Anthomyia amoena ( Macquart, 1851 )

Ackland, D. M., 2001, Revision of afrotropical Anthomyia Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), with descriptions of ten new species, African Invertebrates 42, pp. 1-94 : 55-61

Anthomyia amoena ( Macquart, 1851)

( Figs 123–132 )

Spilogaster amoenus Macquart, 1851: 261 .

Anthomyia amoena: Stein, 1906: 74 ; Stein, 1908: 173; Bezzi, 1908: 97; Stein, 1910 b: 160; Stein, 1919: 147;

Bezzi, 1923: 80; Bezzi & Lamb, 1926: 565; Emden, 1941 b: 261; Emden, 1948: 163 (in part);

Emden, 1951: 329, 353; Orian, 1962: 25.

Hylemyia fasciata Walker, 1858: 217 ; Stein, 1906: 73; Stein, 1908: 173; Bezzi, 1908: 96; Speiser, 1910:

159. Syn. n.

Spilogaster fasciata: Stein, 1901: 195 .

Anthomyia fasciata: Stein, 1913: 562 ; Stein, 1918: 199; Stein, 1919: 147; Speiser, 1924: 103; Malloch,

1924: 268, 274; Karl, 1935: 47; Emden, 1941 b: 261; Paterson, 1956: 164; Emden, 1958: 9;

Orian, 1962: 25; Peris, 1963: 101; Disney, 1973: 212; Beaver, 1986: 196.

Hylemyia tricolor Bigot, 1885: 301 ; Stein, 1906: 73; Stein, 1907: 289. Synonymy after Stein, 1906: 73.

Anthomyia tricolor: Bezzi, 1908: 96 ; Stein, 1913: 562; Stein, 1919: 147; Pont & Ackland, 1980: 715; Pont,

2000: 28.

Lectotype ^ of amoena : MAURITIUS: ‘ Spilogaster / amoenus ^ / Macquart n. sp. ’ [rectangular white label]; ‘Type’ [rectangular red label]; ‘2901.40’ [dark green disc; these numbers refer to Mauritius, collector Desjardins]. In Macquart coll. MNHNP No 989, box 27. Lectotype labelled as such by Pont, but not published; this specimen is here designated as lectotype to fix the current taxonomic concept and to ensure its consistent future interpretation. The lectotype has been partly eaten by beetle pests, otherwise in good condition; right anterior pleura, sides and venter of abdomen eaten away; right wing, left fore tibia and tarsus, and all right legs missing. I examined this specimen in 1975, when it was brought to London by the late Dr L. Matile. I am grateful to Dr A. C. Pont for permission to quote from his unpublished MS on Macquart’s species, which includes data on the labels, and to make this lectotype designation.

Lectotype Ò of tricolor : SOUTH AFRICA: KwaZulu-Natal: standing over the label: ‘ H. tricolor Ò / Port Natal J. Bigot’ [rectangular white label with black line border]; on pin: ‘Lectotype’ [white circular label with purple perimeter]; ‘Ost Afrika / Port Natal / Coll. Bigot’ [blue rectangular handwritten label]; ‘ LECTOTYPE Ò / designated by / A. C. Pont, 1977 / Hylemyia / tricolor / Bigot’ [white square printed and handwritten label with red line border]; ‘ H. tricolor / EX COL. BIGOT’ [white printed and handwritten label]. It is rather damp, left mid tibia and tarsus, and right hind tarsal segments 4–5 missing, otherwise in fair condition. The lectotype designation was effectuated by Pont 2000: 228. In UMO, revised during present study.

Holotype Ò of fasciata : SOUTH AFRICA: KwaZulu-Natal: ‘Holotype’ [circular white label with red perimeter]; ‘Natal’ [white rectangular handwritten label]; ‘ fasciata Wkl. ’ [white rectangular handwritten label]; ‘ HOLOTYPE Ò / Hylemyia / fasciata Walker / 1853, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. (2)4: 21’ [white rectangular handwritten label with red border]. In reasonable condition, head damaged on one side. In BMNH, revised during present study.

