Tenebroides Piller & Mitterpacher, 1783

Kolibac, Jiri, 2013, Trogossitidae: A review of the beetle family, with a catalogue and keys, ZooKeys 366, pp. 1-194 : 65-76

Genus Tenebroides Piller & Mitterpacher, 1783 Figs 2 , 8 ; Map 5

Tenebroides Piller, M. & Mitterpacher, L. 1783: 87.

Type species.

Tenebrio mauritanicus Linnaeus, 1758 [designated by Westwood 1838]

Léveillé, A. 1910: 14. Barron, J. R. 1971: 88. Crowson, R. A. 1964a: 299. Downie, N. M. & Arnett, R. H. Jr. 1996: 937 (key). Kobayashi, K. 1980: 1-6 (ecology). Kolibáč, J. 2005: 84 (redescription). Kolibáč, J. 2006: 111 (phylogeny). Kolibáč, J. et al. 2005: 30 + 134 (key). Mamaev, B. M. 1976: 1652 (larva). Matthews, E. G. 1992: 3. Merkl, O. 1993: 12 (key). Nikitsky, N. B. 1992: 80. Ratti, E. 1997: 178 ( Tenebroides sp.). Reitter, E. 1876: 28. Spahr, U. 1981: 74 (amber and copal fossils). Uchida, A. 1980: 61-73 (biology)

Trogossita Olivier, 1790 [type species: Trogossita caerulea Olivier, 1790]

Barron, J. R. 1971: 88 (list of references)

Description.

Body size: about 3.5-12.0 mm. Body shape elongate. Gular sutures wide, convergent at apex. Frontoclypeal suture absent. Frons: longitudinal groove or depression absent. Cranium ventrally: tufts of long setae at sides present. Submentum: ctenidium absent. Antennal groove present. Eyes: size flat. Eyes number: two. Epicranial acumination moderate. Lacinial hooks absent. Galea: shape elongate. Galea: ciliate setae present. Mediostipes-Lacinia fused together. Palpifer: outer edge denticulate. Mandibular apical teeth number: two, horizontally situated. Mola absent. Penicillus (at base) present (fine, often membranous). Pubescence above mola or cutting edge absent. Ventral furrow present. Basal notch moderate. Labrum-Cranium not fused. Epipharyngial sclerite present. Lateral tormal process: projection curved downwards, processes not connected ( Airora ). Ligula: ciliate setae present. Ligula rigid, weakly retroflexed, weakly emarginate. Hypopharyngeal sclerite consisting of two separate parts. Antenna 11-segmented. Antennal club asymmetrical, sensorial fields present. Front coxal cavities externally closed, internally open. Pronotum transverse. Prepectus absent. Middle coxal cavities open. Elytra: long hairs absent. Epipleuron moderate. Elytral interlocking mechanism present, carinae reduced. Elytral punctation regular, scales absent. Wing: radial cell open (outer vein present), wedge cell absent, cross vein MP3-4 absent, cross vein AA1+2-3+4 absent. Front tibiae: spines along side moderate. Hooked spur present. Claws: denticle absent. Spiculum gastrale absent. Tegmen composed of three parts. Coxitae undivided.

Larva: Frontal arms V-shaped. Epicranial stem reduced. Endocarina present. Gular sutures conspicuous, parallel. Gula: anterior apodemes absent. Paragular sclerites present. Hypostomal rods absent. Stemmata number: five. Mandibular apical teeth number: two, horizontally situated. Lacinia mandibulae with several small spines. Mola absent. Maxillary palpi 3-segmented. Palpifer absent. Pedunculate seta present. Mala simple. Mala: bidentate protrusion absent. Cardo-Stipes partially fused. Cardo: size much smaller than stipes. Ligula present. Labial palpi 2-segmented. Prementum in single part, anterior margin with notch. Torma: two separate lateral sclerites. Antennal joints 1 and 2 elongate. Sensory appendix medium sized (to half of joint 3). Thoracic sclerites pattern (dorsally) 1-2-2. Thoracic sclerites pattern (ventrally) 3+1+1. Trochanter oblong. Abdominal segment IX not divided. Tergite IX flat. Urogomphi present, hooked; median process absent.

Biology.

