Nocaracris Uvarov, 1928

Ünal, Mustafa, 2016, Pamphagidae (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) from the Palaearctic Region: taxonomy, classification, keys to genera and a review of the tribe Nocarodeini I. Bolívar, Zootaxa 4206 (1), pp. 1-223 : 131-132

Genus: Nocaracris Uvarov, 1928

Uvarov 1928: 149. Type species: Nocarodes cyanipes Fischer von Waldheim, 1846 .

Nocaracris Uvarov, 1928 : Tarbinsky 1940: 34, 213, 214; Uvarov 1943: 21; Bey-Bienko & Mistshenko 1951: 291, 349; Karabağ 1958: 119; Mirzayans 1959: 16; Shumakov 1963: 57; Bey-Bienko 1964: 251; Avakyan 1968: 89, 97; Weidner 1969: 157, 159; Demirsoy 1973: 407, 421; Demirsoy 1977: 57, 75; Salman 1978: 68; Presa & Garcia 1983: 16; Ihsan & Donskoff 1988: 20, 25; Otte 1994: 172; Zhang, Yin & Yin 2003: 220; Hodjat 2012: 265, 266.

Nocaracris (Paranocaracris) : Bey-Bienko 1964: 251.

Paranocaracris Mistshenko gen. n.: Bey-Bienko & Mistshenko 1951: 350 (Type species: Paranocaracris elegens Mistshenko, 1951 ) syn. nov.

Paranocaracris Mistshenko, 1951 : Karabağ 1958: 122; Mirzayans 1959: 16; Shumakov 1963: 57; Avakyan 1968: 90, 100; Weidner 1969: 157, 160; Demirsoy 1973: 407, 421; Harz 1975: 79, 154; Demirsoy 1977: 57, 78; Salman 1978: 68; Presa & Garcia 1983: 23; Otte 1994: 181; Zhang, Yin & Yin 2003: 220; Hodjat 2012: 265, 267.

Nocarodes Fischer Waldheim, 1846 : Uvarov 1949a: 1.

Oronothrotes gen. nov.: Mistshenko 1951: 520 (Type species: Oronothrotes furvus Mistshenko 1951 ) syn. nov.

Oronothrotes Mistshenko, 1951 : Bey-Bienko & Mistshenko 1951: 290, 347; Karabağ 1958: 119; Weidner 1969: 157, 159; Demirsoy 1973: 406, 414; Demirsoy 1977: 55, 66; Salman 1978: 66; Presa & Garcia 1983: 20; Otte 1994: 178; Zhang, Yin & Yin 2003: 220.

Remarks. Mistshenko (in Bey-Bienko & Mistshenko 1951) erecting the genus Paranocaracris distinguished it from Nocaracris only by the longitudinal sulcus of median carina of pronotum which is distinct in the anterior part and sharply narrowed backwards (very distinct along its length and not narrowing backwards in Nocaracris ). Nevertheless, there are no other different characters, including the structure of the phallic complex. The width of longitudinal sulcus of pronotum is strongly variable in this species rich genus ( Figs. 537–540, 55 5–556, 571–574 , 586–588 ). For instance N. rimansonae sp. group, N. ponticus , N. karadagi sp. nov. have also very distinct longitudinal sulcus along the length of median carina. This similarity is certainly superficial. Therefore N. ponticus is a member of the P. rubripes sp. group and N. karadagi is a member of the N. latipes sp. group, of which the other members have the longitudinal sulcus as in Paranocaracris . The width of sulcus is also variable in the type species of Nocaracris , N. cyanipennis . Besides the variability of this character is also seen in other generic taxa e.g. in the genus Paranothrotes ( Figs. 451–454 , 467–468 ). The longitudinal sulcus of pronotum is very distinct in Paranothrotes schelkovnikovi ( Fig. 467 ) as in Nocaracris and is visible only in the anterior part of median carina and strongly narrowed or lost backwards in Paranothrotes eximius ( Fig. 451 ) as in Paranocaracris . However, these species were correctly not considered as different genera. The male phallic complex of the members of Nocaracris and Paranocaracris including the type species certainly does not consent to separate them as different genera. Moreover the type species of Nocaracris , N. cyanipes is closely related to N. rubripes and N. ponticus which belong to the same species group. Therefore Paranocaracris is here considered as a junior synonym of N ocaracris. Bey-Bienko (1964: 251) considered for the first time Paranocaracris as a subgenus of Nocaracris , but all subsequent authors overlooked this important taxonomic change.

