-lateral corners; with median longitudinal and lateral depressions; lateral margins moderately rounded, apical margin slightly concave, basal margin straight; anterior and posterior setiferous punctures slightly erect. Elytra elongate and broad, parallel-sided, 1.4-1.5 × longer than wide; disc smooth, with extremely coarse, dense punctures and extremely short pubescence. Apical spur of tibia of middle leg absent, tarsomere I not modified in males. Aedeagus (Fig. 29C, D ) extremely slender in dorsal view, 7.9 × longer than wide, sides asymmetric, parallel-sided, apex truncate, curved near apex; strongly curved near base in lateral view, apex narrowly rounded; ostium not covered membrane; two endophallic sclerites elongate, several fine teeth on apex of primary endophallic sclerite, 0.6 × as long as aedeagus, secondary sclerite a little shorter, 0.9 × as long as primary endophallic sclerite, apex acute. Sclerotized gonocoxae (Fig. 29K ) stout and cylindrical, gonocoxae separated, disk with several longer setae mixed with dense, shorter setae. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 29G ) transverse; disc with three layers of different lengths of setae on apical area, shortest setae along apical margin, longest setae a slightly before apex, intermediate setae further from apex; spiculum short. Receptacle of spermatheca (Fig. 29H ) slightly swollen; pump short and strongly curved; sclerotized proximal spermathecal duct wide and short. Apical margin of abdominal ventrite V slightly concave medially, with deep depression at middle in males (Fig. 29J ); only slightly concave in females (Fig. 29I ).

Variation.

Aedeagi of many individuals have apically tapering apices and look straight in lateral view (Fig. 29E, F ). Japanese populations display great color variation. Some individuals (Hokkaido) have the entire reddish brown bodies but one black spot is present on the vertex, and five apical antennomeres are darkened. Some are similar to the previous ones, but the head is black except mouth parts (Fig. 30A, B ). Some are similar the previous ones, but the pronotum has one black spot at center, without a clear margin; legs are reddish brown but outer sides of tibiae and entire tarsi are dark brown, antennae and the scutellum are blackish brown (Fig. 30C, D ). Some specimens are similar to Taiwanese populations but with different degrees of darkness on the pronotum (Fig. 30E, F ).

Remarks.

Pyrrhalta semifulva (Jacoby) and P. formosanensis sp. nov. may be separated from others within the species group by the reddish brown bodies (Figs 27 , 30 ) and short, cylindrical gonocoxae with dense setae (Figs 28J , 29K ). Taiwanese populations of P. semifulva differ from P. formosanensis sp. nov. by the black scutellum, legs, and thoracic ventrites (Fig. 27E ) (reddish brown scutellum, legs, and thoracic ventrites (Fig. 27B ) in P. formosanensis sp. nov.), normal abdominal ventrite V (Fig. 29I ), and unmodified mesotarsomere I of middle leg in males (modified abdominal ventrite V (Fig. 28K ) and mesotarsomere of middle leg (Fig. 28M in males of P. formosanensis sp. nov.). In males of P. semifulva , the elongate and apically curved aedeagus is similar to that of P. discalis Gressitt and Kimoto, but differs in the relatively longer secondary endophallic sclerite, 0.9x as long as primary endophallic sclerite (Fig. 29C, D ) (vs. relatively shorter secondary endophallic sclerite, 0.6x as long as primary endophallic sclerite in P. discalis (Fig. 32C, D ).

Food plants.

Rosaceae : Prunus jamasakura Sieb., ex Koidz., P. yedoensis Matsum., and Sorbus japonica (Decne.) Hedl.; Hamamelidaceae : Corylopsis gotoana Makino, ( Chûjô and Kimoto 1961). adults of Taiwanese populations feed on flowers of Photinia niitakayamensis Hayata ( Rosaceae ) (Fig. 26C ).

Distribution.

Japan, Russian, Taiwan. The species is widespread at mid-altitudes (1,500-2,500 m) in Taiwan.

Figures

Figure 26. Field photographs of adults of Pyrrhalta species on host plants A P. tsoui Bezdek & Lee B P. formosanensis sp. nov. C P. semifulva (Jacoby) D P. ishiharai Kimoto.

Figure 27. Habitus of Pyrrhalta formosanensis sp. nov. and P. semifulva (Jacoby) A P. formosanensis sp. nov., female, dorsal view B ditto, ventral view C ditto, lateral view D P. semifulva, from Taiwan, female, dorsal view E ditto, ventral view F ditto, lateral view.

Figure 28. Diagnostic characters of Pyrrhalta formosanensis sp. nov. A antenna, male B antenna, female C aedeagus, dorsal view D ditto, left-side view E ditto, ventral view F ditto, right-side view G apex of tibia of middle leg, male H abdominal ventrite VIII I spermatheca J gonocoxae K abdominal ventrite V, male L abdominal ventrite V, female M tarsi of middle leg, male.

Figure 29. Diagnostic characters of Pyrrhalta semifulva (Jacoby) A antenna, male B antenna, female C aedeagus, typical form, dorsal view D ditto, lateral view E aedeagus, variation (endophallic sclerites omitted), dorsal view apex of tibia of middle leg, male F ditto, lateral view G abdominal ventrite VIII H ermatheca I abdominal ventrite V, female J abdominal ventrite V, male K gonocoxae.

Figure 30. Habitus of Pyrrhalta semifulva (Jacoby) from Japan A female, color variation, dorsal view B ditto, ventral view C Female, color variation, dorsal view D ditto, ventral view E female, color variation, dorsal view F male, color variation, dorsal view.

Figure 32. Diagnostic characters of Pyrrhalta discalis Gressitt & Kimoto A antenna, male B antenna, female C aedeagus, dorsal view D ditto, lateral view E abdominal ventrite VIII F spermatheca G abdominal ventrite V, female H abdominal ventrite V, male I gonocoxae.