Xyphinus lemniscatus Deeleman-Reinhold, 1987

Kranz-Baltensperger, Yvonne, 2014, The goblin spider genus Xyphinus (Araneae; Oonopidae), Zootaxa 3870 (1), pp. 1-79 : 18-21

Xyphinus lemniscatus Deeleman-Reinhold, 1987

( Figs 13–16 ; map 1 )

Type material. Male holotype and female paratype ( PBI _ OON 00031944 ), MALAYSIA: Sabah, Kinabalu National Park, Head Quarters , ca. 1550 m, dense forest, in litter, 24.VII.1980, leg. P. R. and C.L. Deeleman ( RMNH), examined .

Additional material examined. INDONESIA: East Kalimantan, 4 females ( PBI _ OON 00031775 ), Sepaku , 40 km NNW of Balikpapan, degraded rainforest litter, 2.–5.VIII.80, leg. Deeleman, RMNH . MALAYSIA: Sabah, 1 female ( PBI _ OON 00012367 ), Crocker Range, 1550–1650 m, 16. V .1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl, MHNG. Mt. Kinabalu : 1 male ( PBI _ OON 00031940 ), 1150 m, route Ranau to Kota Kinabalu, 24. V .1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl, MHNG. 1 female ( PBI _ OON 00012643 ), National Park, Headquarter, Liwagu River Trail, 1500–1550m, 27.IV.1987, leg. A. Smetana, MHNG . 1 male ( PBI _ OON 00012289 ), 1500 m, 30.IV.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl, MHNG . 2 females ( PBI _ OON 00012369 ), 1550–1650 m, 24.IV.1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl, MHNG .

Diagnosis. Males of X. lemniscatus can be recognized by their palps with the very long, heavily sclerotized apophysis, the laterally pointing bump and the slightly twisted membranous outgrowth on the bulb ( Figs 13H ; 14A–E ). Females are distinguished by the epigastric area consisting of a triangle-shaped, strongly protruding structure with a median stripe ( Figs 15B,E ; 16A–D ).

Description. Male. Total length 2.05 mm. Carapace: Orange-brown, broadly oval in dorsal view, domed in lateral view, anteriorly narrowed to 0.49 times its maximum width or less, with angular posterolateral corners, posterolateral edge without pits, anterolateral corners with slightly sclerotized triangular projections, posterolateral surface without spikes, surface of pars cephalica and sides smooth, fovea present; lateral margin with blunt denticles ( Fig. 13A,C ). Clypeus: Sinuous in frontal view, sloping forward in lateral view, high, ALE separated from edge of carapace by their radius or more ( Fig. 13D ). Eyes: PME largest, ALE and PLE circular, PME oval, posterior eye row recurved from above, straight from front; ALE separated by their radius to diameter, ALE and PLE separated by less than ALE radius, PLE and PME separated by less than PME radius, PME touching ( Fig.

13A,D). Sternum: As long as wide, sickle-shaped structures not touching, radial furrows opposite coxae III absent, anterior part strongly sclerotized. With evenly scattered setae. Surface smooth ( Fig. 13B,E ). Mouthparts: Chelicerae widely divergent, with swelling and microsculpture on anterior face ( Fig. 13C,G ). Labium rectangular, indented at middle, with 3-5 setae on anterior margin. Abdomen: Book-lung covers ovoid. Scuto-pedicel region with straight scutal ridge, with slightly longer setae dorsal of pedicel, originating from small bumps ( Fig. 13F ). Dorsal scutum orange-brown, surface sides covered with small bumps, without projecting denticles ( Fig. 13A,C,F ). Epigastric scutum not protruding. Postepigastric scutum with short posteriorly directed lateral apodemes ( Fig. 13B ). Posterior spiracles connected by groove. Legs: Tibia with three, metatarsi with one trichobothria each. Harpoon-like hairs covering the distal part of metatarsi and tarsi III and IV. Genitalia: Sperm pore situated at level of anterior spiracles. Trochanter normal size, unmodified. Femur one to two times as long as trochanter, attaching to patella subbasally; patella about as long as femur, prolateral surface covered with microsculpture; tibia with slightly longer setae in the prolateral, distal half and microsculpture on prolateral surface, with three trichobothria. Cymbium orange-brown, ovoid in dorsal view, fused with bulb, but with clearly defined seam between. Bulb dark red-brown, 1 to 1.5 times as long as cymbium, laterally with sclerotized bump, membranous outgrowth dorsally, twisted at its base. Bulb extending into a dark, thin and long rod, which is longer than the tibia and flexed at its base, directed upwards ( Figs 13A,H ; 14A–E ).

Female. Total length 2.34 mm. Carapace: Strongly elevated in lateral view ( Fig. 15C ). Clypeus straight in front view, vertical in lateral view. Eyes: Posterior eye row straight from above, procurved from front. Mouthparts: Chelicerae slightly divergent. Female palp spineless, femora with two spine-like hairs ventrally, tibiae with three trichobothria. Abdomen: Scuto-pedicel region with paired curved scutal ridges. Epigastric scutum strongly protruding ( Fig. 15C ). Genitalia: Epigastric furrow narrow. Dark, sclerotized, triangle-shaped, strongly protruding structure with a median stripe visible ( Figs 15E ; 16A–D ).

Figures

MAP 1. Records of X. hystrix (triangles), X. abanghamidi (circles), X. gibber (squares) and X. lemniscatus (stars).

FIGURE 13. Xyphinus lemniscatus male. A, habitus, dorsal view; B, habitus, ventral view; C, habitus, lateral view; D, carapace, anterior view; E, carapace, ventral view, SEM; F, abdomen, anterior view; G, left chelicera, promargin; H, left palp, retrolateral view, SEM. Scale bars A, B, C = 1 mm; D, F = 0.5 mm; E, G, H = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 14. Xyphinus lemniscatus male. A, C, left palp, prolateral view, arrows indicate microsculpture; B, E, left palp, retrolateral view; D, left palp, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 15. Xyphinus lemniscatus female. A, habitus, dorsal view; B, habitus, ventral view; C, habitus, lateral view; D, carapace, anterior view; E, abdomen, ventral view. Scale bars A, B, C = 1 mm; D, E = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 16. Xyphinus lemniscatus female. A, C, epigastric area, ventral view; B, D, same, dorsal view. Scale bars 0.1 mm.