Ixodes hexagonus Leach, 1815

Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. & Robbins, Richard G., 2020, Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019, Zootaxa 4871 (1), pp. 1-322 : 34

99. Ixodes hexagonus Leach, 1815 .

A Palearctic species, all of whose parasitic stages are usually found on Erinaceomorpha : Erinaceidae , but they have also been collected from other Mammalia (several orders). Adults and nymphs have been recovered from Passeriformes : Turdidae ; adult ticks alone have been collected from Columbiformes : Columbidae , and Galliformes : Phasianidae ; while immature stages have been recovered from Passeriformes : Corvidae , Paridae and Sturnidae , and Strigiformes : Strigidae ( Cull et al. 2018, Guglielmone & Robbins 2018). Ixodes hexagonus is a frequent parasite of humans.

M: Audouin (1832), under the name Ixodes reduvius (usually a synonym of Ixodes ricinus ), according to Neumann (1899)

F: Leach (1815)

N: Koch (1844b), under the name Ixodes sexpunctatus , a synonym of Ixodes hexagonus , as stated in Neumann (1901)

L: Mégnin (1880), under the name Ixodes ricinus , as explained in Neumann (1899)

Redescriptions

M: Neumann (1899) , Wheler (1906), Nuttall and Warburton (1911), Arthur (1953 a, 1963, 1965), Babos (1964), Nosek and Sixl (1972), Filippova (1977), Cordas et al. (1993), Siuda (1993), Hillyard (1996), Estrada-Peña et al. (2004, 2017), Slovák (2010), Walker, M.D. (2018)

F: Neumann (1899) , Wheler (1906), Nuttall and Warburton (1911), Filippova (1961, 1977), Arthur (1953 a, 1963, 1965), Babos (1964), Nosek and Sixl (1972), Cordas et al. (1993), Siuda (1993), Hillyard (1996), Estrada-Peña et al. (2004, 2017), Slovák (2010), Hornok et al. (2017a), Walker, M.D. (2018)

N: Nuttall and Warburton (1911), Filippova (1961, 1977), Arthur (1953 a, 1963, 1965), Babos (1964), Nosek and Sixl (1972), Cordas et al. (1993), Manilla and Iori (1993), Siuda (1993), Slovák (2014), Estrada-Peña et al. (2017) L: Wheler (1906), Nuttall and Warburton (1911), Arthur (1953 a, 1963, 1965), Babos (1964), Sénevet and Ripert (1967a), Nosek and Sixl (1972), Manilla and Iori (1992), Márquez et al. (1992), Cordas et al. (1993), Siuda (1993), Slovák (2014), Estrada-Peña et al. (2017)

Note: records of Ixodes hexagonus based on specimens collected in the Oriental, Nearctic and Neotropical Regions are treated as misidentifications in Guglielmone et al. (2014). There are also redescriptions of Ixodes hexagonus under the genus Pholeoixodes , as well as controversial redescriptions under the name Ixodes hexagonus that are not included in the above lists. Arthur’s (1956b) morphological study of Ixodes hexagonus focuses chiefly on Haller´s organ. See also Ixodes canisuga for its alleged synonymy with Ixodes hexagonus , and Ixodes kaiseri for its confusion with Ixodes hexagonus .