Ipomoea dumetorum Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.

Wood, John R. I., Munoz-Rodriguez, Pablo, Williams, Bethany R. M. & Scotland, Robert W., 2020, A foundation monograph of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the New World, PhytoKeys 143, pp. 1-823 : 1

281. Ipomoea dumetorum Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. , Syst. Veg. 4: 789. 1819. (Roemer and Schultes 1819: 789)

Ipomoea serotina Roem. & Schult. , Syst. Veg. 4: 215. 1819. (Roemer and Schultes 1819: 215). Type. Origin unknown, Balbis s.n. (holotype TO).

Convolvulus pauciflorus Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. , Syst. Veg. 4: 789. 1819. (Roemer and Schultes 1819: 789). Type. PERU. Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (B-W 03695-01).

Convolvulus dumetorum Kunth , Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 3: 101. 1818 [pub. 1819]. (Kunth 1819: 101), non Ipomoea dumetorum Willd ex Roem. & Schult. (1819) . Type. COLOMBIA. "in temeratis Andinum Quinduensium", Bonpland s.n. (holotype P00670749).

Convolvulus pulchellus Kunth , Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 101. 1818 [pub. 1819]. (Kunth 1819: 101). Type. PERU. Bonpland s.n. (holotype P00670748!).

Ipomoea pulchella (Kunth) G. Don , Gen. Hist. 4: 276. 1838. (Don 1838: 276), nom. illeg., non Ipomoea pulchella Roth (1821) .

Convolvulus glaucescens Kunth , Nov. Gen. Sp. Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 101. 1818. [pub. 1819]. (Kunth 1819: 101). Type. ECUADOR. Quito, Bonpland & Humboldt (P00670750!).

Ipomoea glaucescens (Kunth) G. Don , Gen. Hist. 4: 275. 1838. (Don 1838: 275).

Ipomoea dumetorum var. glaucescens (Kunth) Choisy in A.P. de Candolle , Prodr. 9: 378. 1845. (Choisy 1845: 378).

Quamoclit mutica Choisy in A.P. de Candolle , Prodr. 9: 335. 1845. (Choisy 1845: 335). Type. PERU. Lima, Dombey s.n. (Probable holotype P00666112).

Ipomoea oligantha Choisy in A.P. de Candolle , Prodr. 9: 380. 1845. (Choisy 1845: 380). Type. Based on Convolvulus pauciflorus Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. and C. pulchellus Kunth

Ipomoea chilensis A. Braun & C.D. Bouche, Index Sem. [Berlin], append. 1: 1. 1857 [pub. 1858]. (Braun and Bouché 1858: 1). Type. CHILE. Plant from Chile cultivated at B from seed sent by R.A. Philippi (?B†, n.v.).

Convolvulus pauciflorus var. chilensis (A. Braun & C.D. Bouche) Kuntze , Revis. Gen. Pl. 3: 214. 1898. (Kuntze 1898: 214).

Ipomoea paposana Phil. , Viage Des. Atacama 299. 1860. (Philippi 1860: 210). Type. CHILE. Antofagusta, Paposo, R.A. Philippi s.n. (holotype SGO00003907).

Ipomoea dumetorum forma alba Moldenke , Phytologia 2: 224. 1947. (Moldenke 1947: 224). Type. ECUADOR. Loja, La Argelia, Espinosa 215 a (holotype NY00319183).

Type.

Sine loc, probably Colombia or Ecuador, Humboldt & Bonpland (holotype B-W 03750-01 0), photo F).

Description.

