Senecio castagneanus Candolle (1838a: 354)

Calvo, Joel, Álvarez, Inés & Aedo, Carlos, 2015, Systematics of Senecio section Crociseris (Compositae, Senecioneae), Phytotaxa 211 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

13. Senecio castagneanus Candolle (1838a: 354) . TYPE: Turkey, Constantinople, [41º10'N 28º50'E], 1822, J.L.M. Castagne s.n. (lectotype, designated by Matthews (1975: 158), G-DC-204945 image!).

Senecio tmoleus Boissier (1844: 13) . TYPE: Turkey, Izmir, Alaşehir, Tmoli cacumina supra Philadelphiam [Boz Dağ, 38º19'N 28º05'E], June 1842, E. Boissier s.n. (lectotype, designated here, G-Boiss-150444 image!; isolectotype, G-DC!).

Perennial herb. Rhizome 1.3–4.5 cm long, 0.4–1 cm in diam., ± horizontal, with swelled fastigiate roots. Stem 28–99 cm, erect, leaved, corrugated, solid, not ramificated, weakly arachnoid to glabrescent, base usually with tufts of hairs and without remnants of old leaves. Basal leaves 3.1–14.5 cm long, 1.3–4.5 cm wide, persistent, sometimes withering early, lanceolate to ovate (ratio basal leaf width / basal leaf length = 0.21–0.57), obtuse, attenuate to cuneate, with a petiole 1.3–14 cm long, dentate to shallowly sinuate (teeth 0.7–2.7 mm deep), more pronunced at lower third, sometimes slightly revolute, glabrescent, concolorous. Cauline leaves 6–13; middle cauline leaves 1.9–10.5 cm long, 0.2–1.5 cm wide, alternate, oblong to narrowly lanceolate (ratio middle leaf width / middle leaf length = 0.08–0.30), acute, sessile, rarely attenuated into a petiole up to 2 cm long, entire to slightly dentate (teeth 0.5–1.7 mm deep), glabrescent to weakly arachnoid, tertiary venation inconspicuous; upper cauline leaves 1–6 cm long, 0.1–0.8 cm wide, linear to narrowly lanceolate (ratio upper leaf width / upper leaf length = 0.10–0.33), acute, sessile, sometimes semi-amplexicaul, entire to subentire, weakly arachnoid to glabrescent. Synflorescence 3–30 cm long, corymbose, with linear-oblong bracts, rarely narrowly lanceolate. Capitula (1–)4–10(–18), 24.1–41.6 mm in diam.; involucre 9.4–15.8 mm in diam., 8–12 mm long, bell-shaped to obconical; involucral bracts (19–)20–22(–28), 5.5–9.1 mm long, 0.8–1.7 mm wide, with scarious margin 0.3–0.6 mm wide, ensiform to subulate, attenuate, 1-keeled to smooth, apex often with a black spot, glabrescent; supplementary bracts (10–)12–15(–18), 3.2–6.9 mm long, 0.4–1.3 mm wide, subulate, sometimes with scarious margin up to 0.2 mm, a half to three quarters as long as involucral bracts, weakly arachnoid, not imbricated. Ligulate florets 12–16, 12.2–20.7 mm long, yellow; tubular florets 5.8–9.7 mm long, 0.8–1.5 mm in diam., yellow. Achenes ca. 3.8 mm long, ca. 0.9 mm wide, subcylindrical, shorter than pappus, with ca. 10 ribs, with intercostal trichomes 0.1–0.3 mm long; pappus 5.5–8.3 mm long, whitish. Chromosome number: unknown. Figure 18 .

Distribution and habitat: — Turkey (mainly western Anatolia); subalpine meadows, woods of Quercus , Pinus , unless on siliceous soils; elevations of 1250–2100 m ( Figure 20 ).

54 • Phytotaxa 211 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press

CALVO ET AL.

Phenology: — Flowering from April to July.

Etymology: — Senecio castagneanus is named in honor of Jean Louis Martin Castagne (1785–1858), French merchant and amateur botanist, who sent some specimens to Candolle.

Discussion: — Senecio castagneanus is a species characterized by bearing 12–15 supplementary bracts three quarters as long as involucral bracts, weakly arachnoid, achenes hairy, and basal leaves usually dentate to shallowly sinuate on the lower part. Nonetheless, this species presents a high variability with regard to the habit, number of capitula, and shape and size of basal leaves. It was described in the surroundings of Constantinople. In this area the specimens tend to be smaller, with thin ± ovate basal leaves, shallowly sinuate towards the base and with a thicker margin. The southern populations, described by Boissier as S. tmoleus , are more robust and are characterized by bearing thicker and lanceolate basal leaves. The indumentum of the leaves and the involucre is also variable. Nonetheless, the lack of a clear geographical separation of both forms and the existence of intermediate specimens led us to treat them as part of infraspecific variability of a single species.