Mistshenko (1951a: 520) established another genus, Oronothrotes as monotypic genus for Oronothrotes furvus Mistshenko, 1951 from Anatolia. He distinguished it from Nocaracris (later from Paranocaracris in Bey-Bienko & Mistshenko 1951 ) by the presence of tympanum; from Paranocarodes and Paranothrotes by the absence of the posterior projections of the abdominal tergites and the collar-shaped prosternum which actually are also the typical characters of Nocaracris (= Paranocaracris ). It is possible to see the tympanum in Nocaracris in different stages of reduction such ( Figs. 532–536, 541–544 ) as N. rimansonae sp. group, N. judithae sp. nov., N. minutus sp. nov., N. burri etc. Interestingly in the same population (from Uludağ) of N. burri both specimens with completely lost tympanum and the specimens with a small, reduced tympanum are seen. Moreover Ramme (1951: 300) also described the type species of Oronothrotes in the genus Nocaracris as “ Nocaracris burri obscurata ” (now a junior synonym of Nocaracris furvus ) independently. The genus Oronothrotes has no small difference including the male phallic complex, from the typical Nocaracris , except the presence of tympanum. Consequently, like the other species with reduced tympanum of Nocaracris , Oronothrotes furvus is a member of the genus Nocaracris . Thus, Oronothrotes is here considered a junior synonym of Nocaracris (see for tympanum the Remarks sections of Nocarodeini , Paranocarodes and key to genera of Nocarodeini ).

According to Weidner (1969: 160) Cejchan was working on a revision of the genus but did not publish this paper. On the other hand Demirsoy (1973) revised the Anatolian Pamphaginae .

Uvarov (1949) described three Nocarodes species, all of which are now members of the genus Nocaracris .

Figures

FIGURES 522 – 554. Body parts. 522 – 527 hind femur, 522 Nocaracris niethammeri, male; 523 ditto female; 524 Nocaracris crassipes, male holotype; 525 ditto female paratype; 526 Nocaracris subrubratus, male paratype; 527 Nocaracris karshitoros, female paratype. 528 – 531 pronotal carinae in female, 528 Nocaracris bicoloripes; 529 Nocaracris dilekensis, holotype; 530 Nocaracris bodenheimeri; 531 Nocaracris burri. 532 – 536 female tympanum, 532 Nocaracris tunceli, paratype; 533 Nocaracris kosswigi; 534 Nocaracris bodenheimeri, without tympanum; 535 Nocaracris judithae; 536 Nocaracris minutus. 537 – 540 longitudinal sulcus of pronotum in female, 537 Nocaracris bulgaricus; 538 Nocaracris furvus furvus; 539 Nocaracris kosswigi; 540 Nocaracris tunceli, paratype. 541 – 544 female tympanum, 541 Nocaracris furvus furvus; 542 Nocaracris furvus kazdagi, paratype; 543 Nocaracris bulgaricus; 544 Nocaracris istanbul, holotype, without tympanum (right side). 545 – 546 Nocaracris istanbul, female holotype, 545 prosternum; 546 fastigium of vertex; 547 – 548 Nocaracris bulgaricus, 547 prosternum; 548 fastigium of vertex. 549 – 552 prosternum, 549 Nocaracris furvus furvus, male; 550 ditto female; 551 Nocaracris furvus kazdagi, male paratype; 552 ditto female paratype. 553 – 554 male fastigium of vertex, 553 Nocaracris rimansonae, lectotype; 554 Nocaracris tunceli, holotype.

FIGURES 55 – 68. Male phallic complex. a phallus lateral, b phallus dorsal, c epiphallus, d phallus posterior view. 55 Paranothrotes sulcatus; 56 Paranothrotes opacus opacus; 57 Paranothrotes eximius bitlis; 58 Paranothrotes gotvendicus; 59 Paranothrotes tenuicornis; 60 Paranothrotes margaritae; 61 Paranothrotes siirt; 62 Pseudonothrotes levis; 63 Eunothrotes derjugini; 64 Neoparanothrotes borumandi; 65 Nocaracris furvus kazdagi; 66 Nocaracris tunceli; 67 Nocaracris tardus; 68 Nocaracris emirdagi. Scales 1 mm (short scale for a, b, c; long scale for d).

FIGURES 1 – 5. Male phallic complexes in 5 tribes. A phallus lateral, B phallus dorsal, C epiphallus. 1 Pezotmethis tartarus tartarus (Thrinchini); 2 Haplotropis brunneriana (Haplotropiidini); 3 Orchamus massai (Pamphagini); 4 Saxetania (Cryptonothrotes) pseudoaptera (Tropidauchenini); 5 Paranocarodes beieri (Nocarodeini). Abbreviations: a: apodemes; abvp: apical end of basal valves of penis; ae: aedeagus; an: ancorae; ana: apical notch of apodemes; ap: anterior projection; avp: apical valves of penis; az: arch of zygoma; bvp: basal valves of penis; dvc: dorsal valves of cingulum; lasp: lateral aperture of sheath of penis; p: pseudolophi; plp: postero-lateral projection; plz: posterior lobes of zygoma; pmp: postero-median projection; rc: rami of cingulum; sp: sheath of penis; tc: tumida of cingulum; tz: tumida of zygoma; wb: white band; z: zygoma.