Twining annual herb, stems glabrous, sometimes muricate. Leaves petiolate, mostly 4-10 × 3-7 cm, ovate-deltoid (rarely 3-lobed), hastate to broadly cordate, auricles rounded or acute, apex acute and finely mucronate, margin entire or with a large marginal tooth, both surfaces usually glabrous but sometimes abaxially pubescent on veins near base; petioles 2.5-4(-8) cm. Inflorescence of pedunculate axillary cymes; peduncles 2-8 cm, sometimes paired, glabrous or hirsute at base; bracteoles 2-3 mm, narrowly linear-lanceolate, acuminate, ± persistent; secondary peduncles short, 0.5-1 cm; pedicels mostly 1-1.5 cm, often recurved in bud; sepals slightly unequal, the inner slightly shorter than the outer, 5-6 mm, broadly ovate to elliptic, obtuse, mucronulate, pale green with prominent dark spots and pale margins, outer sepals sometimes muricate, usually glabrous, rarely pubescent; corolla 2-2.8 cm long, broadly funnel-shaped, glabrous, tube pale pink or white, limb pink (sometimes reported to be bluish), c. 2 cm diam. Capsules glabrous, ovoid, rostrate, the persistent style c. 2 mm long; seeds 5-6 × 2-2.5 cm, black, microscopically tomentellous.

Illustration.

Figure 2B; O 'Donell (1959b: 153).

Distribution.

This is a common species extending from Argentina north along the Andes through Central America to reach the southern United States. It is noticeably more common south of the Equator than further north. It is mostly found in disturbed bushy places and on woodland borders between 2000 and 3000 m but reaches at least 3500 m in Bolivia and Peru and is reported from low altitudes in the coastal deserts of Chile around Antofagasta and commonly from the coastal Lomas in Peru, suggesting that the presence of damp cloud and mist are significant in its distribution.

CHILE. Antofagusta: type of Ipomoea paposana .

ARGENTINA. Catamarca: Andalgalá, P. Jorgensen 1213 (LIL, MO, US). Jujuy: Tumbaya, A. Krapovickas et al. 46658 (CTES), 47893 (CTES. MO). Salta: Los Toldos, L.J. Novara 5274 (G); R. de Lerma, L.J. Novara 6580 (G), La Caldera, L.J. Novara 6642 (G); Orán, Pierotti 1302 (LIL). Tucumán: T. Meyer 13978 (LIL); Burruyacu, Monetti 2032 (LIL, P).

BOLIVIA. Chuquisaca: Boeto, Nuevo Mundo, J. Gutiérrez et al. 603 (ARIZ, HSB, LPB, MO); Zudañez, A.N.M.I. El Palmar, J.R.I. Wood et al. 23298 (K, LPB). Cochabamba: Campero, Pasorapa-Bellavista, J.R.I. Wood et al. 19450 (BOLV, HSB, K, LPB, USZ); Capinota, Apillapampa, E. Thomas 371 (BOLV, LPB); Cercado: E.K. Balls 6214 (BM, BOLV, K, US). La Paz: Murillo, Valle de Zongo, S.G. Beck 3668 (MO, LPB); Saavedra, Charazani, A. Fuentes et al. 6840 (ARIZ, LPB, MO); Sud Yungas, Puente Chiltuayo, below Lambate, J.R.I. Wood et al.29194 (LPB, USZ). Santa Cruz: Vallegrande, G.A. Parada & V. Rojas 2610 (OXF, MO, USZ). Tarija: Arce: Cerro Pabellón, S.G. Beck et al. 26076 (ARIZ, LPB); O’Connor, Narvaez, J. Solomon 10389 (LPB, MO).

PERU. Amazonas: Chachapoyas, A. Mathews s.n. (K). Ancash: E. Cerrate 550 (USM); R. Ferreyra 8668 (USM). Apurimac: C. Vargas 8760 (CUZ). Arequipa: Condesuyos, Chuquibamba, D. Stafford 1181 (BM, K); Mollendo, D. Stafford 832 (BM, K). Cajamarca: C. Díaz & M. Severo Baldeón 2873 (MO); A. Sagástegui 15377 (F). Cusco: Macchu-Picchu, T.G. Tutin 1274 (BM); Urubamba, H.H. Iltis et al. s.n. [19/12/1962] (K), Paucaratambo, E.K. Balls 6787 (BM, K). Huánuco: Proaño 175 (USM). Ica: Santiago, Lomas de Amara, O. Whaley et al. 1744 (K). Junín: Huancayo, J. Soukup 3152 (MO, P, S). Lima: Lomas de Atocongo, T.W. Böcher et al. 377 (K); Lomas de Chancayllo, R. Ferreyra 16599 (MO USM); M. La Torre et al. 973 (USM). Moquegua: R. Ferreyra 11603 (USM). Piura: R. Ferreyra 13757 (USM). Tacna: R. Ferreyra 12647 (USM).