Other material examined: ANGOLA: 1Ò, (A37), 5 mls NE Negola, 25.iii.1972, Southern African Exp. , 1972 ( BMNH) ; 1Ò, (A41), Joao de Almeida, 29.iii.1972, Southern African Exp. , 1972 ( BMNH) ; 2^, Bruco, 26.ii–2 iii.1972, Southern African Exp. , 1972 ( BMNH) . BOTSWANA: 1^, Kenye , i.1956, F. Zumpt ( BMNH) ; 1^, Mabebe Plate , 7.x.1958, F. Zumpt ( BMNH) ; 2^, B11, Moremi Reserve, 19 ° 23'S: 23 ° 33'E, 18– 20.iv.1972, Southern African Exp. , 1972 ( BMNH) ; 3Ò1^, (B8), L. Ngami, 2 mls NE Sehitha, 15–16.iv.1972, Southern African Exp. , 1972 ( BMNH) . CAMEROON: 2Ò5^, Kumba , vi.1970, R. H. L. Disney ( BMNH) . CAPE VERDE ISLANDS: 1Ò1^, Nicolau, Mte. Gordo , 9–15.xii.1953, Panelius ( BMNH) . DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: 2Ò, Albertville , 1.ix.1931, Prof. J. D.A. Cockerell ( BMNH) . GHANA: 4Ò1^, [no locality], 1910, W. P. Lowe ( BMNH) ; 1^, Aburi , 1912–13, W. H. Patterson ( BMNH) ; 1Ò1^, [on same mount], Kumasi, 16.viii [illegible year], JB (BMNH); 1Ò, Accra , iii.1920, Dr J. W. S. Macfie, laboratory ( BMNH) ; 3Ò, same data but iii.1921; 2^, same data but 1922; 1Ò3^, Yapi , 1–4.vi.1916, Dr J. J. Simpson ( BMNH) ; 1^, Accra , x–xi.1921, Dr A. Ingram ( BMNH) ; 3^, Ashanti, Obuasi , 12.vi.1907, Dr M. W. Graham ( BMNH) . IVORY COAST: 1^, Comoé Nat. Park, Kakpin Camp , 08 ° 40'N: 03 ° 12'W, 16–18.iv.1989, J. G. H. Londt, Malaise & savanna woodland ( NMSA) . MALAWI: 1Ò, Naiwale , 28.xii.1928, Dr W. A. Lamborn ( BMNH) ; 1Ò, Zomba, [no date], H. S. Stannus ( BMNH) . MAURITIUS: 1Ò, Curepipe , 3.vi.1971, A. M. Hutson ( BMNH) ; 1Ò2^, Round Is., summer, 1975 (BMNH); 1^, Black River, 17.vi.1971, A. M. Hutson ( BMNH) . MOZAMBIQUE: 1Ò, Luabo , i.1956, P. Usher ( BMNH) ; 2Ò, same data, ( NMSA) ; 1^, Laurenco Marques , 11.iii.1953, F. Zumpt ( BMNH) ; 1^, same locality, 1909, J. de O. S. de Azevedo ( BMNH) ; 1Ò, Lumbo , 1.ix.1918, A. Loveridge ( BMNH) ; NAMIBIA: 1Ò, Rundu dist., Simanya Okavanga River, 17 ° 33'17''S: 18 ° 32'30''E, 23–24.i.1998, A. H. Kirk-Spriggs & E. Marais, Malaise traps, riverine forest ( NMWN) ; 2^, Katara Okavanga R., 17 ° 48'56''S: 18 ° 53'38''E, 20– 23.i.1998, A. H. Kirk-Spriggs & E. Marais, Malaise traps ( NMWN) ; 1^, 20 km E Rundu , 17 ° 55'46''S: 19 ° 58'43E, 17–18.x.1999, Kirk-Spriggs & Pape Hauwanga, Malaise trap sample ( NMWN) ; 1^, Opuwa dist., Ekuje village, Kuneme River, 17 ° 19'30''S: 13 ° 48'58''E, 11–12.x.1999, Kirk-Spriggs & Pape Hauwanga, ( NMWN) ; 1^, NW Epembe at: 17 ° 26'27''S: 13 ° 17'31''E, 8.x.1999, Kirk-Spriggs & Pape Hauwanga, Malaise traps river bed ( NMWN) ; 1Ò2^, Otavi dist., Algamas , 471, 19 ° 28'S: 17 ° 17'E, 1–2.xi.1985, J. Irish ( NMWN) ; 1Ò2^, Tsumeb dist., Gaub , 47, 19 ° 28'S: 17 ° 00'E, 16– 26.vii.1986, J. Irish, Malaise trapping ( NMWN) ; 1Ò, (W39), Kombat, 16–17.ii.1972, Southern African Exp. , 1972 ( BMNH) ; 1Ò, (10), Plateau Fm., 22 mls E Aus, 14– 17.i.1972, Southern African Exp. , 1972 ( BMNH) ; 1Ò1^, (29), Kahn River, 5 mls N Usakos, 30–31.i.1972 ( Southern African Exp. BM) ( BMNH) ; 1^, (W50), Gobiswater Fm, 12 mls N Grootfontein, 5.iv.1972, Southern African Exp. , 1972 ( BMNH) . NIGERIA: 1Ò, Samaru , 1–2.vi.1970, P. H. Ward, mercury vapour light trap ( BMNH) ; 1^, same locality but 3–10.vi.1970 ( BMNH) ; 1Ò, NW State , Mokwa, I. A. R. mile 4, 17– 19.viii.1970, P. H. Ward ( BMNH) ; 1^, same data but 9.vi.1970, Forestry Res. Centre ( BMNH) ; 1Ò1^, Zaria, Samaru , 21–23.vi.1969, J. C. Deeming, m. v. trap (BMNH) ; 1^, same locality but 10.vii.1977 ( BMNH) ; 1Ò, Ikoyi , Lagos, 10.ii.1972, M.A. Cornes ( BMNH) ; 1Ò, same locality but 16.vii.1956 ( BMNH) ; 1Ò1^, Yaba , 18.v.1913, Dr J. W. Scott-Macfie ( BMNH) ; 1Ò, same data but 30.vi.1913 ( BMNH) ; 1^, Ibadan , 21.vi.1913, Dr W.A. Lamborn ( BMNH) ; 2Ò, same data but 15.vii.1913 ( BMNH) ; 2^, Ile-Ife , 25.xi.1974, J. T. Medler ( BMNH) ; 1^, Agege , 9.iv.1911, Dr A. Cornell ( BMNH) . RODRIQUEZ ISLAND: 1Ò, viii–xi.1918, H. P. Thomasset & H. J. Snell ( BMNH) . SEYCHELLES: 1Ò1^, Mahon , ix.1908, Prof. J. S. Gardiner ( BMNH) ; 1^, Aldabra , ix.1908, J. C. F. Fryer ( BMNH) . SIERRA LEONE: 1^, Njala , viii.1934, E. Hargreaves ( BMNH) ; 1^, Bo , 2.viii.1909, Dr H. E.Arbuckle ( BMNH) . SOUTH AFRICA: Northern Province: 2Ò6^, Kruger Park, Shongile borehole near Letaba , 2331 Cd , 9.xii.1972, tree-trunks & water edge ( NMSA) ; 1^, Letaba Est , iii.1978, S. Kamburov ( NMSA) ; 1Ò, River Limpopo, 23 ° 00'S: 27 ° 57'E, 25–26.iv.1972, Southern African Exp. , 1972 ( BMNH) ; 1Ò, Tzaneen , i.1953, F. Zumpt ( BMNH) ; 1^, same locality but xii.1952, F. Zumpt ( BMNH) ; 1^, same locality but 14.xii.1931, B. de Meillon ( BMNH) . Mpumalanga: 1Ò, Houtbosloop River, near Rivulets, Nelspruit Dist. , 2530BC, 6.xi.1970, B. Stuckenberg, gallery forest ( NMSA) ; 2Ò, Kruger Park, 2431 Db , 20 km NNE of Tsokwane, near road junction S35–37, 5.i.1974, B. & P. Stuckenberg, open savanna ( NMSA) . North West: 1Ò, Potgietersrust , 6.xii.1953, F. Zumpt ( BMNH) . Gauteng: 1Ò, Meyerton , 25.iii.1974, F. Zumpt ( BMNH) . KwaZulu-Natal: 1^, Umlalazi Nature Res., SE 2831DD, 27–27.i.1987, J. G. H. Londt, dune forest & margin ( NMSA) ; 1^, #93, Midlands, Howick , 29 ° 29'S: 30 ° 13'E, 1060 m, 2.x.1981, A. E. Whittington, pan trapped in grass ( NMSA) ; 8Ò, Zululand, Ndumu , xi.1967, F. Zumpt ( BMNH) ; 1Ò, same locality, 2632 Cc , 26.x.1972, M. E. Irwin ( NMSA) ; 2Ò, same locality, Ingwavuma Dist., Tongaland , 1–10.xii.1963, B. Stuckenberg ( NMSA) ; 1Ò, 15 km SE Ingwavuma , 2732AA, 21.ii.1979, J. G. H. Londt, sunny area with big trees, ex Malaise trap ( NMSA) ; 7Ò2^, Empangeni , 28 ° 38'S: 31 ° 42'E, 5–15.i.1990, Reavell, Malaise trap ( NMSA) ; 2Ò, Illovo Beach , 27.ii.1954, F. Zumpt, ( BMNH) ; 1Ò, Umhlanga Bush, near Durban , 9.xi.1962, B. & P. Stuckenberg, from coastal forest ( NMSA) ; 1Ò, Pietermaritzburg, Montrose in garden, 2930BC, 11.vi.1983, J. G. H. Londt ( NMSA) ; 1Ò1^, Maritzburg , 25.xii.1903, Paulus ( NMSA) [Ò on same pin as a specimen of A. ornata ^]; 2^, Lynnfield Park , 6–8.iv.1989, A. E. Whittington, Malaise trap ( NMSA) ; 1^, Weenen Nature Reserve , 28 ° 57'S: 29 ° 59'E, 1080 m, 1–4.x.1990, A. E. Whittington, Umthombe watertable ( NMSA) ; 1^, Kosi Bay Nat. Reserve , 2632DD, 30.xi–2.xii.1982, J. Londt, D. Barraclough & B. Stuckenberg, forest & open woodland areas ( NMSA) ; 1^, Mkuzi Game Reserve , ca. 27 ° 35'S: 32 ° 13'E, 11.i.1988, J. G. H. Londt, 100 m, main camp & caravan park areas ( NMSA) . Eastern Cape: 1Ò1^, Port St. John’s , 19.ii.1954, [illegible] forest, Paterson ( BMNH) ; same locality, x.1916, H. H. Swinny ( NMSA) ; 1^, same locality but 14.ii.1950 ( BMNH) . SEYCHELLES: 2^, Mahe , ix.1908, Prof. J. S. Gardiner ( BMNH) . SUDAN: 1^, Delami , NMP, 24.iv.1927, W. Ruffledge, rock shade ( BMNH) . TANZANIA: 3Ò, Zanzibar, Prison Is. 27.xi.1912 ( BMNH) ; 1Ò, Makoa , 6–25.ii.1969, E. Lindner ( SNMS) . UGANDA: 1Ò, Entebbe , 5.v.1954, F. Zumpt, nesting [illegible] ( BMNH) ; 1Ò, Kampala, 8.xii.1916, C. C. Gowdey ( BMNH) ; 6Ò, Kampala, Mulago , 4.ix.1936, E. G. Gibbins, on exuded Eucalyptus sap ( BMNH) ; 1Ò, nr Junja , ix.1956, M. C. Williams, from cormorant’s and little egret’s nest material ( BMNH) . ZAMBIA: 2Ò, Roma Lusaka, 8–11.1976, G. W. H. ( BMNH) ; 1^, same locality but 22.xii.1974 ( BMNH) ; 1^, same locality but 7.i.1976 ( BMNH) ; 1^, Lusaka, 20.ii.1979, R. A. Beaver, bred from old snail ( BMNH) ; 1Ò, same locality, 1.xii.1979, G. W. Howard ( BMNH) . ZIMBABWE: 1Ò1^, Gatooma , xii.1927, A. Cuthbertson ( BMNH) .