FIGURES 6 – 16. Male phallic complex. a phallus lateral, b phallus dorsal, c epiphallus, d phallus posterior view. 6 Prionotropis maculinervis; 7 Eremopeza gibbera gibbera; 8 Eremopeza festiva; 9 Eremopeza saussurei saussurei; 10 Eremopeza kashmirensis; 11 Eremopeza soltanii; 12 Iranotmethis persa zagrosi; 13 Eremotmethis carinatus; 14 Eremocharis subsulcata beccalonii; 15 Eremocharis granulosa granulosa; 16 Tuarega insignis. Scales 1 mm (short scale for a, b, c; long scale for d).

FIGURES 17 – 31. Male phallic complex. a phallus lateral, b phallus dorsal, c epiphallus, d phallus posterior view. 17 Tmethis pulchripennis (asiaticus); 18 Atrichtmethis semenovi; 19 Melanotmethis fuscipennis fuscipennis; 20 Pezotmethis tartarus tartarus; 21 Glyphanus obtusus; 22 Asiotmethis limbatus; 23 Glyphotmethis escherichi escherichi; 24 Utubius syriacus; 25 Strumiger desertorum desertorum; 26 Thrinchus campanulatus campanulatus; 27 Filchnerella beicki; 28 Mongolotmethis gobiensis gobiensis; 29 Beybienkia lithophila; 30 Eotmethis nasutus; 31 Haplotropis brunneriana. Scales 1 mm (short scale for a, b, c; long scale for d).

FIGURES 32 – 43. Male phallic complex. a phallus lateral, b phallus dorsal, c epiphallus, d phallus posterior view. 32 Prionosthenus gueleni; 33 Ocnerosthenus brunnerianus; 34 Ocneropsis bethlehemita; 35 Orchamus yersini yersini; 36 Orchamus massai; 37 Paracinipe zebrata; 38 Tropidauchen escalerai; 39 Saxetania (s. str.) cultricolle cultricolle; 40 Saxetania (Cryptonothrotes) pseudoaptera; 41 Saxetania (Mistshenkoella) gorochovi; 42 Paranocarodes straubei; 43 Paranocarodes fieberi. Scales 1 mm (short scale for a, b, c; long scale for d).

FIGURES 44 – 54. Male phallic complex. a phallus lateral, b phallus dorsal, c epiphallus, d phallus posterior view. 44 Paranocarodes karabagi; 45 Paranocarodes tolunayi tolunayi; 46 Paranpcarodes tolunayi paphlagonicus; 47 Paranocarodes chopardi; 48 Paranocarodes turkmen; 49 Paranocarodes anatoliensis anatoliensis; 50 Paranocarodes anatoliensis anamas; 51 Paranocarodes brevipes; 52 Paranocarodes lubricus; 53 Paranocarodes beieri; 54 Ebnerodes toelgi. Scales 1 mm (short scale for a, b, c; long scale for d).

FIGURES 69 – 82. Male phallic complex. a phallus lateral, b phallus dorsal, c epiphallus, d phallus posterior view. 69 Nocaracris cejchani; 70 Nocaracris cyanipes; 71 Nocaracris judithae; 72 Nocaracris karadagi; 73 Nocaracris palandoken; 74 Nocaracris monticolus; 75 Nocaracris van; 76 Nocaracris karshitoros; 77 Nocaracris goektepe; 78 Nocaracris crassipes; 79 Turkanocaracris levigatus; 80 Turkanocaracris davisi; 81 Araxiana woronowi; 82 Nocarodes serricollis. Scales 1 mm (short scale for a, b, c; long scale for d).

FIGURES 83 – 92. Male phallic complex. a phallus lateral, b phallus dorsal, c epiphallus, d phallus posterior view. 83 Nocarodes sactidavidi; 84 Nocarodes balachowskyi; 85 Nocarodes pullus; 86 Nocarodes znojkoi; 87 Nocarodes nanus; 88 Nocarodes ebneri; 89 Nocarodes nodosus; 90 Nocarodes iranicus; 91 Bufonocarodes tumulosus; 92 Bufonocarodes mistshenkoi mistshenkoi. Scales 1 mm (short scale for a, b, c; long scale for d).

FIGURES 93 – 105. Body parts. 93 – 94 mid tibia in male, 93 Glyphotmethis dimorphus dimorphus; 94 Pamphagus caprai; 95 male hind wing of Prionotropis maculinervis. 96 – 97 female head antero-lateral view 96 Pezotmethis tartarus tartarus; 97 Paranocarodes turkmen. 98 – 99 male vertex, 98 Haplotropis brunneriana; 99 Pezotmethis tartarus tartarus. 100 – 101 female pronotum, 100 Thrinchus turcmenus; 101 Haplotropis brunneriana. 102 – 103 apical part of left hind tibia in female, 102 Thrinchus turcmenus; 103 Tmethis pulchripennis (asiaticus). 104 – 105 female prosternum, 104 Glyphotmethis escherichi inermis; 105 Rhinotmethis beybienkoi. Abbreviations: a: preocellar foveola, b: supraocellar foveola, c: supraocular foveola.

