Ipomoea rubens Choisy

Wood, John R. I., Munoz-Rodriguez, Pablo, Williams, Bethany R. M. & Scotland, Robert W., 2020, A foundation monograph of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the New World, PhytoKeys 143, pp. 1-823 : 1

399. Ipomoea rubens Choisy , Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 6: 463[81]. 1834. (Choisy 1834: 463[81])

Ipomoea lilacina Blume , Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 13: 716. 1826. (Blume 1825-6: 716), nom. illeg., non Ipomoea lilacina Schrank (1822) . Type. JAVA. Batavia, Blume 1097 (holotype L0004203, possible isotype P).

Ipomoea riparia G. Don , Gen. Hist. 4: 265. 1838. (Don 1838: 265). Type. SÃO TOME AND PRÍNCIPE. (holotype BM000930417, fide Verdcourt 1963: 135, n.v.).

Ipomoea baclii Choisy , Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 8 (1): 60[138]. 1838. (Choisy 1838: 60[138]). Type. SENEGAL. Bacle s.n. (holotype G00135884).

Ipomoea rubens var. lanata Choisy Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 9: 371. 1845. (Choisy 1845: 381). Type. INDIA. Pirgun, Buchanan-Hamilton in Wallich 2252 (isotype K).

Ipomoea lindleyi Choisy in A.P. de Candolle , Prodr. 9: 371. 1845. (Choisy 1845: 381). Type. MADAGASCAR. (holotype CGE00070, isotype BR).

Ipomoea parkeri Choisy in A.P. de Candolle , Prodr. 9: 381. 1845. (Choisy 1845: 381). Type. GUYANA. Demerara, K.D. Parker (holotype G 00135830, isotype K 000612844).

Pharbitis fragrans Bojer ex Choisy in A.P. de Candolle , Prodr. 9: 341. 1845. (Choisy 1845: 341). Type. MADAGASCAR. Foulepoint, Bojer s.n. (holotype G00135106).

Ipomoea fragrans (Bojer ex Choisy) Baker , Fl. Mauritius 209. 1877. (Baker 1877: 209).

Ipomoea parkeri var. subsericea Meisn. in Martius et al. , Fl. Brasil. 7: 284. 1869. (Meisner 1869: 284). Type. SURINAM. Salem, H.R. Wullschlaegel 346 (BR0000005837717).

Ipomoea hellebarda Schweinf. ex Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: 142. 1893 (Hallier 1893b: 142). Type. SUDAN. Matemma, G.A. Schweinfurth 2176 (holotype B†?, isotype P00434209).

Ipomoea villicalyx N. E. Br. , Trans. Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 20: 64. 1894 (Brown, NE 1894: 64). Type. ARGENTINA or PARAGUAY. Gran Chaco, E. Gibert (lectotype K000612910, designated here).

Ipomoea oxyphylla Baker, Bull. Misc. Inf. Kew 1894: 71 . 1894. (Baker 1894: 71). Type. ANGOLA. Welwitsch 6229 (holotype K000097183, isotypes LISU).

Ipomoea stuhlmannii Dammer, Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas 333. 1895. (Engler 1895: 333). Type. TANZANIA. Bukumbi, Stuhlmann 828 (holotype B†).

Ipomoea hovarum Rendle, J. Bot. 39: 58. 1901. (Rendle 1901: 58). Type. MADAGASCAR. C.T. Hilsenberg & W.Bojer s.n. (holotype BM).

Ipomoea brasseuriana De Wild. Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot. sér. 4, [1(3)]: 115. 1903 (Wilderman 1902-3: 115). Type. CONGO. Environs du Lac Moero, E. Verdick s.n. (holotype BR0000008884886).

Ipomoea bonii Gagnep., Notul. Syst. (Paris) 3: 142. 1915. (Gagnepain 1915: 142). Type. VIETNAM. Hanoi, H.F. Bon 2816, 4233 (syntypes K, L, P).

Ipomoea garnieri Standl. & L.O. Williams , Ceiba 3: 128. 1952. (Standley and Williams 1952b: 128). Type. NICARAGUA. A. Garnier 110 (holotype F0054841).

Type.

INDIA. Wallich 1421 (lectotype G00227258, designated by Wood et al. 2015: 20, isolectotypes K-W, G).

Description.

Twining perennial herb, stems tomentose, to several metres long. Leaves petiolate, 4-8 × 3-5 cm, ovate-deltoid, often shallowly 3-lobed, cordate with rounded auricles, apex acute, adaxially pubescent, abaxially grey-tomentose; petioles 2-4 cm, grey-tomentose. Inflorescence of compact, axillary, pedunculate cymes; peduncles 3-12 cm, densely woolly-pilose; bracteoles 3-7 mm, linear, caducous; secondary peduncles (if present) 2-3 mm; pedicels 5-17 mm, pilose; sepals somewhat unequal, outer (8-)10-14 mm, accrescent to 16 mm in fruit, ovate-deltoid, acute (or obtuse), pilose, inner sepals 8-12 mm, obtuse, pilose, margins scarious; corolla 4-5.5 cm long, funnel-shaped, pink, sericeous-pubescent, limb 4-5 cm diam. Capsules globose, 8-13 × 11-12 mm, enclosed by sepals, glabrous; seeds 5-6 mm long, pilose.

