Cionus montanus Wingelmüller, 1914

Košťál, Michael & Caldara, Roberto, 2019, Revision of Palaearctic species of the genus Cionus Clairville (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cionini), Zootaxa 4631 (1), pp. 1-144 : 83-84

49. Cionus montanus Wingelmüller, 1914 stat. prom.

Figs 49 a–f.

Cionus longicollis montanus Wingelmüller, 1914: 195 ; 1921: 113; 1937: 176. Smreczyński, 1976: 56. Caldara, 2013: 124. Alonso-Zarazaga et al., 2017: 185.

Type locality. Merano (Trentino Alto Adige, Italy) .

Type series. In coll. Wingelmüller ( NHMW), there are 23 specimens labeled in full accordance with the original description. We selected a male glued on a triangular card, formerly dissected for genitalia and labeled “ Tirolis Meran O.Leonhard. / ♂ / longicollis v. montanus [Wingelmüller´s handwriting] Wingelm. det.”, and designated it as the lectotype of Cionus longicollis ssp. montanus Wingelmüller by adding the printed red label “ LECTOTYPUS Cionus longicollis ssp. montanus Wingelm. Michael Košťál des. 2012”. The lectotype is 4.35 mm long, completely preserved. Remaining 22 specimens were labeled as paralectotypes accordingly: 1 ♀ “ Tirolis Meran / ♀ / longicollis v. montanus Wingelm. det.”, 3 ♂♂ and 4 ♀♀ “Ratzes Tirol 1893 / ♂ [or] ♀ / thapsi / longicollis v. montanus det. Wingelmüll. [or] Wigelm.”, 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ “Mann 1876 Schulder-bach / ♂ [or] ♀ / thapsi / longicollis v. montanus det. Wingelmüll. ”, 4 ♂♂ “ Moravia Brüsau / ♂ / montanus”, 1 ♂ “ Moravia Kromau / ♂ / montanus”, 2 ♂♂ “ ♂ / Ung. Hradisch Mähren / v. montanus ”, 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ “Ganglb. 92 Wochein / thapsi / ♂ [or] ♀ / longicollis v. montanus det. Wingelm. [or] Wingelmüll.”, 1 ♂ “Gglb. 1890. Rekawinkel / thapsi / ♂ / longicollis v. montanus det. Wingelmüll. ”, 2 ♀♀ “Gglb. 1885. Kirchbg. a. Wechsel / ♀ / thapsi / longicollis v. montanus det. Wingelmüll. ”. In the collections of SMDEI, there are 8 specimens labeled as “ Syntypus ” of Cionus longicollis ssp. montanus Wingelmüller. All 8 specimens were labeled as paralectotypes as follows: 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ “Krain. Sawitza Wasserf. 20/7 94.”, 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ “ Moravia Kromau”, 2 ♂♂ and 2 ♀♀ “ Tirolis Meran”. In the collections of MTD, there are 6 specimens, three of them (1 ♂, 2 ♀♀) labeled “ Moravia Brüsau / ♂ [or] ♀ / longicollis v. montanus Wingelmüller / 1913 43. / PARA- TYPE / Staatl. Museum für Tierkunde Dresden”, one male with the same labeling from “ Moravia Kromau”, and a couple labeled “ Tirolis Meran O. Leonhard. / PARATYPE / Sammlung K. Hänel Ankauf 1947 / Staatl. Museum für Tierkunde Dresden”. All six specimens were labeled as paralectotypes . All paralectotypes are conspecific with the lectotype.

Synonyms. None.

