Cionus flavopunctatus Wingelmüller, 1914

Košťál, Michael & Caldara, Roberto, 2019, Revision of Palaearctic species of the genus Cionus Clairville (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cionini), Zootaxa 4631 (1), pp. 1-144 : 46-47

25. Cionus flavopunctatus Wingelmüller, 1914

Figs 25 a–f.

Cionus flavopunctatus Wingelmüller, 1914: 189 ; 1921: 111; 1937: 170. Caldara, 2013: 123. Alonso-Zarazaga et al., 2017: 185.

Type locality. Fergana , Alai Mountains (probably in present-day Kyrgyzstan) .

Type series. In coll. Wingelmüller ( NHMW), there are three male and two female specimens labeled “ ♂ / Alai mont. Fergana / Cionus flavopunctatus Type Winglm.”, “Alai mont. Fergana / ♂ / flavopunctatus det. Wingelmüll. ”, “Alai mont. Fergana / ♂ ”, “Alai mont. Fergana / ♀ / Cionus flavopunctatus Type Wingelm.” and “Alai mont. Fer- gana / ♀ ”. Labeling and habitus of all above specimens correspond to data and characters in the original description. These specimens are undoubtedly syntypes. The first cited specimen, 3.75 mm long, well-preserved male with missing left medial tarsus, glued, with originally dissected genitalia was designated as the lectotype of Cionus flavopunctatus Wingelmüller by adding the label “ LECTOTYPUS Cionus flavopunctatus Wingelm. M.Košťál et R.Caldara des. 2011 [printed red label]”. The remaining specimens were labeled as paralectotypes accordingly. The lectotype, one male and two female paralectotypes were remounted, and the males were dissected for genitalia .

Synonyms. None.

Redescription. Male. Body medium stout, subrotund. Head: rostrum moderately slender, medium long (l/ w 4.8, Rl/Pl 1.20), black; in lateral view basal part moderately evenly curved, from antennal insertion to apex very slightly narrowed; in dorsal view same width to very slightly broadened from base to apex, basal part distinctly laterally constricted, apical part moderately dorsoventrally flattened; basal part very densely, apical part densely longitudinally punctured; basal part covered with back- and upwardly oriented, almost recumbent, elongate, black to yellowish scales, apical part covered by forwardly oriented, suberect, relatively densely arranged, long whitish seta-like scales. Head between eyes narrow, of almost 0.5 of rostrum width at base. Eyes large, broadly rounded, very slightly protruding from head outline. Antennae reddish-brown, inserted shortly beyond 2/3 of rostrum length; funicle of 0.8 scape length, segment 1 distinctly wider than segment 2, segment 1 twice, segment 2 almost three times as long as wide, segments 3–5 as long as wide, subglobose; club elongate, approximately three times as long as wide, of same length as funicle, completely covered with recumbent to subrecumbent tiny yellowish hairs and more sparse, erect, long whitish sensilla. Pronotum: dark brown, somewhat wider than long (Pl/Pw 0.66), very densely evenly punctured, punctures subrotund, of unequal sizes, spaces between punctures clearly smaller than puncture diameter; covered with recumbent to subrecumbent, unevenly distributed, up- and forwardly oriented, yellow elongate (l/w 4–7) scales leaving large bare-looking areas on base and sides being covered with subrecumbent dark scales; widest very shortly beyond base, slightly narrowed up to mid-length, then more conically narrowed to anterior margin, with only indistinct broad shallow constriction in anterior part. Prosternum: anterior margin with medium deep, subrectangular, sharply incised emargination not bounded by tubercles, separated from coxae by narrow prosternal area. Scutellum: triangular, with rounded apex, almost without yellow scales except apex and posterior margin, densely punctured. Elytra: dark brown to reddish-brown, in basal 2/3 slightly rounded, short (El/Ew 1.11), widest approximately in mid-length, at base markedly wider than pronotum (Ew/Pw 1.70), humeri subrotund, moderately prominent, with indistinct posthumeral impression; almost flat on disc; interstria 1 at about 1/3 of medial length distinctly, in preapical area slightly broadened, interstria 2 at same lengths on dorsum narrowed and constricted laterally encompassing relatively small, slightly oblong, black tomentous macula without differently colored scale border; interstriae except perimacular areas of approximately equal width; odd interstriae with striking, almost evenly distributed, alternating bright yellow and black patches formed by suberect scales, patches protruding from elytra outline giving impression of seemingly vaulted odd interstriae; striae shallow, formed by single rows of densely arranged subrotund punctures; entire surface covered with recumbent, elongate (l/w 5–8) yellow and shorter black scales almost completely concealing integument. Venter: covered with semidensely distributed, mostly backwardly oriented, recumbent to subrecumbent, yellowish, thin elongate hair-like scales clustered on margins of ventrites 2–5 and metepisternum into small patches; mesosternal process flat, subquadrate, almost straight at posterior margin, densely punctured, covered with elongate yellowish scales; metasternum slightly concave, with transversally arranged, dense oblong punctures and fine ribs; ventrite 1 and almost entire median part of ventrite 2 with relatively deep longitudinal impression, very densely evenly punctured to transversally ribbed; ventrite 1 1.7 × as long as ventrite 2, ventrites 1–2 combined 4.5 × as long as ventrites 3–4 combined, ventrites 3–4 combined of 0.7 length of ventrite 5. Legs: dark brown to reddish-brown, profemora with medium-sized sharp teeth emphasized by erect, yellowish elongate scales, meso- and metafemora with large triangular sharp teeth; femora and tibiae covered with subrecumbent to suberect yellowish and black intermixed elongate scales, on femora clustered into indistinct transverse bands or spots, tarsi covered with suberect whitish hair-like scales, onychia with recumbent whitish hairs; protarsal onychia of normal length, approximately as long as tarsomeres 1–3 combined, protarsal tarsomere 3 wider than long; protarsal lateral claws clearly shorter, meso- and metatarsal medial claws slightly shorter than their pairclaws. Penis: Figs 25 d–f, its body long, at apex narrowly rounded.