Male:

Colour: Interfrontalia, parafrontalia and genae varying from dark brown to blackish (with rather dense silvery dusting); parafrontals opposite lunule with a greyish shifting sheen stripe which extends from lunule to level of arista, and a blackish brown non-shifting spot in vibrissal angle which does not extend above genal groove when viewed in profile; face and occiput blackish (with normal dusting), except upper part of occiput greyish dusted. Antennae entirely dark brown to blackish. Palpi dark brown to black; arista paler basally; prementum dark brown, thinly dusted. Thorax ( Figs 123, 124 ) densely dusted (over dark ground-colour) with contrasting black and silvery grey pattern on dorsal surface; transverse postsutural band across the scutum complete between wing bases (anterior and posterior margins more or less straight, the latter just reaching 2nd postsutural dorsocentral setae); presutural spots generally joined behind head, forming a rectangular spot which is indented medially on posterior margin, and only reaches 1st presutural dorsocentral setae (sometimes this presutural mark is divided by narrow grey dusted vittae, and in some specimens the spots are not joined but remain separate); scutellum black on basal two-thirds, with silvery grey tip extending along lateral margins (occasionally scutellum entirely dark). Pleura largely grey dusted, only lower part of the post pronotal lobes brownish black. Abdomen largely densely dusted over dark to orange ground-colour (basal tergites often orange-yellow and rather translucent depending on angle of vision), with contrasting black and grey pattern on tergites (black central vitta on 3rd and 4th tergite nearly as wide as hind femur (anteriorly wider and joined to a narrow black band which expands into a smallish triangular spot laterally); pregenital sclerite contrastingly shining brownish black (undusted); sternites yellowish, hypopygium and 5th sternite rather finely dusted. Wing membrane slightly brownish grey tinged, with orange-brown veins; squamae whitish with whitish fringes; halteres yellow. Legs entirely dark brown to orange.