ECUADOR. Azuay: C.W.T. Penland & R.H. Summers 1045 (F, US). Cañar: T. Croat & M. Menke 89025A (MO). Chimbarazo: L. A. Mille (US). El Oro: G. Harling & Andersson 18798 (GB). Loja: B. MacBryde 309 (MO); Sparre 16674 (S). Manabí: E. Asplund 15946 (S). Pinchincha: C.E. Cerón 15212 (MO). Tungarahua: M. Acosta-Solis 9313 (F); Ambato, E. Bravo 625 (QCA).

COLOMBIA. Cundinamarca: Bogotá, J. Triana 3801 (BM); Goudot (K). Magdalena: Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, J. Cuatrecasas 24782A (COL, US). Nariño: H.H. Martines 29 (COL). Quindío: type of Convolvulus dumetorum Kunth

VENEZUELA. Mérida/Táchira: San José to Mucutuy, C. Jeffrey et al. 2120 (K).

COSTA RICA. M. Chavarría 625 (INB).

MEXICO. Est. México & Dist. Fed.: Ciudad Universitaria, R. Bye 27004 (MEXU); Tepotzotlán, J. Rzedowski 36567 (MO); Polotitlán, E. Matuda et al. 26545 (MEXU); Pedregal, E. Lyonnet 108 (BM). Guanajuato: San Felipe, W of Altos de Ibarra, G. Arias 2297 (IEB); R. & J.D. Galván 2297 (MEXU). Hidalgo: 6 km al N de Tlalnalapa, J. Rzedowski 35931 (ASU, IEB, MEXU). Jalisco: E. Bourgeau 796 (P, S, US). Michoacán: Zacapu, W of La Angostura, A. Grimaldo 534 (IEB, MEXU); Pedregal de Arocutín, M.E. Molino & S. Zamudio 296 (IEB). Morelos: Huitzilac, I. Diáz 1145 (MEXU). Oaxaca: C. Conzatti 2274 (US) fide McDonald. San Luis Potosí: J.G. Schaffner 620 (GH, K).

UNITED STATES. New Mexico: White Mountains, E.O. Wooton 630 (NY, P); Organ Mountains, A. McDonald 140 (TEX). Texas: Mount Livermore, Hinckley 322 (NY).

Notes.

Although commonly misidentified, this species is readily identified in the field by its small pink (reported as pale blue in the northern hemisphere) flowers and pale green sepals with distinct dark spots. The sepals are usually completely glabrous but some specimens from Peru (G. Calatuyud 2382, 3261 (both MO, OXF) have pubescent sepals. It is sometimes confused with Ipomoea aristolochiifolia but usually grows at a higher altitude and the peduncle never passes through the sinus of the leaf base.

Quamoclit mutica was identified as Ipomoea tricolor by McPherson (1993) but the specimen at Paris is clearly I. dumetorum as suggested by Choisy’s inclusion of Ipomoea serotina under this species.

Figures

Figure 2. Sepals of Ipomoea species. A I. setifera B I. dumetorum C I. aristolochiifolia D I. crinicalyx E I. plummerae F I. bahiensis G I. amnicola H I. appendiculata. Photographs of A (Wood et al. 27771) B (Wood et al. 27654) D (Wood et al. 27606) and G (Wood et al. 27706) by Beth Williams C (Wood 27926) H (Wood et al. 28024) by John Wood E by Mario Giorgetta F (Queiroz et al. 15950) by Hibert Huaylla.