Anastrepha surinamensis Norrbom, 2021

Norrbom, Allen L., Muller, Alies, Gangadin, Anielkoemar, Sutton, Bruce D., Rodriguez, Erick J., Savaris, Marcoandre, Lampert, Silvana, Rodriguez, Pedro A., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Nolazco, Norma, Troya, Henry, Keil, Clifford B., Padilla, Anabel, Wiegmann, Brian M., Cassel, Brian, Branham, Marc & Ruiz-Arce, Raul, 2021, New species and host plants of Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) primarily from Suriname and Pará, Brazil, Zootaxa 5044 (1), pp. 1-74 : 34-38

Anastrepha surinamensis Norrbom , new species

Figs. 14 , 62–64 , 92–93 , 110 , 138 , 163–164

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B1A0ABB6-7E27-410D-B4DA-09185A3A41FE

Diagnosis. Anastrepha surinamensis can be distinguished from other species of Anastrepha by the following combination of characters: Subscutellum and mediotergite without brown markings; V-band incomplete, distal arm present but not extended to vein R 4+5; oviscape 2.24–2.92 mm long, 0.86–0.96 times as long as mesonotum; aculeus 2.06–2.52 mm long, tip 0.18–0.22 mm long, 0.06–0.08 mm wide, distal 0.61–0.75 distinctly serrate. It resembles A. irretita Stone , but differs in having a narrower aculeus tip (0.084 –0.094 mm wide in A. irretita ) with the proximal serrations slightly dorsally curved, and incomplete V-band; A. fischeri Lima, but differs in having a slightly longer aculeus tip (approximately 0.15 mm long in A. fischeri ) and incomplete V-band; A. macra Stone , but differs in having shorter terminalia (aculeus 3.60–4.06 mm long in A. macra ), shorter and more serrate aculeus tip (0.36–0.39 mm long with distal 0.41–0.49 serrate in A. macra ), and lacking lateral brown markings on the mediotergite (variable in A. macra ); A. cicra Norrbom , but differs in lacking lateral brown markings on the mediotergite, having the distal arm of the V-band partially present, shorter terminalia (aculeus 3.70–4.37 mm long in A. cicra ), and a shorter aculeus tip (0.30–0.33 mm long in A. cicra ); and A. gangadini Norrbom , but differs in having a shorter aculeus tip (0.19–0.22 mm long vs. 0.34–0.36 in A. gangadini ).

In the key of Zucchi et al. (2011) A. surinamensis runs to A. montei Lima, from which it differs in having vein M 1 less strongly curved apically and the aculeus tip longer and distinctly serrate, to A. leptozona Hendel , from which it differs in having vein M 1 not reaching the S-band apically, longer terminalia compared to the mesonotum length, and a narrower aculeus tip, to A. dissimilis Stone , from which it differs in having the distal arm of the V-band not reaching vein R 4+5, and a narrower aculeus tip, to A. duckei Lima, from which it differs in having the distal arm of the V-band not reaching vein R 4+5 and shorter terminalia (aculeus approximately 3.9 mm long in A. duckei ), or to A. parishi Stone , from which it differs in having the V-band incomplete and separate from the S-band and the aculeus tip narrower (more than 0.10 mm wide in A. parishi ).

Six sequences of A. surinamensis , from four adult specimens from Brownsberg ( MT672201 , MT672204 – MT672206 ), one from Berg en Dal ( MT672202 ), and one from Tibitie ( MT672203 ), Suriname, were included in the COI barcode analysis of Moore et al. (in prep.). There are four unique sequences. The six sequences of A. surinamensis formed a separate cluster (i.e., with a COI barcode gap), with an intraspecific K2P distance of 0.0–0.6%. The smallest interspecific K2P distance was 1.6% with A. cicra and an undescribed species from Peru (Peru-61). Four subsequently obtained sequences, one from Berg en Dal ( MZ702886 ), two from Brownsberg ( MZ702887 , MZ702889 ), and one from Tibitie ( MZ702888 ) are consistent with previously sequenced specimens. A single partial ITS1 sequence from a female from Berg en Dal (USNMENT01526346) also differs from the other species of the fraterculus group that have been sequenced, although the most morphologically similar species still need to be sequenced.

