Dichotomius (Cephagonus) fissus ( Harold 1867 )

Nunes, Rafael V. & Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z., 2019, Taxonomic revision of Dichotomius (Cephagonus) Luederwaldt 1929 and the taxonomic status of remaining Dichotomius Hope 1838 subgenera (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Dichotomiini), Journal of Natural History 53 (37), pp. 2231-2351 : 2295-2297

2.1.: Dichotomius (Cephagonus) fissus ( Harold 1867) ( Figure 19 )

Pinotus fissus Harold 1867 ı p. 99 (description)

Pinotus fissus ı Harold 1869 ı p. 137

Pinotus (Cephagonus) fissus ı Luederwaldt 1929 ı p. 119

Pinotus fissus ı Blackwelder 1944 ı p. 207

Dichotomius (selenocopris) fissus ı Vaz-de-Mello 2000 ı p. 193

Dichotomius fissus ı Cupello & Vaz-de-Mello 2015 ı p.18

Diagnosis. distinguished from other species in the group by the following combined characters: males cephalic carina taller than largerı emarginated at apexı producing two tubercles (as in D. fonsecae of the same group); anterior portion of pronotum with deeply impressed fine punctures (as in D. baiano of the same group); anterior portion of males pronotal with a single lobeı weakly emarginated (as larger males of D. fissiceps and D. reichei in quadraticeps group); pronotal margin smooth and elytra lacking distinct microsculpture. Taxonomic characters used by Harold (1867) to describe D. fissus are actually useful to distinguish this group from the other groups separated in this work.

● LECTOTYPE of Pinotus fissus (maleı here designated): Brasilia: Rio {white with red marginsı partially handwritten}/Musem Paris ex. Coll. Oberthur {greenı printed}/Ex. Museo E. Harold {white with black marginsı printed}/ Pinotus fissus Harold LECTOTYPE Vaz-de-Mello det. {red with black marginsı partially handwritten} [NMHN].

Non type material. ARGENTINA: Missiones: Dos de Mayo. xi-2010. P Wagner [1 ♀ at CEMT]; Puerto Iguazu. 7-i-1991 [1 ♀ at CEMT]; BRASIL: Espírito Santo: Linhares. Reserva Vale do Rio Doce. xii-1997. JS Santos [2 ƋƋı 1 ♀ at CEMT]; same data but xi-1998 [1 ♀ at CEMT]; Minas Gerais: Arinos. Rio Urucuia. 20-iv-1994. N Degallier [1 Ƌ at CEMT]; Barbacena. Campus IFET. 21³14 ʹ 09 ” Sı 43 ³45 ʹ 6 ” W. Pitfall. 26-ii-2012. FLT Gomes [2 ƋƋı 1 ♀ at CEMT]; Belo Horizonte. xii-2002. TT Gonçalves [1 ♀ at CEMT]; Berizal. Serra do Anastácio. Fezes humanas. 14-xii-2012. P Grossi [2 ♀♀ at CEMT]; Ibiá. 28-x1965. C Elias [3 ƋƋ at DZUP]; Ipatinga. xi-1991. E Grossi [1 Ƌ at CEMT]; Itabarito. 1400 mosl. xii-1998. FZ Vaz-de-Mello [1 Ƌ at CEMT]; Itumirim. Barra do Rio Grande. xii-2012. FM França [1 ♀ at CEMT]; Lavras. Mata do Capivari. 21³16 ʹ 25 ” Sı 44 ³16 ʹ 57 ” W. xii-2001. G Schiffler [1 ♀ at CEMT]; Poço Bonito. xi-2002. FZ Vaz-de-Mello [1 Ƌ at CEMT]; Mata da Epamig. 21-xi-2005. LR Morimoto [1 Ƌ at CEMT]; Rio Paraciacaba. Vale Mineração. 19³55 ʹ 59 ” Sı 43 ³12 ʹ 32 ” W. 795 mosl. Fezes humanas. 16-xi-2010. RN Mota [2 ♀♀ at CEMT]; Vespasiano. i-1951. A Machado [2 ♀♀ at CEMT]; Viçosa. 26-xi-1972. Celso J [1 ♀ at CEMT]; same municipality but Mata do Paraíso. 20³48 ʹ 08 ” Sı 42 ³52 ʹ 31 ” W. Luz. xi-1984. F Fiuza [3 ƋƋı 2 ♀♀ at CEMT]; same municipality but i-1987. F Fiuza [1 ♀ at CEMT]; same municipality but xii-1992. FZ Vaz-de-Mello [1 ♀ at CEMT]; same municipality but 22-i-1994. JNC Louzada [1 Ƌ at CEMT]; same municipality but FIT (flight interception). 7-xii-1998. JL Moreno & T Mestre [1 ♀ at CEMT]; Paraná: Londrina. xi-1998. IM Medri [1 ♀♀ at CEMT]; Rio de Janeiro: Cordeiro. R Salgado [1 ♀ at CEMT]; Nova Friburgo. x-1993. E Grossi [2 ƋƋ at CEMT]; same municipality but xi-1996. FZ Vaz-de-Mello [1 ♀ at CEMT]; same municipality but Campo Coelho. iii-1997. A Penna [1 Ƌı 1 ♀ at CEMT]; Paineiras. 5-iv-1925. EMM Melo [1 #F AT DZUP]; Rezende. 31-iii-1961. [1 Ƌ at DZUP]; Rio de Janeiro. Parque da Cidade. xi-1991. FZ Vaz-de- Mello [2 ♀♀ at CEMT]; same municipality but Xerém. ii-1994. C Godinho [1 ♀ at CEMT]; same municipality but Floresta da Tijuca. xii-1998. C Godinho [1 ♀ at CEMT]; same data but 29-i-2009. W Beiroz [1 Ƌı 1 ♀ at CEMT]; Rio Grande do Sul: Mata Castelhano. FLONA Passo Fundo. ii-2009. RM Moraes [2 ƋƋı 3 ♀♀ at CEMT]; Santa Catarina: Anitápolis. 27³54 ’ Sı 49 ³07 ʹ W. 3-vii-2012. TRO Simões [1 ♀ at CEMT]; Campos Novos. 27³23 ’ Sı 51 ³12 ʹ W. Fezes humanas. R Campos [2 ƋƋı 1 ♀ at CEMT]; Corupá. 60 mosl. x-1959 [1 Ƌı 1 ♀ at DZUP]; Florianópolis. Restinga Moçambique. 27³39 ’ Sı 48 ³28 ʹ W. Fezes humanas. iii-2010. CE Cerato [1 Ƌı 3 ♀♀ at CEMT]; Pinhal. Xii-1957. 700 mosl. [1 ♀ at DZUP]; Rio Natal. 400 mosl. i-1962 [1 ♀ at DZUP]; Rio Vermelho. 800 mosl. i-1958. [1 Ƌ at MZSP]; São Bonifácio. Parque Estadual Serra do Tabuleiro. 27³53 ’ Sı 48 ³51 ʹ W. JA Bogoni [1 Ƌı 1 ♀ at CEMT]; São Paulo: São Miguel Arcanjo. Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho. Fezes Brachyteles. 24³03 ʹ 53 ” Sı 47 ³59 ʹ 34 ” W. E Bovy [1 ♀ at CEMT]; same municipality and locality but 24³18 ʹ 41 ” Sı 48 ³24 ʹ 27 ” W. 581 mosl. M Boutefeu [1 Ƌı 1 ♀ at CEMT].

