Paranocarodes I. Bolívar, 1916

Ünal, Mustafa, 2016, Pamphagidae (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) from the Palaearctic Region: taxonomy, classification, keys to genera and a review of the tribe Nocarodeini I. Bolívar, Zootaxa 4206 (1), pp. 1-223 : 92

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4206.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E1566C02-9987-4116-83AA-91D3D1DCF2FF
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5780947
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C24587A5-FFBD-4F0A-FF50-FC994629F84B
treatment provided by	Plazi (2016-12-19 01:11:56, last updated 2024-11-29 09:16:23)
scientific name	Paranocarodes I. Bolívar, 1916
status

Treatment

Genus: Paranocarodes I. Bolívar, 1916 View in CoL

I. Bolívar 1916: 22. Type species: Nocarodes straubei ( Fieber, 1853) .

Ebner 1919: 173; Tarbinsky 1940: 34, 213, 215; Uvarov 1943: 21; Uvarov 1949a: 5; Mistshenko 1951: 517; Ramme 1951: 278, 279; Bey-Bienko & Mistshenko 1951: 289, 340; Karabağ 1958: 115; Weidner 1969: 157, 158; Descamps & Donskoff 1965: 501; Demirsoy 1973: 406, 409; Harz 1975: 79, 147; Demirsoy 1977: 55, 60; Presa & Garcia 1983: 24; Ihsan & Donskoff 1988: 23, 25; Otte 1994: 183; Zhang, Yin & Yin 2003: 220.

Ananothrotes Mistshenko, 1951: 517 View in CoL (Type species: Nocarodes fieberi Br. View in CoL -W.); Bey-Bienko & Mistshenko 1951: 289, 340; Karabağ 1958: 115; Mirzayans 1959: 16; Weidner 1969: 157 ; Harz 1975: 79, 155.

Ananothrodes Mistshenko, 1951 View in CoL : Demirsoy 1973: 406, 409, as syn of Paranocarodes View in CoL ; Demirsoy 1977: 55, 60 as syn of Paranocarodes View in CoL ; Hodjat 2012: 264.

Granulodes Ramme, 1951: 278 View in CoL , 288 (Type species: Granulodes beieri Ramme, 1951 ); Karabağ 1958: 125; Weidner 1969: 162; Demirsoy 1973: 406, 409, as syn of Paranocarodes View in CoL ; Demirsoy 1977: 55, 60 as syn of Paranocarodes View in CoL .

Pseudosavalania View in CoL gen. nov.: Demirsoy 1973: 407, 420; Demirsoy 1977: 57, 74 (Type species: Pseudosavalania karabagi Demirsoy, 1973: 420 View in CoL ) syn. nov.

Pseudosavaliana Demirsoy, 1973 View in CoL : Presa & Garcia 1983: 28.

Remarks. Mistshenko (1951) misidentified a single female as “ Paranocarodes fieberi ” and established the genus Ananothrotes Mistshenko, 1951 based on this female. He, in describing this genus evidently did not know the true P. fieberi . Therefore he described a couple of specimens of the true P. fieberi as a new species, Paranocarodes instans Mistshenko, 1951 (see P. fieberi ). On the other hand Ramme (1951) established the genus Granulodes Ramme, 1951 with its new species G. beieri which is actually a member of Paranocarodes . The specimens of both monotypic genera, Granulodes Ramme and Ananothrotes Mistshenko , belong to the same taxon Paranocarodes beieri , which were collected from the same region of Turkey. Therefore these two genera primarily with each other and both with Paranocarodes are synonyms (see P. beirei ).