Description. Mostly yellow to orange. Setae red brown to dark red brown.

Head: Yellow to orange except brown ocellar tubercle. 3–5 frontal setae; 1–2 orbital setae, posterior seta usually present but relatively weak. Ocellar seta weak, 1–2 times as long as ocellar tubercle. Facial carina, in profile, straight or concave on dorsal two-thirds. Antenna not extended to ventral facial margin. Palpus in lateral view dorsally curved, evenly setulose.

Thorax: Mostly yellow to orange, most of scutum orange; with following areas white to pale yellow: postpronotal lobe and lateral margin of scutum bordering it; medial scutal vitta, ovoid posteriorly, extending laterally to no more than midway between acrostichal and dorsocentral setae; sublateral scutal vitta from transverse suture to posterior margin, including base of intra-alar seta; scutellum; dorsal margins of anepisternum and katepisternum; katepimeron; and most of anatergite and katatergite. Scuto-scutellar suture without or infrequently with weak, poorly differentiated brown spot medially. Subscutellum and mediotergite entirely orange. Mesonotum 2.36–3.15 mm long. Postpronotal lobe, notopleuron, scutum and scutellum entirely microtrichose; scutal setulae pale brown except medially or medially and sublaterally or mostly orange except along dorsocentral line and laterally; non-setulose on narrow, elongate postsutural sublateral area. Chaetotaxy typical for genus. Katepisternal seta absent or weak, orange, at most one-third length of anepisternal seta.

Legs: Entirely yellow to orange.

Wing ( Figs. 62–64 ): Length 5.56–7.01 mm, width 2.24–2.91 mm, ratio 2.37–2.48. Apex of vein R 1 at 0.53–0.57 wing length, proximal to level of anterior end of crossvein r-m. Cell c 1.19–1.41 times as long as pterostigma; pterostigma 3.06–3.71 times as long as wide. Vein R 2+3 not sinuous. Crossvein r-m at 0.67–0.70 distance from bm-m to dm-m on vein M 1. Vein M 1 moderately strongly curved apically; cell r 4+5 at apex 0.85–1.01 times as wide as at level of dm-m, 0.78–0.85 times as wide as maximum subapical width. Cell cu a with distal lobe moderately long, length of cell cu a 1.54–1.65 times as long as anterior margin, lobe 0.73–0.95 times as long as vein CuA+CuP. Wing pattern mostly orange and moderate brown. C-band mostly orange, cells bc and c orange, pterostigma mostly brown, distal margin in cells r 1 and r 2+3 narrowly brown, with small ovoid dark brown spot on fork of vein Rs, and with ovoid to triangular, sometimes faint brown spot on posterior margin of band in cell br. C-band and S-band narrowly separated or connected along vein R 4+5; hyaline marginal spot in cell r 1 subtriangular to subquadrate, with apex aligned proximal to anterior end of crossvein r-m. Basal hyaline area in cell dm relatively small. Basal half of S-band relatively broad, mostly orange, anterobasal margin mostly narrowly brown in cells r 1, r 2+3 and br, sometimes faintly in latter, posterodistal margin mostly narrowly brown, but broadly posteriorly in cell m 4 but not or only very slightly extending into apex of lobe of cell cu a, without or with weak incision in cell m 4; distal section orange, with margins in cell r 2+3 and all of part in cell r 4+5 moderate brown; medium width, at apex of vein R 2+3 0.48–0.69 times width of cell r 2+3, not extended to apex of vein M 1, without marginal hyaline areas; hyaline area proximal to apex of band extended to vein R 2+3. V-band with proximal arm relatively narrow, mostly brown except for most of part in cell r 4+5 and extending slightly into cells dm and m 1; separate from S-band; on posterior margin extended three-fourths to four-fifths distance to vein CuA+CuP; distal arm slender, entirely brown or sometimes partially paler anteriorly, separated from proximal arm, extended anteriorly at least to vein M 1 or at most to approximately midway across cell cell r 4+5.