FIGURES 106 – 128. Body parts. 106 – 108 male pronotum, 106 Eremopeza gibbera gibbera; 107 Eremocharis bampura bampura; 108 Asiotmethis limbatus. 109 – 110 male arolium, 109 Prionotropis hystrix; 110 Tuarega insignis. 111 – 114 subtympanal lobe in female, 111 Prionotropis maculinervis; 112 Prionotropis hystrix; 113 Iranotmethis cyanipennis iranicus; 114 Eremocharis subsulcata beccalonii. 115 – 116 female hind femur, 115 Iranotmethis cyanipennis iranicus; 116 Eremotmethis carinatus. 117 – 118 female vertex, 117 Iranotmethis persa zagrosi; 118 Eremopeza reducta. 119 – 120 male pronotum, 119 Eremocharis granulosa brachycera; 120 Tuarega insignis. 121 – 124 male vertex, 121 and 122 Tmethis pulchripennis (asiaticus); 123 and 124 Atrichotmethis semenovi. 125 – 126 female pronotum, 125 Atrichotmethis semenovi; 126 Melanotmethis fuscipennis fuscipennis. 127 – 128 metazona of pronotum in female, 127 Glyphanus obtusus; 128 Pezotmethis tartarus tartarus.

FIGURES 129 – 146. Body parts. 129 – 130 male first abdominal tergite, 129 Asiotmethis turritus; 130 Glyphotmethis dimorphus dimorphus. 131 – 132 female head lateral view, 131 Filchnerella beicki; 132 Rhinotmethis beybienkoi. 133 – 134 male pronotum, 133 Beybienkia songorica, holotype; 134 Filchnerella alashanicus, holotype. 135 – 136 apical part of hind tibia in female, 135 Filchnerella beicki, left tibia; 136 Mongolotmethis gobiensis gobiensis, right tibia. 137 – 138 female frontal groove, 137 Mongolotmethis gobiensis gobiensis, paratype; 138 Filchnerella alashanicus, paratype. 139 – 140 male frontal ridge, 139 Rhinotmethis hummeli; 140 Eotmethis nasutus, paratype. 141 – 142 female frontal ridge, 141 Utubius syriacus; 142 Thrinchus campanulatus campanulatus. 143 – 144 male pronotum, 143 Strumiger desertorum desertorum; 144 Thrinchus arenosus arenosus. 145 – 146 male prosternum, 145 Strumiger desertorum desertorum; 146 Thrinchus campanulatus campanulatus.

FIGURES 147 – 155. Habitus. 147 – 149 Prionotropis maculinervis, 147 male syntype dorsal; 148 ditto lateral; 149 female lateral. 150 Eremopeza gibbera gibbera, male; 151 Eremopeza gibbera lata, male holotype; 152 Eremopeza angusta, male holotype; 153 Eremopeza festiva, male; 154 Eremopeza saussurei saussurei, male; 155 Eromepeza saussurei cyanea, male paratype.

FIGURES 156 – 167. Male habitus and body parts. 156 Eremopeza saussurei violacea, syntype; 157 Eremopeza gigas; 158 Eremopeza cinerascens cinerascens; 159 Eremopeza cinerascens virescens; 160 Eremopeza cinerascens aurantipes; 161 Eremopeza cinerascens afghana, holotype; 162 Eremopeza bicoloripes, paratype; 163 Eremopeza reducta; 164 – 167 Eremopeza soltanii, holotype, 164 habitus dorsal; 165 habitus dorso-lateral; 166 head and pronotum dorsal; 167 head frontal view.

FIGURES 168 – 183. Habitus and body parts. 168 – 171 Eremopeza kashmirensis, male holotype, 168 habitus dorsal; 169 head and pronotum; 170 ditto lateral; 171 head frontal view. 172 – 173 Iranotmethis cyanipennis iranicus (holo- and paratype of the syn. I. cyanipennis cyanipes), 172 male; 173 female. 174 Iranotmethis cyanipennis kurdus, female holotype; 175 – 176 Iranotmethis persa zagrosi, 175 male; 176 female; 177 Eremotmethis carinatus; 178 – 179 Eremocharis subsulcata subsulcata habitus, 178 male; 179 female; 180 – 183 Eremocharis subsulcata beccalonii, 180 male holotype; 181 female paratype; 182 head and pronotum in male; 183 basal part of hind tibia in male.

FIGURES 184 – 204. Body parts and habitus. 184 – 186 Eremocharis subsulcata beccalonii, 184 male pronotum; 185 female pronotum; 186 female hind leg. 187 Eremocharis subsulcata rosasea, male paratype; 188 Eremocharis subsulcata atripes, male paratype; 189 – 190 Eremocharis granulosa granulosa, 189 male; 190 female; 191 – 192 Eremocharis granulosa brachycera, 191 male; 192 female; 193 – 194 Eremocharis rufipes, 193 male; 194 female; 195 – 196 Eremocharis obscura, paratypes, 195 male; 196 female; 197 – 198 Eremocharis maior, 197 male holotype; 198 female paratype; 199 – 200 Eremocharis clavicornis, 199 male holotype; 200 female; 201 Eremocharis brachyptera uvarovi, female; 202 Eremocharis zaheri, male holotype; 203 – 204 Eremocharis afghana, 203 male holotype; 204 female paratype.

