Cirsium semzinanicum Firat, 2016

Firat, Mehmet, 2016, Cirsium semzinanicum (Asteraceae), a new species from Hakkari, Turkey, PhytoKeys 68, pp. 65-72 : 67-71

Cirsium semzinanicum Firat sp. nov. Figs 2 , 3

Type.

Turkey. C10 Hakkâri: Şemdinli, Bêgoz village, Kaduna region , rocky slopes, eroded slopes, 37°17'15"N, 44°25'25"E, 1717 m, 26 July 2011, M. Fırat 27257 (holotype VANF!, isotypes ANKA, E, and Hb. M. Fırat) .

Diagnosis.

Cirsium semzinanicum clearly differs from Cirsium karduchorum Petr. in its stems 100-150 cm tall (vs. 50-100 cm tall, robust), basal leaves 15-25 × 9-14 cm "excluding 10-18 petiole", green, (vs. 30-40 × 15-20 cm "excluding 15-20 cm petiole", bluish-green), involucre 15-25 × 20-30 mm ovoid tosubglobose (vs. 25-30 × (30-)40-50 mm depressed subglobose tobroadly obovoid), phyllaries 9-12-seriate ± erecto-refIexed (vs. 11-14-seriate refIexed or recurved), achen brownish 7-9 × 3-4 mm (vs. bright grayish brown 6-7.5 × 3 mm).

Description.

Perennial, few stemmed from base, erect, 100-150 cm tall, unwinged but longitudinally striate, glabrous-glaucous, with few branches above, sterile shoots at the base. Basal leaves long-petiolate, petioles 10-18 cm long, winged, with large auricules; lamina broadly elliptic in outline, 15-25 × 9-14 cm, green, very sparsely spinulose-strigose above with 0.5-0.9 mm long, adpressed setae, ca 1-3 per 2 mm square, otherwise densely arachnoid; lower surface very sparsely arachnoid, 3/4 pinnatifid with 4-5-pairred, 5-8 × 2-5 lateral and terminal lobes with stout 7-12 mm apical spine. Middle cauline leaves similar but smaller tobasal leaves, petioles 1-6 cm long. lamina broadly elliptic in outline 4-8 × 2,5-4 cm long, lateral and terminal lobes 3/4 pinnatifid with 3-5 lobes, spinulose-strigose above with 0.7-1.2 mm long, adpressed setae, ca 4-6 per 2 mm square, otherwise densely arachnoid with stout 6-9 mm apical spine. Upper cauline leaves similar middle cauline leaves but smaller and sessile. shortly auriculate. Uppermost (involucral) leaves 2-3, 1-3 cm long, linear-lanceolate with sinuate-dentate margin, shorter than involucre, sessile. Capitula erect, 1(-2) on each branch, compound corymbose with 15-30-capitula, 26-35 mm × 2-30 mm, sessile or peduncles 1-2 cm long; involucre 15-25 × 20-30 mm, ovoid tosubglobose; phyllaries 9-12-seriate, adpressed, glabrous, greensh-yellowish, ± erecto-reflexed, the outer 8-10 × 2-3 mm, with reflexed, ovate-oblong, 3-5 × 0.3-0.4 mm long apical spine; the median 10-14 × 2-3 mm long, with ± reflexed, oblong-lanceolate, 4-6 × 0.2-0.3 mm long apical spine; the inner 16-21 × 1-2 mm, linear-lanceolate, 5-7 × 0.1-0.2 mm long apical spine. Corolla pinkish-whitish, 26-32 mm long. lobed to1/4-1/5. Style 15-19 mm long, exerted, shortly bilobed; filaments 5-7 mm long, densely hairy; Achenes brownish, 7-9 × 3-4 mm, oblong, asymmetric, slightly compressed. Pappus 16-18 mm long, plumose, dirty white, or light brown.

Micromorphology.

Pollen grains are tricolporate, pollen shapes P/E: spheroidal, amb circular, polar axis 36.72 µm, equatorial axis 36.60 µm, exine 1.62 µm thick, ornamentation echinate. Tectum complete structured, spines conic and pointed, 5-6 per 100 µm 2, 2.83 µm long, base diameter 3.45 µm, intine 1.02 µm, colpi margins are straight and distinct with pointed ends, 10 µm long (Fig. 4 ).

Pollen grains are tricolporate, pollen shapes P/E: spheroidal, amb circular, polar axis 36.21µm, equatorial axis 38.25 µm, exine 1.73 µm thick, ornamentation echinate, tectum complete structured, perforate with spines conic and pointed, 5-6 per 100 µm 2, 2.70 µm long, base diameter 3.45 µm, intine 0.95 µm, colpi margins are straight and distinct with pointed ends, 17.5 µm long (Fig. 5 ).

Phenology.

Flowering and fruiting, from July to September.

Vernacular name.

Cirsium spp. are called as “Kîvar” by the local people of the Hakkâri province ( Fırat 2013).

Etymology.

The specific epithet is derived from the name of the Şemzinan ( Şemdinli) province where type material was collected.

Distribution and conservation status.

Cirsium semzinanicum is endemic to Hakkâri province in Turkey. The number of mature individuals is approximately 600 and is known from 3 locations (criteria B2ab [i.iii]). Therefore, it should be regarded as belonging tothe IUCN Vulnerable (VU) threat category ( IUCN 2014).

Habitat and ecology.

The new species grows in Oak openings, slopes and eroded slopes at c. 1600-1900 m elevation with plants such as Quercus libani , Daphne oleoides subsp. kurdica , Satureja bachtiarica , Dianthus orientalis , Echinops tournefortii , Astragalus sp., Eryngium billardierei .

Figures

Figure 2. Cirsium semzinanicum sp. nov.: a habits b basal leaf c upper leaf surface d capitulum. Cirsium karduchorum: e habit f basal leaf g upper leaf surface h capitulum.

Figure 3. Cirsium semzinanicum sp. nov.: a outer phyllary b median phyllary c inner phyllary d achene. Cirsium karduchorum: e outer phyllary f median phyllary g inner phyllary h achene.

Figure 4. SEM Microphotograph of pollen of Cirsium karduchorum.

Figure 5. SEM Microphotograph of pollen of Cirsium semzinanicum sp. nov.