The species of the genus are mostly predatory, occasionally feeding on grains (e.g. the cadelle beetle, Tenebroides mauritanicus , which is adapted to a synanthropic way of life and is a serious pest of stored grain). It is probably originally European. The wild population, sometimes designated as the separate species Tenebriodes fuscus Goeze, 1777, lives in forests and its adults and larvae may be found under the bark of deciduous trees, where they feed on other insects. Supposed differences between adults of the both species can be summarized as follows: (1) Tenebriodes fuscus - antennae dilated from antennomere 6; elytra weakly glabrous, densely transversely wrinkled; frons narrower than that in the following species. (2) Tenebroides mauritanicus - antennae dilated from antennomere 8; elytra rather dull, sparsely transversely wrinkled; frons wider than that in Tenebriodes fuscus .

Distribution.

The bulk of species is distributed in the two Americas. Only a few species live in the Palaearctic region. Synanthropic Tenebroides mauritanicus is cosmopolitan.

Species:

Tenebroides aenelpennis Reitter, 1875; Brazil (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 14

Tenebroides aeneus Reitter, 1875; Colombia (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 14

Tenebroides albomaculatus Reitter, 1875; Colombia, America centr. (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 14

Tenebroides albonotatus Reitter, 1875; Brazil: Cayenna (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 15

Tenebroides alticola Sharp, 1891; Guatemala (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 15

Tenebroides alutaceus Léveillé, 1905; Brazil (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 15

Tenebroides americanus Kirby, 1837; USA, Canada (JRB)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 15 (syn. Tenebroides castaneus Melsheimer, 1844; synonymized by LeConte 1863). Barron, J. R. 1971: 103 (syn. Trogosita castanea Melsheimer, 1844). Barron, J. R. 1971: 103 (syn. Trogosita nigrita Horn, 1862; synonymized by LeConte 1863)

Tenebroides anceps Léveillé, 1889; America centr. (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 15

Tenebroides antennalis Reitter, 1875; Colombia (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 15

Tenebroides auriculatus Sharp, 1891; Guatemala (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 15

Tenebroides australis Boisduval, 1835; Tasmania (?) (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 15

Tenebroides bimaculatus Melsheimer, 1844; USA, „Pennsylvania” (JRB)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 15. Barron, J. R. 1971: 102

Tenebroides bipustulatus Fabricius, 1801; Brazil: Cayenna (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 15 (syn. var. impressifrons Reitter, 1875: "Amer. mer."; syn. n.)

Tenebroides boggianii Léveillé, 1905; Paraguay (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 15

Tenebroides bonvouloiri Léveillé, 1889; Mexico (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 15 (var. chontalensis Sharp, 1891: Nicaragua; syn. n.)

Tenebroides brevis Léveillé, 1889; Brazil (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 15

Tenebroides breviusculus Reitter, 1875; America centr., Brazil (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 15

Tenebroides brunneovittatus Léveillé, 1894; America centr., Brazil (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 15

Tenebroides brunneus Léveillé, 1889; Brazil: Cayenna (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 15

Tenebroides bugnioni Léveillé, 1903; Colombia (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 15

Tenebroides carbonarius Léveillé, 1889; Brazil: Cayenna (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 15

Tenebroides carinatus Léveillé, 1894; Brazil (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 15

Tenebroides celatus Sharp, 1891; America centr. (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 15

Tenebroides chevrolati Reitter, 1875; Mexico (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 15

Tenebroides circumcinctus Léveillé, 1889; America centr. (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 15

Tenebroides collaris Sturm, 1807; Canada: Ontario, E USA to Michigan and E Texas (JRB)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 15 (syn. Tenebroides nigripennis Sturm, 1826). Barron, J. R. 1971: 97 ( Trogosita nigripennis Sturm, 1826; nomen nudum). Barron, J. R. 1971: 97 ( Trogosita nigripennis Dejean, 1836; nomen nudum)

Tenebroides complicatus Sharp, 1891; America centr. (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 15

Tenebroides cordicollis Léveillé, 1889; Brazil (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 15

† Tenebroides corrugata Wickham, 1913; USA: Colorado, Florissant; Early Oligocene (JRB)

Barron, J. R. 1971: 120. Ponomarenko, A. G. & Kireichuk, A. G. 2005-2008: http://www.zin.ru/animalia/Coleoptera/rus/paleosy2.htm. Schmied, H. et al. 2009: 23. Wickham, H. F. 1913: 291

