Paranocarodes I. Bolívar, 1916

Ünal, Mustafa, 2016, Pamphagidae (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) from the Palaearctic Region: taxonomy, classification, keys to genera and a review of the tribe Nocarodeini I. Bolívar, Zootaxa 4206 (1), pp. 1-223 : 92

Genus: Paranocarodes I. Bolívar, 1916

I. Bolívar 1916: 22. Type species: Nocarodes straubei ( Fieber, 1853) .

Ebner 1919: 173; Tarbinsky 1940: 34, 213, 215; Uvarov 1943: 21; Uvarov 1949a: 5; Mistshenko 1951: 517; Ramme 1951: 278, 279; Bey-Bienko & Mistshenko 1951: 289, 340; Karabağ 1958: 115; Weidner 1969: 157, 158; Descamps & Donskoff 1965: 501; Demirsoy 1973: 406, 409; Harz 1975: 79, 147; Demirsoy 1977: 55, 60; Presa & Garcia 1983: 24; Ihsan & Donskoff 1988: 23, 25; Otte 1994: 183; Zhang, Yin & Yin 2003: 220.

Ananothrotes Mistshenko, 1951: 517 (Type species: Nocarodes fieberi Br. -W.); Bey-Bienko & Mistshenko 1951: 289, 340; Karabağ 1958: 115; Mirzayans 1959: 16; Weidner 1969: 157 ; Harz 1975: 79, 155.

Ananothrodes Mistshenko, 1951 : Demirsoy 1973: 406, 409, as syn of Paranocarodes ; Demirsoy 1977: 55, 60 as syn of Paranocarodes ; Hodjat 2012: 264.

Granulodes Ramme, 1951: 278 , 288 (Type species: Granulodes beieri Ramme, 1951 ); Karabağ 1958: 125; Weidner 1969: 162; Demirsoy 1973: 406, 409, as syn of Paranocarodes ; Demirsoy 1977: 55, 60 as syn of Paranocarodes .

Pseudosavalania gen. nov.: Demirsoy 1973: 407, 420; Demirsoy 1977: 57, 74 (Type species: Pseudosavalania karabagi Demirsoy, 1973: 420 ) syn. nov.

Pseudosavaliana Demirsoy, 1973 : Presa & Garcia 1983: 28.

Remarks. Mistshenko (1951) misidentified a single female as “ Paranocarodes fieberi ” and established the genus Ananothrotes Mistshenko, 1951 based on this female. He, in describing this genus evidently did not know the true P. fieberi . Therefore he described a couple of specimens of the true P. fieberi as a new species, Paranocarodes instans Mistshenko, 1951 (see P. fieberi ). On the other hand Ramme (1951) established the genus Granulodes Ramme, 1951 with its new species G. beieri which is actually a member of Paranocarodes . The specimens of both monotypic genera, Granulodes Ramme and Ananothrotes Mistshenko , belong to the same taxon Paranocarodes beieri , which were collected from the same region of Turkey. Therefore these two genera primarily with each other and both with Paranocarodes are synonyms (see P. beirei ).

The genus Pseudosavalania was erected by Demirsoy (1973) for its only species P. karabagi Demirsoy, 1973 . According to Demirsoy (1973: 420) it is close to Savalania , Paranocarodes and Granulodes and it differs from Savalania by the comb-shaped abdominal tergite with posterior projection, from Paranocarodes and Granulodes by the absence of the longitudinal sulcus of the median carina of pronotum and the absence of the tympanal opening. The genus Granulodes was synonymized with Paranocarodes by Demirsoy (1973: 409) in the same paper. Savalania is synonymized with Nocarodes herein. The absence of the tympanum of Pseudosavalania is the only character similar to Savalania and this similarity is certainly superficial. The absence of tympanum is not enough alone without the other characters such as the posterior projections of abdominal tergites which is distinguished two genera Nocaracris and Paranocarodes . It is clearly variable particularly in Anatolian species of these genera ( Figs. 344–353 ). I have no doubt that the type species of Pseudosavalania is a member of Paranocarodes because of all the characters including the male genitalia are agree. Therefore Pseudosavalania is a synonym of Paranocarodes (see also the Remarks section of the tribe Nocarodeini and P. karabagi Demirsoy ).

P. aserbeidshanicus Ramme and one of the oldest members of the genus, Paranocarodes sulcatus are excluded from this genus (see the genus Paranothrotes ).

Mirzayans (1959) recorded the monotypic genus Ananothrotes Mistshenko from Iran. Its only species P. fieberi is found only in western Turkey and its presence in Iran is very improbable. That record probably refers to a Paranothrotes sp. Additionally, Hodjat (2012: 264) recently reported this genus from Iran again as “ Ananothrodes Mistshenko, 1951 ” in the key, but did not give it and its type species P. fieberi ( Brunner, 1882) in the list ( Hodjat 2012: 266, 267).

Figures

FIGURES 344 – 374. Body parts. 344 – 353 tympanum, 344 Paranocarodes straubei, male; 345 ditto female; 346 Paranocarodes anatoliensis anatoliensis, male; 347 Paranocarodes chopardi, male; 348 ditto female; 349 Paranocarodes karabagi, female; 350 Nocaracris bodenheimeri, female without tympanum; 351 Nocaracris subrubratus, female without tympanum; 352 Nocaracris kosswigi, female; 353 Nocaracris judithae, female. 354 – 355 female abdominal tergites, 354 Paranocarodes karabagi; 355 Nocaracris judithae. 356 – 357 female vertex, 356 Neoparanothrotes borumandi; 357 Paranothrotes margaritae. 358 – 360 vertex dorsal view, 358 Pseudonothrotes levis, male; 359 ditto female; 360 Paranothrotes margaritae, female. 361 – 362 arolium of fore leg in male, 361 Eunothrotes dejugini; 362 Paranocarodes turkmen. 363 – 364 longitudinal sulcus of pronotum in male, 363 Paranothrotes gotvendicus, syntype; 364 Paranocarodes anatoliensis anatoliensis. 365 – 366 fastigium of vertex in female, 365 Paranothrotes siirt; 366 Paranocarodes turkmen. 367 – 370 head and pronotum, 367 Ebnerodes toelgi, male; 368 ditto female; 369 Paranocarodes straubei, male; 370 ditto female. 371 – 374 head and pronotum, dorso-lateral, 371 Turkanocaracris levigatus, male holotype; 372 ditto female paratype; 373 Nocarodes balachowskyi, male; 374 ditto female. Abbreviations: nsa: neighbour stigmal area, s: stigma, t: tympanum.