FIGURES 205 – 220. Habitus. 205 – 206 Eremocharis ancestralis, 205 male holotype; 206 female paratype. 207 – 208 Eremocharis bampura bampura, 207 male paratype; 208 female paratype. 209 – 210 Eremocharis bampura khorasana, 209 male paratype; 210 female paratype. 211 – 212 Dhofaria splendens, 211 male paratype; 212 female paratype. 213 Tuarega insignis, male. 214 – 215 Tmethis pulchripennis (asiaticus), 214 male; 215 female. 216 Tmethis cisti (gracilis). 217 – 218 Atrichotmethis semenovi, 217 male; 218 female. 219 – 220 Melanotmethis fuscipennis fuscipennis, 219 male; 220 female.

FIGURES 221 – 236. Habitus. 221 – 222 Asiotmethis turritus, 221 male; 222 female. 223 – 224 Glyphotmethis adaliae, 223 male; 224 female. 225 – 226 Glyphotmethis efe, 225 male; 226 female. 227 – 228 Glyphanus obtusus, 227 male; 228 female. 229 – 230 Pezotmethis tartarus tartarus, 229 male; 230 female. 231 – 232 Pezotmethis karatavicus karatavicus, 231 male; 232 female. 233 – 234 Utubius syriacus, 233 male (holotype of U. syriacus zahre); 234 female. 235 – 236 Strumiger desertorum desertorum, 235 male; 236 female paralectotype.

FIGURES 237 – 258. Habitus and body parts. 237 – 238 Thrinchus arenosus arenosus, 237 male; 238 female. 239 – 240 Filchnerella beicki, 239 male, 240 female. 241 – 242 Filchnerella alashanicus, 241 male holotype, 242 female paratype. 243 – 245 female facial carina, 243 Filchnerella kukunoris; 244 and 245 Filchnerella alashanicus, paratypes. 246 – 247 Mongolotmethis gobiensis gobiensis, 246 male holotype, 247 female paratype. 248 – 249 Beybienkia songorica, 248 male holotype, 249 female paratype. 250 Beybienkia amica, female holotype. 251 – 252 female pronotum, 251 Beybienkia lithophila, paratype; 252 Beybienkia amica, holotype. 253 – 255 Eotmethis nasutus, 253 male paratype; 254 male holotype; 255 female paratype. 256 – 257 Rhinotmethis hummeli, 256 male lateral; 257 ditto dorsal. 258 Rhinotmethis beybienkoi, male.

FIGURES 259 – 281. Habitus and body parts. 259 – 260 Haplotropis brunneriana, 259 male, 260 female. 261 – 262 krauss’ organ, 261 Ocnerosthenus simulans, male; 262 Prionosthenus femoralis, female; 263 Paranocarodes anatoliensis anatoliensis, without krauss’ organ. 264 Finotia maxima, pronotum. 265 – 267 ventral view of hind femur in female, 265 Tropidauchen escalerai; 266 Paranocarodes turkmen; 267 Bufonocarodes robustus. 268 – 269 male supra-anal plate, 268 Paracinipe saharae; 269 Orchamus yersini davisi. 270 – 271 female antenna, 270 Orchamus yersini yersini; 271 Ocneropsis bethlehemita. 272 – 273 male hind femur, 272 Orchamus massai; 273 Ocnerosthenus kneuckeri. 274 – 277 mesosternal interspace in female, 274 Orchamus yersini yersini; 275 Prionosthenus galericulatus; 276 Ocneropsis bethlehemita; 277 Ocnerosthenus simulans. 278 – 281 eye, 278 Ocneropsis bethlehemita, male; 279 ditto female; 280 Ocnerosthenus kneuchkeri, male; 281 Ocnerosthenus simulans, female.

FIGURES 282 – 295. Habitus. 282 – 283 Prinosthenus gueleni, 282 male; 283 female paratype. 284 – 285 Prinosthenus galericulatus, 284 male; 285 female. 286 – 287 Prinosthenus syriacus, 286 male; 287 female. 288 – 289 Ocnerosthenus brunnerianus, paralectotypes, 288 male; 289 female. 290 – 291 Ocnerosthenus simulans, 290 male; 291 female. 292 – 293 Ocnerosthenus kneuchkeri, 292 male; 293 female. 294 – 295 Ocneropsis bethlehemita, 294 male; 295 female.