Tenebroides corticalis Melsheimer, 1844; Guatemala, Mexico, USA, Canada to Alaska (JRB)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 15 (syn. Tenebroides dubius Melsheimer, 1844; synonymized by Barron 1971). Léveillé, A. 1910: 16 (syn. Tenebroides intermedius Horn, 1862; synonymized by Barron 1971). Léveillé, A. 1910: 17 (syn. Tenebroides limbalis Melsheimer, 1844; synonymized by Barron 1971). Barron, J. R. 1971: 115 (syn. Trogosita limbalis Melsheimer, 1844; synonymized by LeConte 1863). Barron, J. R. 1971: 115 (syn. Trogosita dubia Melsheimer, 1844; synonymized by LeConte 1863). Barron, J. R. 1971: 115 ( Trogosita conformis Dejean, 1836; nomen nudum). Barron, J. R. 1971: 115 (syn. Trogosita intermedia Horn, 1862; synonymized by LeConte 1863)

Tenebroides crassicornis Horn, 1862; Western states of Canada, USA (JRB)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 15. Barron, J. R. 1971: 95 (syn. Trogosita californica Horn, 1862; synonymized by LeConte 1863). Barron, J. R. 1971: 95 (syn. Trogosita pleuralis Horn, 1862; synonymized by LeConte 1863). Léveillé, A. 1910: 18. ( Tenebroides pleuralis Horn, 1862: California)

Tenebroides cribratus Léveillé, 1894; Mexico (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 15

Tenebroides cucujoides Reitter, 1875; Colombia (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 15

Tenebroides delicatus Léveillé, 1899; Brazil (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 16

Tenebroides depressior Palisot de Beauvois, 1811 ( Trogossita ) incertae sedis; N America (JRB)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 16. Barron, J. R. 1971: 119 ( Trogossita depressior Palisot de Beauvois, 1811; incertae sedis)

Tenebroides depressus Guérin, 1846; Brazil, America centr. (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 16

Tenebroides difficilis Léveillé, 1889; Honduras (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 16

Tenebroides dilatatus Erichson, 1847; Peru (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 16

Tenebroides donckieri Léveillé, 1902; Brazil (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 16

Tenebroides elongatulus Jacquelin du Val, 1857; Cuba (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 16

† Tenebroides emortua Germar, 1849; Germany: Orsberg; Tertiary: Upper Oligocene (varA)

Mörs, T. 1995: ii. Ponomarenko, A. G. & Kireichuk, A. G. 2005-2008: http://www.zin.ru/animalia/Coleoptera/rus/paleosy2.htm. Schmied, H. et al. 2009: 23

† Tenebroides eocenica Meunier, 1921; Germany: Messel; Tertiary: middle Eocene (varA)

Meunier, F. 1921: ii. Ponomarenko, A. G. & Kireichuk, A. G. 2005-2008: http://www.zin.ru/animalia/Coleoptera/rus/paleosy2.htm. Schmied, H. et al. 2009: 23

Tenebroides excellens Sharp, 1891; Panama (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 16

Tenebroides explanatus Reitter, 1875; Colombia (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 16

Tenebroides facilis Sharp, 1891; Mexico (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 16

Tenebroides farmairei Léveillé, 1889; Tonga-Tabu (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 16

Tenebroides fenestratus Léveillé, 1889; Mexico (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 16

Tenebroides flaviclavis Reitter, 1875; Cuba (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 16

Tenebroides floridanus Schaeffer, 1918; USA: Florida, Louisiana, centr. America (JRB)

Barron, J. R. 1971: 111. Schaeffer, C. F. A. 1918: 199

Tenebroides fossulatus Léveillé, 1899; Bolivia (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 16

Tenebroides fryi Léveillé, 1898; Brazil (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 16

Tenebroides fulgens Sharp, 1891; Panama (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 16

Tenebroides fulvolineatus Léveillé, 1889; Brazil (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 16

Tenebroides germaini Léveillé, 1895; Bolivia (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 16

Tenebroides godmani Sharp, 1891; Panama (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 16

Tenebroides gounellei Léveillé, 1889; Brazil: "Minas Geraes" (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 16