Abdomen: Mostly orange, without brown markings.

Female terminalia: Oviscape 2.24–2.92 mm long, 0.86–0.96 times as long as mesonotum; entirely orange; spiracle at basal 0.24–0.30. Eversible membrane ( Figs. 92–93 ) with dorsobasal denticles in subtriangular pattern, with 25–40 relatively short hooklike denticles in 4–5 V-shaped rows.Aculeus ( Fig. 110 ) straight to slightly ventrally curved in lateral view, 2.06–2.52 mm long, 0.83–0.92 times oviscape length; in ventral view base distinctly expanded, triangular, 0.18–0.20 mm wide, shaft 0.06–0.08 mm wide at midlength; tip ( Fig. 138 ) 0.18–0.22 mm long, 0.08–0.09 times aculeus length, 0.060 –0.075 mm wide at base, 0.065 –0.080 preapically, 2.67–3.33 times as long as wide; in ventral view gradually tapered, lateral margin very slightly concave on nonserrate part, distal 0.61–0.75 distinctly serrate, proximally serrations slightly dorsally curved, usually not fully visible in ventral view; 0.044 mm wide in lateral view, 0.59 times ventral width. Spermathecae not examined.

Male terminalia ( Figs. 163–164 ): Epandrium shorter than high in lateral view, in posterior view with posterodorsal margin without medial V-shaped indentation. Lateral surstylus relatively long, extended beyond prensisetae by 3.5–4.0 times length of prensiseta; in lateral view elongate triangular, apical half slender, posteriorly curved; in posterior view elongate triangular, apex narrowed, truncate to acute, medial margin convex basally, concave subapically, lateral margin straight to convex. Proctiger with ventral and lateral sclerotized areas separated. Phallus 3.57–3.90 mm long, 1.19–1.30 times as long as mesonotum; glans 0.50–0.56 mm long.

Distribution. Anastrepha surinamensis is known only from Suriname. We collected it at Berg en Dal, Brownsberg, Fredberg, and the Coebitie and Tibitie area.

Biology. The host plants and other aspects of the biology of this species are unknown.