There are three species morphologically similar to S. castagneanus , i.e., S. macedonicus , S. olympicus , S. tauricola (see comments under respective species), and S. pseudoorientalis . From the latter Senecio castagneanus differs in its achene indumentum: glabrous (rarely with some trichomes near the top) in S. pseudoorientalis vs. covered with intercostal trichomes in S. castagneanus . In addition, the number of supplementary bracts is higher in S. castagneanus , and S. pseudoorientalis tends to be glabrous on its stem, leaves and involucre. Another character to differentiate both species is the shape of the synflorescence bracts, usually broadly lanceolate in S. pseudoorientalis vs. linear-oblong to narrowly lanceolate in S. castagneanus . Their ranges do not overlap, and the populations from Konya represent the eastern limit of S. castagneanus . Among the Crociseris species, it overlaps with S. cilicius , S. inops , and S. tauricola , although it only might be misidentified with S. tauricola (see comments under it).

Selected specimens examined. TURKEY. Afyon: Afyon Bayat, 39º1’N, 30º57’E, 27 June 1975, M . Vural 266 ( G) . Balikesir: m. Ida, mt. Szu-Szus-Gagh, 39º42’N, 26º49’E, July 1883, P . Sintenis 628 ( BM, BR, C, G, LE, S, WU) . Bursa: in Olÿmpo Bÿthinico, 40º4’N, 29º12’E, 1844, C. G . D. Nees s.n. ( K); Uludağ-Soğukpinar, a continuación de Yayla oh Soğukpinar , 40º4’N, 29º7’E, 5 July 1980, M . Nydegger 15128 ( G) . Eskişehir: Sündiken dagi, 39º58’N, 31º6’E, 30 June 1970, T . Ekim 16 ( E) . Istanbul: Alemdagh, près Elmaly, 41º4’N, 29º17’E, 24 May 1891, G. V . Aznavour s.n. ( G); Karlidagh , 41º7’N, 29º8’E, 21 May 1899, G. V . Aznavour s.n. ( G); flanc oriental de Benyuk- Tchamlidja , 41º8’N, 28º26’E, 22 May 1908, G. V . Aznavour s.n. ( G, M, S); prope Ciamlicia ultra Scutarim , 41º1’N, 29º1’E, 1850, Clement s.n. ( G) . Izmir: Izmir, Göztepe, near top, 38º23’N, 27º5’E, 18 Apr 1937, B . Post s.n. ( G); Tmolos occidentalis, supra Armutlu , 38º21’N, 27º33’E, 14 July 1933, O . Schwarz 931 ( B) . Konya: Phrygia, Akscheher , in regione alpina montis Sultandagh, 38º19’N, 31º20’E, 25 June 1899, J . Bornmüller 4624 ( B, WU); Bozkir-Kuruçay , 37º11’N, 32º9’E, 18 June 1968, R . Çetik 301 ( G); Hadim-Taschkent, 4 km südlich Hadim , 36º57’N, 32º28’E, 15 June 1948, A . Huber-Morath 8543 ( G) . Kütahya: Murat Dağ (above Gediz) above Kesik Söğüt, 38º57’N, 29º38’E, 5 July 1962, P. H . Davis & M. J. E . Coode 36762 ( K) . Manisa: l'Yaïla de Bozdagh (Tmoleus occidental), 38º20’N, 28º23’E, 20 July 1854, B . Balansa s.n. ( G, LE) .

Figures

FIGURE 18. A–J. Senecio macedonicus Grisebach subsp. macedonicus—a, b. Habit (drawn from Univ. Copenhagen Excurs. 75, C).—c. Capitulum (drawn from Heldreich 939, S).—d. Involucral bract (drawn from drawn from Heldreich 939, S).—e. Supplementary bract (drawn from drawn from Heldreich 939, S).—f. Ligulate floret (drawn from drawn from Heldreich 939, S).—g. Tubular floret (drawn from Heldreich 939, S).—h. Stamens (drawn from Heldreich 939, S).—i. Achene (drawn from Greuter 15973, B).—j. Indumentum of achene (drawn from Greuter 15973, B). K–L. Senecio castagneanus Candolle (drawn from Nemetz s.n. 27 June 1897, WU)—k. Basal leaf.—l. Synflorescence.

FIGURE 20. Distribution map for Senecio castagneanus Candolle (○) and S. olympicus Boissier (▲).