Cionus donckieri Pic, 1898

Košťál, Michael & Caldara, Roberto, 2019, Revision of Palaearctic species of the genus Cionus Clairville (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cionini), Zootaxa 4631 (1), pp. 1-144 : 54-55

30. Cionus donckieri Pic, 1898

Figs 30 a–f.

Cionus donckieri Pic, 1898: 4 . Reitter, 1904: 59. Wingelmüller, 1914: 215; 1921: 109; 1937: 197. Caldara, 2013: 123. Alonso- Zarazaga et al., 2017: 185.

Type locality. Tokat ( Turkey) .

Type series. Cionus donckieri was described based on unknown number of specimens. In coll. Pic ( MNHN), there is 3.95 mm long, damaged male with missing and torn legs designated by Białooki (2006) as the lectotype of Cionus donckieri Pic. As the citation of labeling in the lectotype designation is inexact, we report it again: “ Tokat / 8 / n. sp. pr. Merkli xx / type / C. Donckieri Pic / Reitt. vid / Wingelmuller... [illegible] / Cionus Donckieri Pic ♂ Sahlbergi... [illegible] / TYPE [printed red label] / COLL. PIC / Cionus donckieri Pic, 1898 LECTOTYPE design. P. Białooki2005”.There are no designated paralectotypes and no redescription published by Białooki (2006). Despite of slight inaccuracies in the label citation by Białooki (2006), according to Article 74.7 of the ICZN (1999), the lectotype designation is valid.

Synonyms. None.

Redescription. Male. Body medium stout, subparallel. Head: rostrum medium stout, medium long (l/ w 4.73, Rl/Pl 1.27), brown to dark brown; in lateral view slightly, unevenly curved, basal and apical part almost straight, at antennal insertion abruptly curved, of approximately same width from base to antennal insertion, then moderately tapered to apex; in dorsal view very slightly broadened from base to antennal insertion, then same width to apex, basal part moderately constricted laterally, apical part dorsoventrally flattened; very densely, confluently longitudinally punctured to rugulose except very close to apex, at apex with densely arranged round punctures and small median smooth area; basal part with up- and backwardly oriented, subrecumbent to suberect, yellowish and whitish elongate scales, apical part with suberect to erect, forwardly oriented, longer whitish seta-like scales. Head between eyes narrow, somewhat more than 0.4 rostrum width at base. Eyes large, rounded, not protruding from head outline. Antennae reddish-brown, with darkened club, inserted shortly before 0.7 of rostrum length; funicle of 2/3 scape length, segment 1 markedly wider than segment 2, segment 1 twice as long as wide, segment 2 more than three times as long as wide, segment 3 moderately longer than wide, segments 4 and 5 as long as wide; club shortly suboval to spindle-shaped, slightly more than twice as long as wide, completely covered with recumbent, light yellowish to reddish hairs and sparse long erect sensilla. Pronotum: blackish, moderately wider than long (Pl/Pw 0.75), densely, finely unevenly punctured, punctures subrotund, of unequal size, spaces between punctures smaller or larger than puncture diameter; covered with evenly distributed, variously oriented subrecumbent to suberect, elongate (l/w 6–9) yellow to grayish scales; widest at base, in basal half slightly narrowed, rounded, in anterior half distinctly narrowed to anterior margin, subrotund, without constriction, in lateral view in basal part flat, then moderately falling to anterior margin. Prosternum: anterior margin with sharply incised, deep semicircular emargination bounded by tiny tubercles, separated from coxae by narrow prosternal area. Scutellum: long triangular with relatively sharp apex, covered with scales similar to those on elytra, punctured. Elytra: reddish-brown to dark brown, in basal 2/3 subparallel, in apical part less broadly rounded, moderately elongate (El/Ew 1.30), widest at about 1/3 of their length, at base somewhat wider than pronotum (Ew/Pw 1.57), humeri subrotund, slightly prominent, without posthumeral impression; very slightly convex on disc; interstria 1 shortly before 1/3 of medial length and in preapical area slightly broadened, interstria 2 at same lengths indistinctly narrowed and constricted laterally encompassing small subrotund black tomentous maculae without differently colored scale border; interstriae almost flat, except perimacular areas of approximately equal width; odd interstriae, especially in posterior part of elytra, with very sparsely and unevenly distributed patches of black scales, without patches of light scales; striae as in C. leonhardi ; entire surface densely covered with recumbent and subrecumbent, elongate (l/w 4–8) yellow to grayish scales almost fully concealing integument, all interstriae with densely, unevenly distributed, erect seta-like scales moderately longer than width of interstria, of same color as other scales on elytra, with only very rarely intermixed black seta-like scales. Venter: covered with densely (sides) and semidensely (along midline) arranged, backwardly oriented recumbent yellow to grayish elongate scales; mesosternal process flat, broad, subquadrate, feebly emarginate at posterior margin, densely scaled and punctured; metasternum moderately concave, transversally punctured to ribbed, ventrites 1 and 2 with deep, evenly punctured impression; ventrite 1 1.5 × as long as ventrite 2, ventrites 1–2 combined 4.4 × as long as ventrites 3–4 combined, ventrites 3–4 combined of 0.7 length of ventrite 5. Legs: brown, profemora with small but relatively long sharp teeth emphasized by erect scales, meso- and metafemora with spineshaped to subtriangular large sharp teeth; femora covered with recumbent to subrecumbent, tibiae with suberect to erect, almost evenly densely arranged elongate yellowish scales, tarsomeres 1–3 with erect whitish hair-like scales, onychia covered with recumbent, long, thin whitish hairs, metatibial apices with short longitudinal fringe of erect scales on medial tibial edge; protarsal onychia long, by 1/4 longer than tarsomeres 1–3 combined, tarsomere 3 wider than long; claws as in C. leonhardi . Penis: Figs 30 d–f, very similar to that of C. leonhardi .