FIGURES 296 – 311. Habitus and body parts. 296 – 297 Orchamus yersini yersini, 296 male lectotype; 297 female paralectotype. 298 – 299 Orchamus yersini davisi, 298 male paratype; 299 female holotype. 300 – 305 Orchamus massai, 300 male holotype, habitus; 301 ditto head, pronotum and tegmina dorsal; 302 ditto lateral; 303 female paratype, habitus; 304 ditto head, pronotum and tegmina dorsal; 305 ditto lateral. 306 Orchamus kaltenbachi, head, pronotum and tegmina in male holotype. 307 Orchamus hebraeus, head, pronotum and tegmina in male. 308 – 309 Orchamus gracilis, habitus, 308 male; 309 female lectotype. 310 – 311 Orchamus raulinii, habitus, 310 male; 311 female.

FIGURES 312 – 329. Habitus and body parts. 312 – 315 Paracinipe zebrata, 312 male habitus; 313 female habitus; 314 female prosternum; 315 female mesosternal interspace. 316 – 320 Paracinipe suezensis, female holotype 316 habitus lateral; 317 ditto dorsal; 318 head, pronotum and tegmina; 319 prosternum; 320 mesosternal interspace. 321 – 323 habitus of female of Paracinipe spp., (provided by B. Massa), 321 Paracinipe marmarica; 322 Paracinipe baccettii; 323 Paracinipe foreli. 324 – 325 hind femur, 324 Tropidauchen escalerai; 325 Saxetania (s. str.) cultricolle cultricolle. 326 – 327 male tegmina, 326 Saxetania (Mistshenkoella) gorochovi, holotype; 327 Saxetania (Cryptonothrotes) pseudoaptera. 328 – 329 Tropidauchen escalerai, habitus, 328 male, 329 female.

FIGURES 330 – 343. Habitus and body parts. 330 – 331 Saxetania (s. str.) cultricolle cultricolle, 330 male, 331 female. 332 – 333 Saxetania (Cryptonothrotes) pseudoaptera, 332 male, 333 female. 334 – 335 Saxetania (Mistshenkoella) marani (provided by I. Malenovsky), 334 male holotype, 335 female paratype. 336 – 337 Saxetania (Mistshenkoella) gardezae, 336 male holotype, 337 female paratype. 338 – 341 Saxetania (Mistshenkoella) gorochovi, male holotype, 338 habitus lateral; 339 ditto dorsal; 340 prosternum; 341 habitus ventral. 342 – 343 female tegmina, 342 Saxetania (Mistshenkoella) marani, 343 Saxetania (Mistshenkoella) gardezae.

FIGURES 344 – 374. Body parts. 344 – 353 tympanum, 344 Paranocarodes straubei, male; 345 ditto female; 346 Paranocarodes anatoliensis anatoliensis, male; 347 Paranocarodes chopardi, male; 348 ditto female; 349 Paranocarodes karabagi, female; 350 Nocaracris bodenheimeri, female without tympanum; 351 Nocaracris subrubratus, female without tympanum; 352 Nocaracris kosswigi, female; 353 Nocaracris judithae, female. 354 – 355 female abdominal tergites, 354 Paranocarodes karabagi; 355 Nocaracris judithae. 356 – 357 female vertex, 356 Neoparanothrotes borumandi; 357 Paranothrotes margaritae. 358 – 360 vertex dorsal view, 358 Pseudonothrotes levis, male; 359 ditto female; 360 Paranothrotes margaritae, female. 361 – 362 arolium of fore leg in male, 361 Eunothrotes dejugini; 362 Paranocarodes turkmen. 363 – 364 longitudinal sulcus of pronotum in male, 363 Paranothrotes gotvendicus, syntype; 364 Paranocarodes anatoliensis anatoliensis. 365 – 366 fastigium of vertex in female, 365 Paranothrotes siirt; 366 Paranocarodes turkmen. 367 – 370 head and pronotum, 367 Ebnerodes toelgi, male; 368 ditto female; 369 Paranocarodes straubei, male; 370 ditto female. 371 – 374 head and pronotum, dorso-lateral, 371 Turkanocaracris levigatus, male holotype; 372 ditto female paratype; 373 Nocarodes balachowskyi, male; 374 ditto female. Abbreviations: nsa: neighbour stigmal area, s: stigma, t: tympanum.

FIGURES 375 – 394. Body parts. 375 – 376 female hind femur, 375 Nocarodes sanctidavidi; 376 Nocaracris tridentatus. 377 – 378 Iranacris dentatus, female holotype, 377 frontal ridge lateral; 378 prosternum. 379 – 380 Nocarodes sanctidavidi, female, 379 frontal ridge lateral; 380 prosternum. 381 – 382 female pronotum, 381 Bufonocarodes robustus, paratype; 382 Nocarodes serricollis. 383 – 384 lateral carinae of pronotum in male, 383 Bufonocarodes robustus, holotype; 384 Nocarodes balachowskyi. 385 – 388 head lateral, 385 Araxiana woronowi, male; 386 ditto female; 387 Nocaracris rubripes, male; 388 ditto female. 389 – 390 female metasternum, 389 Araxiana woronowi; 390 Nocaracris rubripes. 391 – 394 frontal ridge, 391 Paranocarodes straubei, male lectotype; 392 ditto frontal view in female; 393 Paranocarodes tolunayi paphlagonicus, male; 394 ditto frontal view in female.