Tenebroides gracilipes Sharp, 1891; Panama (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 16

Tenebroides harpaloides Léveillé, 1889; Mexico (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 16

Tenebroides helophorus Sharp, 1891; Mexico (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 16

Tenebroides humeralis Léveillé, 1889; Colombia (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 16

Tenebroides importunus Léveillé, 1905; Brazil (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 16

Tenebroides incertus Léveillé, 1889; Mexico (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 16

† Tenebroides insignis Heer, 1883; Greenland: Atanrkerdluk; Mesozoic: Upper Cretaceous, Maastrichtian (varA)

Ponomarenko, A. G. & Kireichuk, A. G. 2005-2008: http://www.zin.ru/animalia/Coleoptera/rus/paleosy2.htm. Schmied, H. et al. 2009: 23

Tenebroides insinuans Walker, 1858; Ceylon (?) (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 16

Tenebroides instabilis Sharp, 1891; Mexico (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 16

Tenebroides iteratus Sharp, 1891; Mexico (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 16

Tenebroides jatahyensis Léveillé, 1902; Brazil (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 16

Tenebroides latens Wollaston, 1862; Canary Isl: Teneriffa (JK)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 16. Kolibáč, J. 2007a: 365. Plata-Negrache, P. & Prendes-Ayala, C. 1981: 230

Tenebroides laticollis Horn, 1862; Eastern USA, Canada (JRB)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 16. Barron, J. R. 1971: 105 (syn. Trogosita obscura Horn, 1862; synonymized by Leconte 1863)

Tenebroides latus Léveillé, 1889; Mexico (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 17

Tenebroides lineolatus Reitter, 1877; Colombia (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 17

Tenebroides litigiosus Reitter, 1875; Brazil (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 17

Tenebroides longicornis Léveillé, 1889 - Brazil (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 17

Tenebroides longulus Sharp, 1891; Guatemala (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 17

Tenebroides lucidus Sharp, 1891; Panama (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 17

Tenebroides marginatus Palisot de Beauvois, 1811; S and middle E USA (JRB)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 17. Barron, J. R. 1971: 99 (syn. Tenebroides cucujiformis Horn, 1862; synonymized by LeConte 1863). Barron, J. R. 1971: 99. Léveillé, A. 1910: 15 ( Tenebroides cucujiformis Horn, 1862). Léveillé, A. 1910: 16 (homonym Tenebroides marginatus Latreille, 1833 replaced by Tenebroides latreillei Léveillé, 1889: "Amer. aequin."; synonymized by Barron 1971?)

Tenebroides marginicollis Sharp, 1891; Guatemala (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 17

Tenebroides maroccanus Reitter, 1884; N Africa, Azores, Corsica, Spain (JK)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 17 (var. baillioti Léveillé, 1903: Madrid; syn. n.). Audisio, P. et al. 1995: 14. Kolibáč, J. 2007a: 365. Villemant, C. & Ramzi, H. 1997: 441 (biology)

Tenebroides marseuli Reitter, 1875; St. Catharina (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 17

Tenebroides mauritanicus Linnaeus, 1758 ( Tenebrio ); cosmopolitan; type locality: “Algiriae” (varA)