Female. Rostrum brown, moderately longer (Rl/Pl 1.38), apical part with densely arranged fine punctures, antennal insertion at 0.6 of rostrum length. Ventrites 1 and 2 without impression, convex. Claws equally long.

Variability. Length ♂♂ 3.75–4.18 mm, ♀♀ 3.78–4.30 mm. This species is somewhat variable in elytral and pronotal integument color, which varies from reddish-brown to black. The rostrum in some specimens is slightly unevenly more curved at antennal insertion.

Diagnosis. Cionus flavopunctatus is recognizable by almost concealed elytral integument (in fresh specimens), very slightly (in males) or moderately (in females) narrowed rostrum in lateral view, parallel or broadened apical part of rostrum in dorsal view, elongate antennal club, very striking yellow and black alternating prominent patches of scales on odd elytral interstriae, deep impression on ventrites 1 and 2 in males, and penis shape.

Comparative notes. Cionus flavopunctatus is most closely related to C. auriculus , from which it differs by elongate antennal club, striking elytral pattern, uneven pronotal scaling with bare-looking areas, and penis shape.

Biological notes. Biology unknown.

Distribution. Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Iran, W China.

Non-type specimens examined. KYRGYZSTAN: “Tschintschan Tau Gebge. Coll. Hauser ” (1 ♂ NHMB; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ NHMW), “Fergana Turkest.” (1 ♂ ZSMC; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ZFMK) ; UZBEKISTAN: Chatkal (1 ♂, 1 ♀ KO) , Aktash (1 ♂ BN) ; TAJIKISTAN: Ganishob (2 ♂♂ KY) ; IRAN: Gilan (7 spec. TI) , Marzan (1 ♀ coll. Messutat), Elbrus (1 ♂ KO) ); CHINA: Xinjiang province, Tuomu´er feng, Wensu, Akesu, 2,400 m a. s. l. (1 ♂, 1 ♀ IZCAS) .

Figures

FIGURES 25–26. FIGURE 25. Cionus flavopunctatus. a: body in dorsal view (male), b: body in lateral view (male), c: rostrum in lateral view (female), d: penis in ventral view, e: penis in lateral view, f: apex of penis in dorsal view. Not to scale. FIGURE 26. Cionus auriculus. a: body in dorsal view (male), b: body in lateral view (male), c: rostrum in lateral view (female), d: penis in ventral view, e: penis in lateral view, f: apex of penis in dorsal view. Not to scale.