The genus Pseudosavalania was erected by Demirsoy (1973) for its only species P. karabagi Demirsoy, 1973 . According to Demirsoy (1973: 420) it is close to Savalania , Paranocarodes and Granulodes and it differs from Savalania by the comb-shaped abdominal tergite with posterior projection, from Paranocarodes and Granulodes by the absence of the longitudinal sulcus of the median carina of pronotum and the absence of the tympanal opening. The genus Granulodes was synonymized with Paranocarodes by Demirsoy (1973: 409) in the same paper. Savalania is synonymized with Nocarodes herein. The absence of the tympanum of Pseudosavalania is the only character similar to Savalania and this similarity is certainly superficial. The absence of tympanum is not enough alone without the other characters such as the posterior projections of abdominal tergites which is distinguished two genera Nocaracris and Paranocarodes . It is clearly variable particularly in Anatolian species of these genera ( Figs. 344–353 View FIGURES 344 – 374 ). I have no doubt that the type species of Pseudosavalania is a member of Paranocarodes because of all the characters including the male genitalia are agree. Therefore Pseudosavalania is a synonym of Paranocarodes (see also the Remarks section of the tribe Nocarodeini and P. karabagi Demirsoy ).

P. aserbeidshanicus Ramme and one of the oldest members of the genus, Paranocarodes sulcatus are excluded from this genus (see the genus Paranothrotes ).

Mirzayans (1959) recorded the monotypic genus Ananothrotes Mistshenko from Iran. Its only species P. fieberi is found only in western Turkey and its presence in Iran is very improbable. That record probably refers to a Paranothrotes sp. Additionally, Hodjat (2012: 264) recently reported this genus from Iran again as “ Ananothrodes Mistshenko, 1951 ” in the key, but did not give it and its type species P. fieberi ( Brunner, 1882) in the list ( Hodjat 2012: 266, 267).

References

Bey-Bienko, G. Ya & Mistshenko, L. L. (1951) Fauna of the USSR Locusts and Grasshoppers of the U. S. S. R. and Adjacent Countries. Part 1. Zoological Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 38, 1 - 400.

Bolivar, I. (1916) Orthoptera Fam. Acridiidae. Subfam. Pamphaginae. In: Wytsman, P. (Ed.), Genera Insectorum. Bruxelles (V. Verteneuil & L. Desmet) 170, 1 - 40, pl. 1.

Brunner von Wattenwyl, C. (1882) Prodromus der europaischen Orthopteren. Leipzig, 466 pp.

Demirsoy, A. (1973) Revision der anatolischen Pamphagidae (Saltatoria, Caelifera, Pamphagidae). Entomologische Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum Hamburg, 4, 403 - 428.

Demirsoy, A. (1977) Turkiye Caelifera (Insecta, Orthoptera) faunasinin tesbiti ve taksonomik incelenmesi (1). Ataturk Unviversitesi Fen Fakultesi yayinlari, no: 80, 252 pp.

Descamps, M. & Donskoff, M. (1965) Contribution a la connaissance de la faune du Moyen Orient (Mission G. Remaudiere, 1955 a 1962). III. Orthopteres Acridoides. Vie et Milieu, 16, 497 - 515.

Ebner, R. (1919) VI. Orthopteren aus Kleinasien. In: Toelg, F. (Ed.), Ergebnisse einer zoologischer Forschungsreise nach Kleinasien. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte (Zeitschrift fur systematische Zoologie), 1919 (A) 8, pp. 146 - 176

Fieber, F. X. (1853) Synopsis der europaischen Orthopteren mit besonderer Rucksicht der Bohmischen Arten. Lotus (Prag) vol. 3, 90 - 104, 115 - 131, 138 - 154, 168 - 176, 184 - 188, 201 - 207, 232 - 238, 252 - 261; (separate, issued 1854, Prag (Gerzabek), pp. 1 - 79 + (index) I - IV).

Harz, K. (1975) The Orthoptera of Europa (Die Orthopteren Europas). 2. Dr. Junk, W., The Hague, 939 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 010 - 1947 - 7

Hodjat, S. H. (2012) An update list of Pamphagidae Brumster 1840 (Insecta: Orthoptera) of Iran with a key to the genera. Journal of Crop Protection 1 (3), 261 - 270.