(syn. Lucanus dubius Scriba, 1790; Carabus bucephalus Herbst, 1783; Lucanus fuscus Goeze, 1777; Lucanus fuscus Preyssler, 1790; Platycerus fuscus Geoffroy, 1762; Platycerus striatus Fourcroy, 1785; Tenebrio caraboides Linnaeus, 1758: type locality: “Europa”; Tenebrio piceus Schaller, 1783; Tenebrio planus Quensel, 1790; Tenebroides complanatus Piller & Mitterpacher, 1783; Tenebrio piceus Schaller, 1783; Trogosita affinis White, 1846)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 17 (syn. Tenebrioides fuscus Goeze, 1777). Léveillé, A. 1910: 17 (var. nitidus Horn, 1862: 83 synonymized by Kolibáč 2007). Arbogast, R. T. & Byrd, R. V. 1982: 61 (biology). Audisio, P. et al. 1995: 14 ( Tenebroides fuscus Goeze, 1777). Bahillo de la Puebla P. & López-Colón, J. I. 1999: 13. Bahillo de la Puebla P. & López-Colón, J. I. 1999: 13 ( Tenebroides fuscus Goeze, 1777). Bahillo de la Puebla P. & López-Colón, J. I. 2004: 129. Sarikaya, O. & Avci, M. 2009: 129 ( Tenebroides fuscus Goeze, 1777). Barron, J. R. 1971: 92-93. Barron, J. R. 1971: 93 (syn. Trogosita nitida Horn, 1862; synonymized by LeConte 1863). Borowiec, L. 1983: 11. Borowiec, L. 1983: 11 ( Tenebroides fuscus Goeze, 1777). Burakowski, B. et al. 1986: 117. Burakowski, B. et al. 1986: 117 ( Tenebroides fuscus Goeze, 1777). Dziadik-Turner, C. et al. 1981: 546 (biology). Esaki, T. et al. 1951: 1061. Faustini, D. I. & D. G. H. Halstead 1982: 45. Gollkowski, V. 1988: 42. Herger, P. 1998: 105 ( Tenebroides fuscus Goeze, 1777; distribution). Holzer, E. 1995: 30. Huber, Ch. & Kobel, E. 1994: 1. Kampsu, G. 2005: 17 (biology). Klausnitzer, B. 1976: 8. Klausnitzer, B. 1976: 8 ( Tenebrioides fuscus Goeze, 1777). Klausnitzer, B. 1978: 176. Klausnitzer, B. 1996: 146. Klausnitzer, B. 1996: 151 ( Tenebroides fuscus Goeze, 1777). Kolibáč, J. 1993a: 21. Kolibáč, J. 1993a: 21 ( Tenebroides fuscus Goeze, 1777). Kolibáč, J. 1993b: 90. Kolibáč, J. 1993b: 90 (syn. Tenebroides fuscus Goeze, 1777). Kolibáč, J. 1996b: 473. Kolibáč, J. 1999b: 12. Kolibáč, J. 2005: 84 (redescription). Kolibáč, J. 2006: 109 ( Tenebroides fuscus Goeze, 1777; larva). Kolibáč, J. 2007a: 365 ( Tenebroides fuscus Goeze, 1777). Kolibáč, J. 2007a: 365 (syn. Tenebroides nitidus Horn, 1862). Kolibáč, J. 2007a: 365. Kolibáč, J. 2007a: 365 (syn. Tenebroides piceus Dalla Torre, 1879). Mamaev, B. M. 1976: 1654. Matthews, E. G. 1992: 3. Mitter, H. 1998: 560. Mitter, H. 1998: 560 ( Tenebroides fuscus Goeze, 1777). Nakane, T. et al. 1963: 181. Nikitsky, N. B. 1992: 80. Pileckis, S. & V. Monsevičius 1995: 272. Plata-Negrache, P. & Prendes-Ayala, C. 1981: 230. Pospischil, R. 2003: 4 (biology). Purrini, K. & Ormieres, R. 1979: 437. Ratti, E. 1997: 178. Šefrová, H. & Laštůvka, Z. 2005: 162. Szwalko, P. & Kubisz, D. 1994: 46 ( Tenebroides fuscus Goeze, 1777; distribution). Teson, A. & Dagoberto, E. L. 1979: 127 (biology). Vogt, H. 1967: 16. Vogt, H. 1967: 16 ( Tenebriodes fuscus Preyssler, 1790). Leschen, R. A. B. & Lackner, T. 2013: 301 (syn. Trogosita affinis White, 1846; New Zealand)

Tenebroides metallescens Reitter, 1875

Léveillé, A. 1910: 18; Brazil (AL)

Tenebroides moerens Sharp, 1891; Panama (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 18

Tenebroides mordax Sharp, 1891; Costarica (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 18

Tenebroides murinus Reitter, 1875; Colombia (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 18

Tenebroides muticus Palisot de Beauvois, 1811 (incertae sedis); N America (JRB)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 18. Léveillé, A. 1888: 439 (syn. Trogosita punctata Dejean, 1836). Barron, J. R. 1971: 120 ( Trogosita punctata Dejean, 1836; nomen nudum). Barron, J. R. 1971: 119. (incertae sedis, syn. with Tenebroides nanus Melsheimer, 1844 by Horn 1862)