Head: Parafrontalia very narrow posteriorly (touching for about half length of frons), widening anteriorly to about width of first flagellomere, parafacials rather narrow, two-thirds width of first flagellomere; eyes separated by less than width of anterior ocellus, frontal stripe very narrow above lunule, about 1.5 times diameter of anterior ocellus; genae setae below lowest point of eye margin 0.25–0.26 times eye-height. 2 pairs of short parafrontal setae on anterior third of distance between antennal base and anterior ocellus; interfrontal setulae apparently absent. First flagellomere rather narrow, nearly 3.4 times as long as wide, (apex not quite reaching lower facial margin); arista tapering from base to apex (not abruptly narrowing in distal two-thirds), short plumose, total width of hairing from slightly less to more than width of first flagellomere. Prementum about 0.4 times as long as head height.

Thorax: 3 pairs of presutural acrostichals (the middle pair slightly stronger, and placed closer to anterior pair than to posterior pair) in rows separated by about distance from each to adjacent dorsocentral row, without additional setulae in between (occasionally an isolated setulose hair present); acr / dc ratio 1:1:1; posthumerals1 + 1; prealar of same length as posterior notopleural; dorsal surface of scutellum bare centrally; katepisternals 2 + 2, lower posterior nearly as long as upper anterior seta, lower anterior half length of upper anterior; anepisternum with a developed upper anterior setula.

Legs: f2 with row of 3–4 pv on about basal third; f3 with 7–8 av in distal half; t1 with 1 median pv; t2 without ad, 1–2 pd and 2p/pv; t3 with 1 av, 5–6 ad, 2 pd and 3–4 pv.

Wing: costa with all marginal spinules short; the pair before distal break not or hardly differentiated; lower cross-vein sinuate, joining M 1+2 obliquely; last section of M 1+2 1.4 times length of preceding section. Lower squama as long as upper.

Wing length up to 5.0 mm.

Abdomen: Long ovate and rather short (1.5–1.7 times as long as wide), widest at 3rd tergite; dorsoventrally semi-compressed in basal two-thirds. 4th sternite ( Fig. 127 ) about as long as wide, with a straight posterior margin, only lateral margins with long setae. 5th sternite processes ( Figs 127, 128 ) with quite numerous setae laterally along whole length, otherwise with only short setulae on convex inner margins of processes (which are densely pilose); membranous lobes ( Fig. 128 ) hardly projecting ventrally in lateral view, the apical setulae short. Central process of synsternite (6+7) ( Figs 131, 132 ) with divergent or parallel arms, which are pilose. Surstylus weakly downcurved, apical half equally wide in lateral view, in profile upper dorsal margin with a well developed lobe. Cercal plate ( Fig. 125 ) of about equal length and width, with a few short apical spinules and 1 pair of longer setulae on either side of them, otherwise setulose only on basal half, in profile apex weakly projecting, concealed behind surstylus. Pregonite small and short, not longer than wide ( Fig. 129 ), with 2 normal setulae on distal margin, postgonite ( Fig. 129 ) with an expanded setula on posterior ventral corner. Distal section of aedeagus ( Fig. 130 ) long and slender, with a proclinate dorsal process slightly separated from its base, dorsal margin of distal section straight in lateral view, then abruptly flexed in distal half.