Type data. Holotype ♀ ( USNM USNMENT00875035 ), SURINAME: Brokopondo: Brownsberg Nature Park , [Irene Val trail, 4.95606°N 55.1894°W, 349 m,] trap BNP-ML-25, [21 Apr –] 21 May 2017, A. Gangadin . Paratypes: SURINAME: Brokopondo: Berg en Dal, Bergendal Resort , 5.14165°N 55.07536°W, 53 m, trap BD-ML-28, 13– 19 Feb 2019, A. Muller, 3♀ ( MAAHF) ; Bergendal Resort , exit road, near guard post, S side, 5.14969°N 55.07088°W, 14 m, trap BD-ML-07, 31 May–13 Jun 2018, A. Muller, 1♀ ( MAAHF) ; Bergendal Resort , exit road, just outside guard post, S side, 5.14921°N 55.0715°W, 18 m, trap BD-ML-08, 8–21 Jun 2017, A. Muller, 1♀ ( USNM USN- MENT00875030 ) ; same, 17-30 May 2018, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526769 ) ; Bergendal Resort , exit road, hilltop, 5.14908°N 55.07515°W, 29 m, trap BD-ML-12, 3–16 Aug 2017, A. Muller, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526710 ) ; same, 20 Jan–2 Feb 2018, 1♂ ( MAAHF) ; Bergendal Resort , forested area between roads, 5.14808°N 55.06905°W, 13 m, trap BD-ML-27, 10–23 Oct 2018, A. Muller, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526346 ) ; Bergendal Resort , low patch of forest, below cabins, 5.14637°N 55.07037°W, 10 m, trap BD-ML-05, 28 Apr–12 May 2016, A. Muller, 1♀ ( FSCA) ; Bergendal Resort , road on bottom of hill, next to cabin C-45, 5.14597°N 55.06877°W, 6 m, trap BD-ML- 04, 28 Apr–12 May 2016, A. Muller, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526711 ) ; same, 19 Jan–2 Feb 2017, 1♀ ( NZCS) ; same, 14–27 Oct 2017, 2♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526712–13 ) ; same, 22 Dec 2017 – 4 Jan 2018, 1♂ ( NZCS) ; Ber- gendal Resort , trail to top of hill, 70 m before junction with trail along river, 5.14279°N 55.06849°W, 28 m, trap BD-ML-21, 28 Oct–8 Nov 2017, A. Muller, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526709 ) ; Brownsberg Nature Park , 4°56’55”N 55°10’55”W, 490 m, light trap, 14–15 Mar 2016, A. Muller, 1♂ 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526724–25 ) ; Brownsberg Nature Park , 4°56’23.937”N 55°10’18.855”W, trap BNP-ML-45, 9–19 Apr 2017, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526708 ) ; same, 12 Feb–15 Apr 2018, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01556870 ) ; same, 2 Sep–15 Oct 2018, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01556888 ) ; Brownsberg Nature Park , edge of old orchid garden, 4.94826°N 55.18102°W, 488 m, trap BNP-ML-12, 23 Jan–26 Feb 2017, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526699 ) ; same, 8–20 Apr 2017, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526726 ) ; same, 27 Oct 2017 – 11 Feb 2018, 1♀ ( USNM USN- MENT01526722 ) ; Brownsberg Nature Park, Irene Val trail, 4.9584°N 55.19082°W, 333 m, trap BNP-ML-23, 26 Apr–15 May 2016, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526715 ) ; same, 21 Jul–19 Aug 2016, 1♀ ( NZCS) ; same, 22 Aug–4 Sep 2016, 2♀ ( FSCA) ; same, 18 Sep–30 Oct 2016, 1♂ ( NZCS) ; same, 19 Mar–8 Apr 2017, 3♀ ( MAAHF) 1♂ 2♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526687–89 ) ; same, 17 Jul–18 Sep 2017, 1m 1♀ ( ICAT) ; same, 19 Sep–25 Oct 2017, 1♂ 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526320–21 ) ; same, 27 Oct 2017 – 11 Feb 2018, A. Gangadin, 3♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526718–20 ) ; same, 12 Feb–14 Apr 2018, 1♂ ( MAAHF) ; Irene Val trail, 4.95814°N 55.19033°W, 319 m, trap BNP-ML-24, 15 May–21 Jun 