Female. Rostrum markedly longer (Rl/Pl 1.81), antennal insertion shortly beyond half of rostrum length, metatibiae without fringe of scales. Ventrites 1 and 2 without impression. Claws of approximately equal length.

Variability. Length ♂♂ 3.80–4.75 mm, ♀♀ 3.84–5.25 mm. This species shows remarkable variability in vesti- ture: both dorsal and preapical maculae and elytral black pattern may be completely absent. The rostrum length in both sexes, especially in females, and the elytral shape vary moderately.

Diagnosis. Cionus donckieri is recognizable by almost concealed elytral integument, antennal insertion in males closer to apex, beyond 0.7 of rostrum length, long protarsal onychium in males, distinct short, longitudinal fringe of erect scales on medial metatibial edge, erect seta-like scales on elytra, and penis shape.

Comparative notes. Cionus donckieri is very closely related to C. wanati , from which it differs by generally less distinct elytral pattern, longer rostrum in females, and presence of scale fringe on male metatibial apices. It differs from the related C. leonhardi and C. hypsibatus by erect seta-like scales on elytra.

Biological notes. The first author collected many specimens in Turkey (Hasangazi pr. Ulukisla) on Verbascum sp.

Distribution. Turkey (entire country except northern coast), Armenia.

Non-type specimens examined. We examined 136 specimens from both mentioned countries.

Figures

FIGURES 29–30. FIGURE 29. Cionus hypsibatus. a: body in dorsal view (male), b: body in lateral view (male), c: rostrum in lateral view (female), d: penis in ventral view, e: penis in lateral view, f: apex of penis in dorsal view. Not to scale. FIGURE 30. Cionus donckieri. a: body in dorsal view (male), b: body in lateral view (male), c: rostrum in lateral view (female), d: penis in ventral view, e: penis in lateral view, f: apex of penis in dorsal view. Not to scale.