Female:

Colour: Head dark as in male. Thoracic pattern very similar to that of male. Abdomen with black and grey pattern on abdominal tergites similar to that of male (with central black marks often triangular (wide basally). Legs dark or orange as in male.

Head: Eyes widely separated (by slightly more than their transverse width, ratio 5:4:5); interfrontalia at level of middle orbitals about twice as wide as each parafrontal; frontal stripe narrowed anteriorly; parafrontalia widening anteriorly to about width of first flagellomere; genae below lowest point of eye margin about 0.27 times eye-height. Arista as in male (often with longer hairing). Parafrontal setae differentiated into 3 pairs of orbital setae (anterior setae normally proclinate, posterior two reclinate) + 2 pairs of (inwardly directed) frontal setae; crossed interfrontal setae well developed, their tips reaching margins of frontal stripe.

Thorax: Presutural acrostichal setulae slightly stronger than in male. Katepisternals 2 + 2, both lower setae about half length of upper setae. Dusted frontal triangle with a rounded anterior margin.

Legs: f2 with 1 av and 2 pv on basal half; f3 with 5 av (shorter basally), and 1 preapical pv; t1 with 1 p; t2 with 1 ad, 2 pd and 2 p/pv; t3 with 1 av, 4–5 ad and 2 pd.

Wing length up to 5.0 mm.

Abdomen: Postabdomen equal in length to preabdomen. The ovipositor does not differ significantly from that of A.benguellae .

Discussion: Stein (1901) studied the type of fasciata Walker. In 1906 he synonymised Hylemyia tricolor Bigot with Hylemyia fasciata Walker. In 1907 he revised the non- European species of Anthomyiidae described by Bigot and Macquart, but did not include amoena . In 1908 he included both Anthomyia amoena and fasciata in a list of African Anthomyia . In 1910 he recorded Anthomyia amoena (Macq.) from the Seychelles, Aldabra and Madagascar. In 1913 he listed fasciata from several localities in South Africa. He commented that Macquart’s amoena was not identifiable without examination of the type (obviously not possible for him in 1913), but that it only differed (according to the description or specimens he identified as amoena ) from fasciata through a completely whitish grey, not weakly reddish abdomen. In 1919 he catalogued them as separate species of Anthomyia .

Neither Malloch (1924) nor Karl (1935) mentioned amoena . Emden (1941 b) keyed out fasciata and amoena on colour characters of the abdomen and scutellum.

In 1951 Emden recorded amoena from Uganda, Mauritius, Seychelles, Mozambique and Yemen. The male from Yemen (labelled W. Aden Prot., Jebel Jihaf, ca. 7,100 ft, ix.1937, H. Scott and E. B. Britton) and the male from Uganda (Mbarara, 15.x.1934, F. W. Edwards), both of which carry a det label ‘ amoena det. v. Emden, 1940’ are not amoena but subabyssinica sp. n. (genitalia examined).

I can find no significant differences in the genitalia of specimens of amoena from widely separate localities. There are small colour differences in the dark pattern of thorax and scutellum, and in colour of abdomen, but these are not correlated with any slight differences in the genitalia details which occur in allopatric populations and island faunas.

Distribution: A. amoena is a common and widely distributed species from the Cape Verde Islands in the west, the whole of Africa south of the Sudan and Nigeria, and the Indian Ocean islands.

Figures

Figs 123–132. Anthomyia amoena (Macquart). Ò. 123. Thorax, dorsal view (Mauritius).124. Ditto (Tanzania, Makoa). 125. Cercal plate and surstyli, caudal view. 126. Ditto, lateral view. 127. 4th and 5th sternites, ventral view. 128. 5th sternite, lateral view.129. Gonites. 130. Distal section of aedeagus. 131. Central process of synsternite (6+7). 132. Ditto (Makoa).