2016, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( FSCA) ; same, 19 Mar–8 Apr 2017, 1♂ 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526728–29 ) ; same, 19 Sep–25 Oct 2017, 1m 1♀ ( CDFA) ; same, 27 Oct 2017 – 11 Feb 2018, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526685 ) ; Irene Val trail, 4.95606°N 55.1894°W, 349 m, trap BNP-ML-25, 22 Jul–21 Aug 2016, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( NZCS) ; same, 22 Aug–4 Sep 2016, 1♀ ( FSCA) ; same, 19 Mar–8 Apr 2017, 1♂ 2♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526704–06 ) ; same, 9–18 Apr 2017, 2♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526690–91 ) ; same, 22 May–4 Jun 2017, 1♂ ( USNM USNMENT01526348 ) ; same, 17 Jul–18 Sep 2017, A 5♀ ( MAAHF) 3♀ ( USNM USN- MENT01526325–27 ) ; same, 19 Sep–25 Oct 2017, 1m 2♀ ( MAAHF) 2♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526322–23 ) ; same, 27 Oct 2017 – 11 Feb 2018, 3♀ ( SENASA) 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01354156–57 ) ; Irene Val trail, 4.95507°N 55.18983°W, 362 m, trap BNP-ML-26, 18 Sep–30 Oct 2016, A. Gangadin, 2♀ ( MAAHF) ; same, 22 May–4 Jun 2017, 1♀ ( NZCS) ; same, 17 Jul–18 Sep 2017, 2♀ ( NZCS) ; same, 19 Sep–25 Oct 2017, 1♀ ( MAAHF) ; same, 27 Oct 2017 – 11 Feb 2018, 2♀ ( NZCS) ; Irene Val trail, 4.95474°N 55.18998°W, 382 m, trap BNP-ML-27, 19 Mar–8 Apr 2017, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526716 ) ; same, 17 Jul–18 Sep 2017, 1♀ ( MAAHF) ; same, 27 Oct 2017 – 11 Feb 2018, 1♂ 2♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526730–32 ) ; Brownsberg Nature Park, Kumbu Val trail, 4.94471°N 55.19539°W, 417 m, trap BNP-ML-37, 9–19 Apr 2017, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( NZCS) ; Kumbu Val trail, next to mark 1.7 km, 4.94537°N 55.19421°W, 441 m, trap BNP-ML-38, 15 May–21 Jun 2016, A. Gangadin, 1m 1♀ ( MELQ) ; Kumbu Val trail, next to mark 1.6 km, 4.94574°N 55.19371°W, 467 m, trap BNP-ML-39, 9–19 Apr 2017, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526651 ) ; same, 12 Feb–15 Apr 2018, 1♀ ( ICAT) ; Kumbu Val trail, near mark 1.5 km, 4.94674°N 55.19285°W, 492 m, trap BNP-ML-40, 15 May–21 Jun 2016, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( NZCS) ; Brownsberg Nature Park, Leo Val trail, 4.95284°N 55.18799°W, 464 m, trap BNP-ML-28, 18 Sep–30 Oct 2016, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( MAAHF) ; same, 17 Jul–18 Sep 2017, 2♀ ( FSCA) ; Leo Val trail, 4.95234°N 55.18755°W, 472 m, trap BNP-ML-29, 27 Oct 2017 – 11 Feb 2018, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526721 ) ; Leo Val trail, near creek, 4.95143°N 55.18627°W, 477 m, trap BNP-ML-30, 19 Sep–25 Oct 2017, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( NZCS) ; Browns- berg Nature Park, Mazaroni top trail, 10 m before end, 4.95125°N 55.17612°W, 457 m, trap BNP-ML-01, 8–20 Apr 2017, A. Gangadin, 1♂ 2♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526695–97 ) ; same, 17 Jul–17 Sep 2017, 1♀ ( NZCS) ; same, 18 Sep–26 Oct 2017, 1♀ ( FSCA) ; same, 27 Oct 2017 – 11 Feb 2018, 4♀ ( USNM) ; same, 12 Feb–15 Apr 2018, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01556842 ) ; Mazaroni top trail, 50 m from camera trap, 4.95116°N 55.17638°W, 442 m, trap BNP-ML-02, 17 Jul–17 Sep 2017, A. Gangadin, 2♀ ( MAAHF) ; same, 26 Oct 2017 – 10 Feb 2018, 1♀ ( MAAHF) ; Mazaroni top trail, 4.95104°N 55.17717°W, 449 m, trap BNP-ML-04, 18 Mar–7 Apr 2017, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526652 ) ; Mazaroni top trail, 