Illustration: O’Donell (1959b: 231) as Ipomoea riparia ; Deroin (2001: 241); Figure 190B .

Distribution.

A pantropical species originally described from India but with every appearance of being native in parts of the New World especially in the basin of the Paraguay-Paraná Rivers. It is a plant with a very distinct ecology, growing at low altitudes beside slow-moving tropical rivers, streams and small lakes but is very scattered in its distribution, being rare or absent from many parts of the neotropics, particularly north of the Isthmus of Panama.

ARGENTINA. Chaco: Resistencia, O’Donell 5578 (LIL). Corrientes: T.M. Pedersen 5557 (C, E, S), 6461 (C, S). Entre Ríos: A. Burkart 30083 (RB, SI) - requires confirmation. Misiones: Posadas, C. O’Donell 5601 (LIL); San Ignacio, H.A. Keller & N.G. Paredes 7095 (CTES, FCQ).

PARAGUAY. Alto Paraguay: Est. Miranda, F. Mereles 6824 (FCQ). Central: Río Salado on road to Limpio, J.R.I. Wood et al. 28141 (FCQ); Lago Ypacaraí, F. Mereles 459 (FCQ, MO). Cordillera: Ypacaraí, E. Hassler 12183 (BM, K, MO, S). Itapuá: A. Pin et al. 565 (PY); B. Balansa 1054 (P). Presidente Hayes: Puente Remanso, K. Ericsson 582 (MO, PY).

BRAZIL. Amazonas: Lago do Carão, V.F. Kinupp 1903 (INPA). Mato Grosso: C.A.M. Lindman 3195 (S); P. Estadual do Xingo, D. Zappi et al. 3157 (K, RB); Novo Mundo, D. Sasaki et al. 1474 (K). Mato Grosso do Sul: Faz. Acurizal, near Corumbá, G. Schaller 184 (NY); Cabeceira Grande, Rio Preto, A.A. Santos & J.B. Pereira 1806 (CEN). Paraná: K.K. Kita 304 (MBM). São Paulo: V. Stranghetti 297 (UEC). Also Acre, Pernambuco and Rio de Janeiro fide Flora do Brasil (2020).

FRENCH GUIANA. Savane Matiti, G. Cremers 14484a (CAY).

GUYANA. Jenman 5531 (K); D. Hancock 50 (K).

SURINAM. J. Langouw 1064 (K); J. Langouw & J.C. Lindeman 1430 (K).

BOLIVIA. Beni: Cercado, Laguna Suárez, N. Ritter & M. Ritter 3346 (BOLV, MO); Vaca Díaz, Riberalta, J. Solomon 16736 (LPB, MO). Cochabamba: Puerto Villarroel, R. Chávez de Michel 3269 (LPB). Pando: Río Negro, Vargas et al. 980 (LPB). Santa Cruz: Germán Busch, Puerto Suárez, R. Frey et al. 494 (MO, USZ); Ñuflo de Chávez, Sam Miguelito, A. Fuentes 1586 (LPB, NY, USZ); Velasco, El Refugio, J.R.I. Wood & H. Huaylla 20754 (HSB, K, LPB, USZ).

PERU. Loreto: Res. Nac. Pacaya-Samiria, C. Del Cario 2275 (MO).

ECUADOR. Guayas: L.B. Holm-Nielsen & S. Jeppesen 95 (AAU. MO, S). Los Ríos: G. Harling 435 (MO).

COLOMBIA. Arauca: L.E.Forero & J.C. Betancour 193 (COL, MO). Chocó: H. León 266 (COL). Magdalena: Chiriguana, C. Allen 48 (MO).

VENEZUELA. Delta Amacuro: Antonio Díaz, J. Steyermark et al. 114834 (MO).

NICARAGUA. Matagalpa, P.P. Moreno 4908 (MO).

HONDURAS. Lago Yojoa, J.M. MacDougal et al. 3093 (MO).

MEXICO. Jalisco: E.J. Lott et al. 2867 (MEXU). Tabasco: A. Novelo et al. 4127 (MO); Veracruz: Minatitlán, M.A. Tenorio Torres 2 (MEXU).

TRINIDAD. Crueger (?) s.n, [4/10/1849] (K).

Note.

This superficially appears to belong to the Jalapa radiation (species 1-83) but molecular sequencing shows that it is an unrelated Old World species ( Muñoz-Rodríguez et al. 2019). The pilose sepals and grey-tomentose leaves can lead to confusion with Ipomoea longibarbis but the corolla is shorter and the bracteoles much smaller. Moreover their habitats are quite different, Ipomoea rubens growing by water whereas I. longibarbis is a plant of very dry scrub.

• Species 400-417 form a neotropical clade nested within the Old World Clade (OWC). Although several species show obvious similarities to others in the clade, there is no obvious single over-riding morphological feature which characterises the group. It is noteworthy that Ipomoea obscura and I. ochracea belong to this clade although they are generally considered to be introductions from the Old World to the neotropics.

Figures

Figure 190. Photographs of Ipomoea species. A I. tiliifolia B I. rubens C I. corymbosa D I. ochracea E I. peruviana F I. echinocalyx. A http: // tropical. theferns. info / B John Pink C John Wood D Starr Environmental E Maira Martinez F John Wood.