Tenebroides nanus Melsheimer, 1844; E USA, Mexico (JRB)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 18. Barron, J. R. 1971: 98. Barron, J. R. 1971: 119. (syn. Tenebroides muticus Palisot de Beauvois, 1811 syn. by Horn 1862). Klausnitzer, B. 1996: 150. Kolibáč, J. 2006: 109

Tenebroides nemosomiaeformis Léveillé, 1905; Brazil (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 18

Tenebroides nigrocyaneus Léveillé, 1905; Paraguay (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 18

Tenebroides nigroviridis Léveillé, 1889; Mexico (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 18

Tenebroides oblongus Sharp, 1891; Mexico, Panama (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 18

Tenebroides obtusus Horn, 1862; Eastern coastal states of USA (JRB)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 18. Barron, J. R. 1971: 108

Tenebroides occidentalis Fall, 1910; W Canada and USA, Mexico (JRB)

Barron, J. R. 1971: 117. Fall, H. C. 1910: 128

Tenebroides ocularis Lewis, 1894; Japan (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 18

Tenebroides opacus Reitter, 1875 (incertae sedis); N America (?), Colombia (JRB)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 18. Barron, J. R. 1971: 120 (incertae sedis)

Tenebroides ornatus Léveillé, 1889; Brazil (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 18

Tenebroides passeti Léveillé, 1905; Brazil (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 18

Tenebroides patruelis Reitter, 1875 (incertae sedis); Brazil, "Carol. mer." (JRB)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 18. Barron, J. R. 1971: 120 (incertae sedis)

Tenebroides politus Sharp, 1891; Guatemala (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 18

Tenebroides pollens Sharp, 1891; America centr. (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 18

Tenebroides pulchellus Reitter, 1875; "Nov. Grenada" (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 18

Tenebroides pumilus Léveillé, 1889; Colombia (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 18

Tenebroides punctatolineatus Fairmaire, 1850; Polynesia (?) (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 18

Tenebroides punctulatus Reitter, 1875; Cuba, Portorico (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 18

Tenebroides pusillimus Mannerheim, 1843 (incertae sedis); USA: Alaska (JRB)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 18. Barron, J. R. 1971: 120 (incertae sedis)

Tenebroides quadridens Palisot de Beauvois, 1811; “Oware” (?) (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 18

Tenebroides quadriguttatus Reitter, 1875; Brazil, Argentina (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 18

Tenebroides rectus Wollaston, 1862; Canary Isl.: Lanzarote (JK)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 18. Kolibáč, J. 2007a: 365. Plata-Negrache, P. & Prendes-Ayala, C. 1981: 230

Tenebroides reflexus Reitter, 1875; Colombia (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 18

Tenebroides reitteri Léveillé, 1889; Panama, Brazil (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 18

Tenebroides repetitus Sharp, 1891; Mexico, Guatemala (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 19

Tenebroides ritsemae Léveillé, 1889; Colombia, Costarica (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 19

Tenebroides ruber Reitter, 1875; America centr., Brazil (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 19

Tenebroides rubromarginatus Reitter, 1875; Brazil (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 19

Tenebroides ruficollis Reitter, 1875; Bogota (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 19

Tenebroides rufipes Léveillé, 1889; Brazil (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 19

Tenebroides rufiventris Reitter, 1875; Colombia, Argentina (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 19

Tenebroides rufolimbatus Léveillé, 1889; Mexico (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 19

Tenebroides rugosipennis Horn, 1862; E USA to Arizona (JRB)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 19. Barron, J. R. 1971: 108 (syn. Tenebroides arizonensis Schaeffer, 1918; synonymized by Barron 1971)

Tenebroides sallei Sharp, 1891; Mexico (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 19

Tenebroides scaberrimus Léveillé, 1905; Brazil (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 19

Tenebroides schaufussi Reitter, 1875; Venezuela: Caracas (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 19

Tenebroides sculpturatus Reitter, 1875; Brazil (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 19

Tenebroides semicylindricus Horn, 1862; Eastern coast of USA to Mexico (JRB)

Barron, J. R. 1971: 109 (syn. Tenebrioides subaenea Reitter, 1875; synonymized by whom?). Barron, J. R. 1971: 109 (syn. Tenebroides foveatus Blatchley, 1917; synonymized by Barron 1971). Barron, J. R. 1971: 110 (syn. Tenebroides helophorus Sharp, 1891; synonymized by Schaeffer 1918; syn. uncertain)