Ihsan, S. & Donskoff, M. (1988) Catalogue et cles de determination illustres des Pamphagidae du Proche-Orient (Orth.). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 93, 13 - 31.

Karabag, T. (1958) Turkiye'nin Orthoptera faunasi (The Orthoptera Fauna of Turkey). Ankara Universitesi Fen Fakultesi yayinlari, Ankara, 81, 198 pp.

Mirzayans, H. (1959) Liste des Orthopteres et leurs distribution en Iran. Entomologie et Phytopathologie Appliquees, 18, 10 - 30.

Otte, D. (1994) Orthoptera Species File 3. Grasshoppers [Acridomorpha] B. Pamphagoidea. Orthopterists' Society & Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 241 pp.

Presa J. J. & Garcia M. D. (1983) Inventario preliminar de los Pamphagidae (Orthoptera) de la region paleartica. Anales de la Universidad de Murcia, 42, 3 - 42.

Ramme, W. (1951) Zur Systematik Faunistik und Biologie der Orthopteren von Sudost Europa und Vorderasien. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologie Museum in Berlin, 27, 1 - 431.

Tarbinsky, S. P. (1940) The saltatorian orthopterous insects of the Azerbaidzhan SSR. Acad. Sci. Azyerbaidjandkoi S. S. R., Moscow-Leningrad, 245 pp. [Russian]

Uvarov, B. P. (1943) The tribe Thrinchini of the subfamily Pamphaginae, and the interrelations of the Acridid subfamilies (Orthoptera). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society London, 93 (1), 1 - 72. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1943. tb 00429. x

Uvarov, B. P. (1949 a) Some Pamphaginae from Turkey (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Bulletin de la Societe Fouad premier d' Entomologie, 33, 1 - 9.

Weidner, H. (1969) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Feldheuschrecken (Caelifera) Anatoliens. Mitteilungen des zoologischen Museums Hamburg, 66, 145 - 226. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 02027743

Zang, D. C., Yin, H. & Yin, X. C. (2003) On the taxonomic system of Eurasian Pamphagidae (Orthoptera: Caelifera). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 46 (2), 218 - 221.

Figures

FIGURES 344 – 374. Body parts. 344 – 353 tympanum, 344 Paranocarodes straubei, male; 345 ditto female; 346 Paranocarodes anatoliensis anatoliensis, male; 347 Paranocarodes chopardi, male; 348 ditto female; 349 Paranocarodes karabagi, female; 350 Nocaracris bodenheimeri, female without tympanum; 351 Nocaracris subrubratus, female without tympanum; 352 Nocaracris kosswigi, female; 353 Nocaracris judithae, female. 354 – 355 female abdominal tergites, 354 Paranocarodes karabagi; 355 Nocaracris judithae. 356 – 357 female vertex, 356 Neoparanothrotes borumandi; 357 Paranothrotes margaritae. 358 – 360 vertex dorsal view, 358 Pseudonothrotes levis, male; 359 ditto female; 360 Paranothrotes margaritae, female. 361 – 362 arolium of fore leg in male, 361 Eunothrotes dejugini; 362 Paranocarodes turkmen. 363 – 364 longitudinal sulcus of pronotum in male, 363 Paranothrotes gotvendicus, syntype; 364 Paranocarodes anatoliensis anatoliensis. 365 – 366 fastigium of vertex in female, 365 Paranothrotes siirt; 366 Paranocarodes turkmen. 367 – 370 head and pronotum, 367 Ebnerodes toelgi, male; 368 ditto female; 369 Paranocarodes straubei, male; 370 ditto female. 371 – 374 head and pronotum, dorso-lateral, 371 Turkanocaracris levigatus, male holotype; 372 ditto female paratype; 373 Nocarodes balachowskyi, male; 374 ditto female. Abbreviations: nsa: neighbour stigmal area, s: stigma, t: tympanum.