FIGURES 395 – 412. Body parts and habitus. 395 – 396 female tympanum, 395 Paranocarodes karabagi, without tympanum; 396 Paranocarodes straubei. 397 – 400 hind femur, 397 Paranocarodes beieri, female; 398 ditto male; 399 Paranocarodes brevipes, female; 400 ditto male. 401 – 403 tympanum, 401 Paranocarodes chopardi, female; 402 Paranocarodes anatoliensis anamas, female paratype; 403 ditto male paratype. 404 – 406 male habitus dorsal, 404 Paranocarodes turkmen, paratype; 405 Paranocarodes anatoliensis anatoliensis; 406 Paranocarodes lubricus (holotype of P. cilicicus). 407 – 410 hind tibia, 407 Paranocarodes lubricus, male right tibia; 408 ditto female; 409 Paranocarodes anatoliensis anatoliensis, male left tibia; 410 ditto female. 411 – 412 Paranocarodes straubei, habitus, 411 male lectotype; 412 female.

FIGURES 413 – 424. Habitus. 413 – 414 Paranocarodes fieberi, 413 male paralectotype; 414 ditto female paralectotype. 415 – 416 Paranocarodes karabagi, 415 male, 416 female. 417 – 418 Paranocarodes tolunayi tolunayi, 417 male holotype; 418 female. 419 – 420 Paranocarodes tolunayi paphlagonicus, 419 male; 420 female. 421 – 422 Paranocarodes chopardi, 421 male; 422 female. 423 – 424 Paranocarodes turkmen, 423 male paratype; 424 female paratype.

FIGURES 425 – 438. Habitus. 425 – 426 Paranocarodes anatoliensis anatoliensis, 425 male; 426 female topotype. 427 – 430 Paranocarodes anatoliensis anamas, 427 male holotype lateral; 428 ditto dorsal; 429 female paratype lateral; 430 ditto dorsal. 431 – 432 Paranocarodes brevipes, 431 male holotype; 432 female. 433 – 434 Paranocarodes lubricus, 433 male (holotype of P. cilicicus); 434 female holotype. 435 – 436 Paranocarodes beieri, 435 male paratype; 436 female. 437 – 438 Ebnerodes toelgi, 437 male; 438 female.

FIGURES 439 – 460. Body parts. 439 – 442 female hind femur, 439 Paranothrotes dentatus, holotype; 440 Paranothrotes siirt, paratype; 441 Paranothrotes ocellatus; 442 Paranothrotes opacus opacus. 443 – 444 arolium of fore leg in female, 443 Paranothrotes buzuldagi, holotype; 444 Paranothrotes margaritae. 445 – 446 female vertex, 445 Paranothrotes ocellatus, holotype; 446 Paranothrotes opacus rectus, allotype. 447 – 448 dorsal view of abdomen in male, 447 Paranothrotes tenuicornis, holotype; 448 Paranothrotes nigripes. 449 – 450 male hind femur, 449 Paranothrotes gotvendicus, syntype; 450 Paranothrotes siirt, paratype. 451 – 454 longitudinal sulcus of pronotum in male, 451 Paranothrotes eximius eximius, holotype; 452 Paranothrotes eximius bitlis, paratype; 453 Paranothrotes gotvendicus, syntype; 454 Paranothrotes tenuicornis, holotype. 455 – 456 male head, 455 Paranothrotes gotvendicus, syntype; 456 Paranothrotes tenuicornis, paratype. 457 – 458 female vertex, 457 Paranothrotes nigrolobus; 458 Paranothrotes siirt, paratype. 459 – 460 female hind femur, 459 Paranothrotes nigrolobus; 460 Paranothrotes siirt, paratype.

FIGURES 461 – 480. Body parts and habitus. 461 – 462 Paranothrotes siirt, male holotype, 461 typical light band on pronotum; 462 ditto longitudinal sulcus of pronotum; 463 – 466 Paranothrotes citimus, male, 463 pronotum in paratype; 464 longitudinal sulcus of pronotum in holotype; 465 phallus in paratype; 466 epiphallus in paratype. 467 – 468 longitudinal sulcus of pronotum in male, 467 Paranothrotes schelkovnikovi, paralectotype; 468 Paranothrotes nigripes. 469 – 470 epiphallus, 469 Paranothrotes nigripes; 470 Paranothrotes ornatus. 471 – 473 Paranothrotes buzuldagi, female holotype, 471 habitus lateral; 472 ditto dorsal; 473 ditto subgenital plate. 474 – 476 Paranothrotes dentatus, female holotype, 474 habitus lateral; 475 ditto dorsal; 476 head and pronotum. 477 – 480 Paranothrotes sulcatus, habitus, 477 male syntype; 478 male not a type; 479 female syntype; 480 female not a type.