Tenebroides semicylindricus Horn, 1862

Léveillé, A. 1910: 19

Tenebroides sennevillei Léveillé, 1889; America centr. (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 19

Tenebroides sericatus Sharp, 1891; Guatemala (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 19

Tenebroides serraticollis Léveillé, 1907; Argentina (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 19

Tenebroides sharpi Léveillé, 1891; Panama (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 19

Léveillé, A. 1910: 19 (syn. Tenebroides bimaculatus Sharp, 1891; syn by Léveillé 1910?) (AL)

Tenebroides similis Léveillé, 1905; Brazil

Léveillé, A. 1910: 19

Tenebroides sinuatus LeConte, 1861; W USA, Canada; to Kansas, Montana, Texas (JRB)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 19 (syn. Tenebroides sinuatus var. californicus Horn, 1862; synonymized by Barron 1971?). Barron, J. R. 1971: 91

Tenebroides sonorensis Sharp, 1891; SW USA, Mexico, Cuba (?) (JRB)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 19 (distribution in Cuba). Barron, J. R. 1971: 112 (syn. Tenebroides debilis Fall, 1910; synonymized by whom?). Dajoz, R. 1997: 42 (ecology)

Tenebroides soror Jacquelin du Val, 1857; USA: Florida, Bahamas, N Cuba (JRB)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 19. Barron, J. R. 1971: 101

Tenebroides spectator Sharp, 1891; Guatemala (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 19

Tenebroides steinheili Reitter, 1875; Colombia (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 19

Tenebroides stultus Léveillé, 1907; Argentina (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 19

Tenebroides sublaevis Palisot de Beauvois, 1811; ‘Oware’ (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 19

Note: species not mentioned by Barron (1971).

Tenebroides subnigra Palisot de Beauvois, 1811 (incertae sedis); USA: Pennsylvania (JRB)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 19 ( Tenebroidessubniger ; misspelling). Barron, J. R. 1971: 119 (incertae sedis)

Tenebroides subplanus Reitter, 1875; Mexico (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 19

Tenebroides subruber Léveillé, 1899; Brazil (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 19

Tenebroides subvirescens Léveillé, 1889; Brazil (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 19

Tenebroides sulcifrons Jacquelin du Val, 1857; Cuba (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 19

† Tenebroides tenebrioides Germain, 1837; Germany: Rott, Siebengebirge; Tertiary: Upper Oligocene (varA)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 19. Ponomarenko, A. G. & Kireichuk, A. G. 2005-2008: http://www.zin.ru/animalia/Coleoptera/rus/paleosy2.htm. Schmied, H. et al. 2009: 23

Tenebroides tenuistriatus Fall, 1910; USA: Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona; Mexico (JRB)

Barron, J. R. 1971: 114

Tenebroides transversicollis Jacquelin du Val, 1857; Cuba (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 20

Tenebroides turkestanicus Ballion, 1870; Central Asia (JK)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 20. Kolibáč, J. 2006: 109. Kolibáč, J. 2007a: 365. Mamaev, B. M. 1976: 1654 (larva)

Tenebroides undulatus Sharp, 1891; Guatemala (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 20

Tenebroides viridescens Léveillé, 1889; Brazil (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 20

Tenebroides yucatanicus Léveillé, 1889; Yucatan, Honduras (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 20

Tenebroides zapotensis Sharp, 1891; Guatemala (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 20

Tenebroides zunilensis Sharp, 1891; Guatemala (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 20

Figures

Figure 2. Larval morphology: A Tenebroides " fuscus ", dorsal surface B Tenebroides " fuscus ", mandible ventrally C Lophocateres pusillus, mandible ventrally D Tenebroides " fuscus ", head ventrally E-F Peltis ferruginea, head capsule (E dorsally F ventrally) G Ancyrona diversa (1 dorsally 2 ventrally) H Peltis ferruginea (1 dorsally 2 ventrally).

Map 5. A distribution of the tribe Trogossitini.

Figure 8. A Temnoscheila smaragdina B Temnoscheila caerulea C Temnoscheila punctatissima D Tenebroides mauritanicus E Tenebroides ruber F Tenebroides bipustulatus G Tenebroides fossulatus.