Panthera onca (Linnaeus 1758)

Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 532-628 : 546

Panthera onca (Linnaeus 1758)

[Felis] onca Linnaeus 1758 , Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1: 42 .

Type Locality: "America meridionali", fixed by Thomas (1911 a:136) as " Pernambuco " [ Brazil] .

Vernacular Names: Jaguar.

Subspecies: :

Subspecies Panthera onca subsp. onca Linnaeus 1758

Subspecies Panthera onca subsp. arizonensis Goldman 1932

Subspecies Panthera onca subsp. centralis Mearns 1901

Subspecies Panthera onca subsp. goldmani Mearns 1901

Subspecies Panthera onca subsp. hernandesii J. E. Gray 1857

Subspecies Panthera onca subsp. palustris Ameghino 1888

Subspecies Panthera onca subsp. paraguensis Hollister 1914

Subspecies Panthera onca subsp. peruviana de Blainville 1843

Subspecies Panthera onca subsp. veraecruscis Nelson and Goldman 1933

Distribution: Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela. Recently extinct in United States, El Salvador, and Uruguay.

Conservation: CITES – Appendix I; U. S. ESA – Endangered; IUCN – Near Threatened.

Discussion: Synonyms allocated according to Hall (1981), Seymour (1989) and Cabrera (1957). Revised by Nelson and Goldman (1933 a), Pocock (1939 b), and Larson (1997). Placed in Panthera by Pocock (1939 b), Weigel (1961), Hemmer (1978), Kratochvíl (1982 c), and Groves (1982 a). Reviewed by Seymour (1989). A multivariate analysis of skull morphology could not discriminate among subspecies ( Larson, 1997).