4.95101°N 55.17771°W, 463 m, trap BNP-ML-05, 12 Feb–15 Apr 2018, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01527086 ) ; same, 12 Feb–14 Apr 2018, 3♀ ( NZCS) 2♀ ( USNM USN- MENT01556847–48 ) ; Mazaroni top trail, 4.95092°N 55.1782°W, 462 m, trap BNP-ML-06, 15 May–20 Jun 2016, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( NZCS) ; Mazaroni top trail, in front of old cabin, 4.95034°N 55.17903°W, 454 m, trap BNP-ML- 08, 22 Aug–4 Sep 2016, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( FSCA) ; same, 17 Jul–17 Sep 2017, 1♂ ( FSCA) ; same, 27 Oct 2017 – 11 Feb 2018, 1♀ ( NZCS) ; Mazaroni Val trail, 4.93785°N 55.20152°W, 470 m, trap BNP-ML-33, 20 Mar–9 Apr 2016, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( FSCA) ; same, 9–18 Apr 2017, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526707 ) ; same, 21 Apr–21 May 2017, 1♀ ( NZCS) ; same, 26 Oct 2017 – 10 Feb 2018, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526650 ) ; Mazaroni Val trail, 4.93727°N 55.20097°W, 484 m, trap BNP-ML-34, 19 Dec 2016, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( NZCS) ; Mazaroni Val trail, 4.93592°N 55.20094°W, 491 m, trap BNP-ML-35, 17 Jul–17 Sep 2017, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( NZCS) ; same, 12 Feb–15 Apr 2018, 1♀ ( MAAHF) 2♀ ( USNM USNMENT01556845–46 ) ; Mazaroni Val trail, 200 m before waterfall, 4.93897°N 55.20195°W, 418 m, trap BNP-ML-31, 27 Oct 2017 – 11 Feb 2018, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526723 ) ; same, 12 Feb–15 Apr 2018, 1♀ ( FSCA) ; Witti Creek trail, 4.94491°N 55.17800°W, 393 m, trap BNP-ML-16, 2 Sep–15 Oct 2018, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01355868 ) ; Brownsberg Nature Park, Witti Creek trail, 4.94555°N 55.17842°W, 411 m, trap BNP-ML-17, 22 May–3 Jun 2017, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( USNM USN- MENT01526698 ) ; Witti Creek trail, 4.94615°N 55.1798°W, 441 m, trap BNP-ML-19, 16 May–22 Jun 2016, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( NZCS) ; same, 25 Feb 2017, 1♀ ( FSCA) ; same, 9–19 Apr 2017, 1♀ ( MAAHF) ; same, 21 Apr–21 May 2017, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT00875034 ) ; same, 19 Sep–25 Oct 2017, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526727 ) ; Witti Creek trail, 4.94611°N 55.18029°W, 412 m, trap BNP-ML-20, 16 May–22 Jun 2016, A. Gangadin, 1m 1♀ ( NZCS) ; same, 17 Jul–18 Sep 2017, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526318 ) ; same, 11 Feb–15 Apr 2018, 1♀ ( NZCS) ; Witti Creek trail, 4.94641°N 55.18143°W, 461 m, trap BNP-ML-22, 26 Oct 2017 – 10 Feb 2018, A. Gangadin, 1♂ ( USNM USNMENT01526686 ) ; same, 11 Feb–15 Apr 2018, 2♂ ( USNM USNMENT01556843–44 ) ; Witti Creek trail, 4.94162°N 55.1745°W, 336 m, trap BNP-ML-42, 16 May–22 Jun 2016, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( MAAHF) ; same, 26Apr–15May 2016, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526714 ) ; same, 9–19Apr 2017, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT00875031 ) ; same, 12 Feb–15 Apr 2018, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526771 ) ; same, 2 Sep–15 Oct 2018, 1♂ 1♀ ( USNM USN- MENT01355874–75 ) ; Witti Creek trail, 4.94146°N 55.17288°W, 287 m, trap BNP-ML-43, 17 Jul–18 Sep 2017, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( MAAHF) ; Witti Creek trail, 4.94084°N 55.17246°W, 295 m, trap BNP-ML-44, 9–19 Apr 2017, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT00875036 ) ; same, 19 Sep–25 