Redescription. Male. Body stout, subparallel. Head: rostrum, head between eyes, eyes and antennae as in C. longicollis . Pronotum: black, moderately wider than long (Pl/Pw 0.77), punctation and scales as in C. longicollis ; widest at base, moderately convergent in basal half, then fluently more narrowed to anterior margin without abrupt angle in lateral outline. Prosternum: anterior margin with relative deep, sharply incised subquadrate emargination, anteriorly bounded by sharp protruding shiny edge, separated from coxae by relatively broad prosternal area. Scutellum: as in C. longicollis . Elytra: brown, shaped as in C. longicollis (El/Ew 1.22), at base somewhat wider than pronotum (Ew/Pw 1.68); interstria 1 from 1/4 to 1/2 of medial length and in preapical area broadened, interstria 2 at same lengths narrowed and constricted laterally, interstria 3 almost straight encompassing round black tomentous maculae without differently colored scale border; interstriae and their pattern similar to that of C. longicollis , patches of black scales larger and more numerous; striae as in C. longicollis ; entire surface covered with evenly densely arranged recumbent to subrecumbent, elongate (l/w 4–7), yellowish and sparsely intermixed subrecumbent black scales almost completely concealing integument. Venter: as in C. longicollis except for clearly concave transversally punctured metasternum and striking deep, almost entirely punctured to transversally ribbed impression on ventrites 1 and 2. Legs: as in C. longicollis except for tibiae with recumbent and subrecumbent scales, without gingery scales. Penis: Figs 40 d–f, its body long, almost parallel-sided, slightly narrowed before apical part, broadly tapered to rounded at apex.

Female. Rostrum longer (Rl/Pl 1.33), apical part of rostrum in dorsal view slightly concave. Ventrites 1 and 2, and claws as in C. longicollis .

Variability. Length ♂♂ 3.85–4.83 mm, ♀♀ 4.13–5.09 mm. This species does not vary remarkably except for the body size. The dorsal elytral macula is moderately smaller in some specimens.

Diagnosis. Cionus montanus is recognizable by almost concealed elytral integument, subparallel elytra, medium large dorsal and preapical elytral maculae without border of differently colored scales, relatively stout rostrum, in lateral view of same width from base almost to apex, strikingly deep and broad impression on ventrites 1 and 2 in males.

Comparative notes. Cionus montanus is very closely related to C. longicollis , from which it differs by smaller size of both elytral maculae, lack of border of differently colored scales, mostly straight elytral interstria 3 nearby dorsal macula, and longer, in basal half distinctly convergent pronotum. The stability of morphological characters, and the partial sympatry supported by different biology indicate that the difference between C. longicollis and C. montanus is interspecific.

Biological notes. The first author collected a series of specimens on Verbascum densiflorum in central Slovakia. Smreczyński (1976) reported also V. lychnitis and V. thapsus as host plants. C. montanus differs also strikingly biologically from C. longicollis . It inhabits montane zone in southern Europe, plain to hilly areas of central Europe, and plains in northern Europe, Scandinavia included.

Distribution. Distributional area of C. montanus reaches from Spain (Aragon, Pyrenees, 2,300 m a. s. l., 1 ♂ Germann leg.) through France, Germany, central Europe, Italy (southwards to Aspromonte, Calabria), Romania, Bosnia, all Scandinavian countries, Ukraine, Russia to western Siberia in Altai foothills (Bystryanka N 52°16.5´E 85°50.9´, 300 m a. s. l., 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ Košťál leg.) across most European countries. It does not probably occur in Greece, Anatolia, the Caucasus and Transcaucasus.

Non-type specimens examined. We examined 420 specimens from all above mentioned countries and regions of distribution.

Figures

FIGURES 49–50. FIGURE 49. Cionus montanus. a: body in dorsal view (male), b: body in lateral view (male), c: rostrum in lateral view (female), d: penis in ventral view, e: penis in lateral view, f: apex of penis in dorsal view. FIGURE 50. Cionus atlanticus. a: body in dorsal view (male), b: body in lateral view (male), c: rostrum in lateral view (female), d: penis in ventral view, e: penis in lateral view, f: apex of penis in dorsal view. Not to scale.

FIGURES 39–40. FIGURE 39. Cionus olivieri. a: body in dorsal view (male), b: body in lateral view (male), c: rostrum in lateral view (female), d: penis in ventral view, e: penis in lateral view, f: apex of penis in dorsal view. Not to scale. FIGURE 40. Cionus bremondi. a: body in dorsal view (male), b: body in lateral view (male), c: rostrum in lateral view (female), d: penis in ventral view, e: penis in lateral view, f: apex of penis in dorsal view. Not to scale.