FIGURES 481 – 494. Habitus. 481 – 482 Paranothrotes opacus opacus, 481 male lectotype; 482 female paralectotype. 483 – 484 Paranothrotes opacus rectus, 483 male holotype; 484 female allotype. 485 Paranothrotes ocellatus, female holotype. 486 – 487 Paranothrotes eximius eximius, 486 male paratype; 487 female allotype. 488 – 491 Paranothrotes eximius bitlis, 488 male holotype; 489 ditto dorsal; 490 female paratype; 491 ditto dorsal. 492 – 493 Paranothrotes gotvendicus, 492 male syntype; 493 female syntype. 494 Paranothrotes apicalis, female syntype.

FIGURES 495 – 508. Habitus. 495 – 496 Paranothrotes tenuicornis, 495 male holotype; 496 female allotype. 497 – 498 Paranothrotes demawendi, 497 male holotype, mirror view; 498 female allotype. 499 – 500 Paranothrotes margaritae, 499 male; 500 female paratype. 501 Paranothrotes citimus, male holotype. 502 – 505 Paranothrotes siirt, 502 male holotype; 503 ditto dorsal; 504 female paratype; 505 ditto dorsal. 506 Paranothrotes nigrolobus, female. 507 – 508 Paranothrotes schelkovnikovi, 507 male lectotype; 508 female paralectotype.

FIGURES 509 – 521. Habitus and body parts. 509 – 510 Paranothrotes nigripes, 509 male; 510 female lectotype. 511 – 512 Paranothrotes ornatus, 511 male holotype; 512 female allotype. 513 – 514 Pseudonothrotes levis, 513 male holotype; 514 female allotype. 515 – 516 Eunothrotes derjugini, 515 male lectotype; 516 female paralectotype. 517 – 519 Neoparanothrotes borumandi, 517 male paratype; 518 female paratype; 519 ditto female head and pronotum. 520 – 521 Neoparanothrotes diamesus, female holotype, 520 habitus; 521 ditto head and pronotum.

FIGURES 555 – 583. Body parts. 555 – 556 male head and pronotum, 555 Nocaracris cinerascens, holotype; 556 Nocaracris ponticus, holotype. 557 – 558 female head, 557 Nocaracris tauricolus, holotype; 558 Nocaracris burri, topotype. 559 – 563 female prosternum, 559 Nocaracris burri; 560 Nocaracris sureyana; 561 and 562 Nocaracris tardus, paratypes; 563 Nocaracris emirdagi, paratype. 564 – 565 typical light band on pronotum in male, 564 Nocaracris tardus, holotype; 565 Nocaracris emirdagi, holotype, without light band. 566 – 568 male fastigium of vertex, lateral view, 566 Nocaracris cejchani, holotype; 567 Nocaracris bodenheimeri; 568 Nocaracris cinerascens, holotype. 569 – 570 female pronotum, 569 Nocaracris bodenheimeri; 570 Nocaracris cinerascens. 571 – 574 longitudinal sulcus of pronotum in female, 571 Nocaracris demirsoyi; 572 Nocaracris cyanipes; 573 Nocaracris curtus, allotype; 574 Nocaracris ponticus, allotype. 575 – 576 female frons, lateral view, 575 Nocaracris cyanipes; 576 Nocaracris curtus, allotype. 577 – 579 female eye, 577 Nocaracris minutus, holotype; 578 Nocaracris karadagi, paratype; 579 Nocaracris van, paratype. 580 – 583 female prosternum, 580 Nocaracris palandoken, paratype; 581 and 582 Nocaracris karadagi, paratypes; 583 Nocaracris monticolus, paratype.

FIGURES 584 – 610. Body parts. 584 – 585 female hind femur, 584 Nocaracris karadagi, paratype; 585 Nocaracris monticolus, paratype. 586 – 587 Nocaracris karadagi, female paratype, 586 longitudinal sulcus of pronotum; 587 pronotal carinae. 588 – 589 Nocaracris palandoken, female paratype, 588 longitudinal sulcus of pronotum; 589 pronotal carinae. 590 – 591 male hind femur, 590 Nocaracris latipes, paratype; 591 Nocaracris monticolus, holotype. 592 – 593 Nocaracris elegans, female, 592 vertex and eye; 593 prosternum. 594 – 595 Nocaracris tridentatus, female, 594 vertex and eye; 595 prosternum. 596 – 597 Nocaracris tecticollis, female holotype, 596 body high; 597 head frontal view; 598 Nocaracris citripes, paratype, body low. 599 – 600 female vertex, 599 Nocaracris citripes; 600 Nocaracris karshitoros, paratype. 601 – 602 male pronotal carinae, 601 Nocaracris sabulosus; 602 Nocaracris karshitoros. 603 Nocaracris dilekensis, female tympanum. 604 – 606 Nocaracris goektepe, 604 without tympanum, female; 605 male prosternum; 606 female prosternum. 607 – 609 Nocaracris bicoloripes, 607 without tympanum, female; 608 male prosternum; 609 female prosternum. 610 Nocaracris subrubratus, female prosternum.