Oct 2017, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT00875003 ) ; same, 2 Sep–15 Oct 2018, 1♂ 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01355880–81 ) ; Witti Creek trail, near mark 0.5 km, 4.94589°N 55.17902°W, 419 m, trap BNP-ML-18, 21 Aug–3 Sep 2016, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( FSCA) ; same, 25 Feb 2017, 1♀ ( FSCA) ; same, 19 Mar–8 Apr 2017, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT00875033 ) ; same, 9–19 Apr 2017, 2♀ ( USNM USN- MENT01526700 , USNMENT01526701 ) ; same, 4–16 Jun 2017, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526653 ) ; same, 17 Jul–18 Sep 2017, 2♀ ( FSCA) ; same, 26 Oct 2017 – 10 Feb 2018, 3♀ ( FSCA) ; same, 11 Feb–15 Apr 2018, 1♀ ( MAAHF) 1♀ ( FSCA) ; same, 2 Sep–15 Oct 2018, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01355848 ) ; Witti Creek trail, near mark 0.8 km, 4.94399°N 55.1774°W, 352 m, trap BNP-ML-14, 18 Sep–30 Oct 2016, A. Gangadin, 1♂ 3♀ ( FSCA) ; same, 19 Mar–8 Apr 2017, 1♂ 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526812–13 ) same, 27 Oct 2017 – 11 Feb 2018, 1♀ ( USNM USN- MENT01354165 ) ; Witti Creek trail, near mark 0.8 km, 4.94452°N 55.17768°W, 377 m, trap BNP-ML-15, 16 May–22 Jun 2016, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526717 ) ; same, 19 Sep–25 Oct 2017, 1♀ ( NZCS) ; same, 26 Oct 2017 – 10 Feb 2018, 2♀ ( USNM) ; same, 2 Sep–15 Oct 2018, 1♂ 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01355863– 64 ) ; Witti Creek trail, at detour, 4.94293°N 55.17639°W, 352 m, trap BNP-ML-13, 19 Mar–8 Apr 2016, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( FSCA) ; same, 16 May–22 Jun 2016, 1♀ ( MAAHF) ; same, 18 Sep–30 Oct 2016, 1♀ ( MAAHF) ; same, 17 Jul–18 Sep 2017, 2m 3♀ ( NZCS) ; same, 19 Sep–25 Oct 2017, 2♂ ( FSCA) ; same, 2 Sep–15 Oct 2018, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01355859 ) ; Witti Creek trail, next to mark 1.1 km, 4.94265°N 55.17566°W, 340 m, trap BNP-ML-41, 9–19 Apr 2017, A. Gangadin, 2♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526702–03 ) ; same, 17 Jul–18 Sep 2017, 1♀ ( CDFA) ; same, 19 Sep–25 Oct 2017, 3♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526692–94 ) ; same, 26 Oct 2017 – 10 Feb 2018, 1♂ ( USNM USNMENT01526684 ) ; same, 2 Sep–15 Oct 2018, 1♂ 2♀ ( MAAHF) 1♀ ( MELQ) ; Fredberg , 4°38’36.3”N 55°28’27.2”W, trap FB-ML-04, 8 Aug 2018, A. J. Hielkema, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526217 ) ; Fredberg , trap FB- ML-09, 1 Mar 2020, A. J. Hielkema, 1♀ ( NZCS) ; Fredberg , top, 4.64806°N 55.49450°W, 275 m, trap FB-ML-02, 1 Mar 2020, A. J. Hielkema, 3♀ ( NZCS) ; Fredberg , trap FB-ML-10, 1 Mar 2020, A. J. Hielkema, 7♀ ( MAAHF) . Para: Coebitie area, road to Witagron , 5.35816°N 55.49687°W, 41 m, trap CB-ML-01, 15 Nov 2016, A. Muller, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526768 ) ; Tibitie area, road to Witagron, Farm Fleurkens / Soekhlal , 5.30499°N 55.52474°W, 38 m, trap FF-ML-05, 15-28 Dec 2016, A. Muller, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526770 ) ; Farm Fleurkens / Soekhlal , 5.30475°N 55.52387°W, 40 m, trap FF-ML-06, 17–30 Sep 2017, A. Muller, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT00875032 ) ; Tibitie area, road to Witagron, Sheep farm, 5.27276°N 55.53992°W, 23 m, trap TB-ML-02, 26 May–1 Jun 2016, A. Muller, 1♀ ( MAAHF) ; Tibitie area, road to Witagron , sheep farm, 5.27221°N 55.54006°W, 46 m, trap TB-ML-03, 24 Feb–9 Mar 2016, A. Muller, 1♀ ( FSCA) .