Redescription. Colour: blackı with blue sheen near elytral base. Head: fronto-clypeal surface smooth. Genal and inter-ocular space with fine punctures. Genal borders straight. Cephalic carina longer than wideı emarginated apically producing two tubercles at each apex. Pronotum: borders slightly serrated near anterior anglesı smooth after medio-lateral pronotal pit. Pronotal disc shinyı having few spaced fine punctures (viewed under 20x magnification) and a rounded central lobeı slightly emarginate at anterior portion. Anterior portion of pronotumı including excavation and anterior angles covered with fine but deeply impressed punctures. Posterior margin with a single-defined row of ocellate punctures. Metasternum: sides and anterior portion of anterior lobe covered by dense red setae. Setigerous punctures equally spacedı where present. Elytra: striae weakly impressed with weak punctures. Punctures separated by three times their diameter. The punctures on each stria base expandedı forming a small fovea. Interstriae flatı lacking microsculpture. Abdomen: punctures of anterior margin of each ventrite interrupted medially. Sides of ventrites 1 – 5 with a cluster of redı scattered setae. Aedeagus ( Figure 16 (d-f)): parameraı dorsally apexes truncateı parallel; longitudinal excavation present occupying half of the paramera length; basal round excavation present. Laterallyı subtle declivity towards the apex. Ventrallyı sclerotised portions of the base excavated; mid-section of sclerotised portion constrained; subgenital plate acute at basis and emarginate apically.

Morphological variation. Males and females BL: 19 – 23 mmı PW: 10 – 15 mm. Females distinguishable from males by the following: Head: fronto-clypeal surface transversely wrinkled. Cephalic carina transversalı apex straightı lacking tubercles. Pronotum: punctures coarser than those in males but following same distribution pattern. Elytra: striae deeply impressedı punctures separated by twice their diameter. Abdomen: sixth ventrite bearing a pair of triangular projections reaching the apical margin of the pygidium medially ( Figure 7 (b)).

Distribution. Brazilian Atlantic Forest south to Rio Doce river (state of Espírito Santo) in the states of ESı MGı PRı RJı RSı SC and SPı also in the Argentina portion of Paraná River Atlantic forest in the province of Missiones ( Figure 20 ).

Remarks. chosen Lectotype is the most developed male of Harold ’ s syntype series.

Figures

Figure 7. (a) Mandible of D. fissus (Harold), inc – incisory lobe (membranous), mo – molar lobe. (b) Maxilla and maxillary palp of same species, mxp – maxillary palp, ga – galea, las – lacinia. (c) Epipharynx of same species. (d) Labrum and labial palpomere of same species. (e) Ventral clypeal process of D. fissceps indicated by white arrow.(f) Antena of same species.esc – escapo, lam – lamella. (g) Macropterous hind wig of D. fissiceps. (h) Brachypterous hindwing of D. ingens.

Figure 16. Distribution map of the species in the D. ascanius group.

Figure 19. D. fissus: (a) male dorsal habitus; (b) female dorsal habitus; (c) female ventral habitus; (d) paramera dorsal view; (e) paramera ventral view; (f) paramera lateral view; (g) type labels.

Figure 20. Distribution map of the species in the D. fissus group.