Etymology. The name of this species is derived from Suriname, the country where the type series was collected.

Comments. This species is tentatively placed in the fraterculus species group. Although it lacks brown lateral markings on the subscutellum or mediotergite which are present in the majority of the species of the group, it is very similar to A. cicra Norrbom and A. macra Stone , members of the group which do have brown markings on the mediotergite (variable in A. macra ), in having a narrow, partially serrate aculeus tip, terminalia length, and other characters. In the COI analysis of Moore et al. (in prep.), A. surinamensis clusters with A. cicra , A. gangadini , A. irretita Stone , A. macra , and three undescribed species from Ecuador, Panama and Peru. In the phylogenetic analysis of Mengual et al. (2017), A. cicra and A. macra formed the sister group to the rest of the fraterculus group.

Figures

FIGURES 13–14. Habitus: 13, A. sobrina (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875613); 14, A. surinamensis (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875034).

FIGURES 55–66. Wings: 55–58, A. neptis (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875006; Ecuador: Yasuní, USN- MENT01354762, USNMENT01526575; Peru: ExplorNapo, USNMENT00875626); 59–61, A. sobrina (French Guiana: Mitaraka, USNMENT00875228, Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875613, USNMENT01354412); 62–64, A. surinamensis (Suriname: Farm Fleurkens, USNMENT00875032, Brownsberg, USNMENT00875033, USNMENT00875035); 65–66, A. tenebrosa (Peru: ExplorNapo, USNMENT00766120, USNMENT00875629).

FIGURES 92–97. Eversible membranes, dorsal unless otherwise indicated: 92–93, A. surinamensis (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875034, USNMENT00875035); 94–95, A. tenebrosa (Peru: ExplorNapo, USNMENT00766120; 95, apical); 96, A. triangularis (Suriname: Berg en Dal, USNMENT00875026); 97, A. wittiensis (Suriname: Brownsberg, USN- MENT01526260).

FIGURES 98–120. Aculei, ventral unless otherwise indicated: 98, A. aithogaster (Suriname: Brownsberg, USN- MENT00875210); 99, A. aliesae (Suriname: Coebitie, USNMENT00875194); 100, A. brownsbergiensis (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875023); 101–102, A. curvivenis (Peru: Tarapoto, USNMENT0074464; Suriname: Brownsberg, US- NMENT00875205); 103, A. fuscoalata (Suriname: Coebitie, USNMENT00875201); 104–105, A. gangadini (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875037, USNMENT00875039); 106–107, A. juxtalanceola (Brazil: REBIO-Rio Trombetas, USNMENT01113849; Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875157); 108, A. microstrepha (Suriname: Brownsberg, US- NMENT01526060); 109, A. mitaraka (French Guiana: Mitaraka, USNMENT00875225); 110, A. surinamensis (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875031); 111, A. tenebrosa (Peru: ExplorNapo, USNMENT00875629); 112, A. triangularis (Suriname: Berg en Dal, USNMENT00875026); 113–114, A. crassaculeus (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875105; 114, lateral); 115–116, A. neptis (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875004; Peru: ExplorNapo, USNMENT00875626); 117, A. sobrina (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875613); 118, A. wachiperi (French Guiana: Mitaraka, USNMENT00875217); 119–120, A. wittiensis (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT01526260; 120, lateral).

FIGURES 132–144. Aculeus tips, ventral unless otherwise indicated: 132–133, A. microstrepha (Suriname: Brownsberg, USN- MENT01526060; 133, lateral); 134, A. mitaraka (French Guiana: Mitaraka, USNMENT00875225); 135–136, A. neptis (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875004; Peru: ExplorNapo, USNMENT00875626); 137, A. sobrina (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875613); 138, A. surinamensis (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875031); 139, A. tenebrosa (Peru: ExplorNapo, USNMENT00875629); 140, A. triangularis (Suriname: Berg en Dal, USNMENT00875026); 141–143, A. wachiperi (French Guiana: Mitaraka, USNMENT00875217; Peru: Villa Carmen, USNMENT00744968; 143, lateral); 144, A. wittiensis (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT01526260).

FIGURES161–164.Male terminalia,lateral and posterior:161–162, A.sobrina (Suriname:Brownsberg,USNMENT01354412); 163–164, A. surinamensis (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT01526348).