Chalarus connexus Rafael, 1988

Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Marques, Dayse Willkenia A. & Rafael, José Albertino, 2023, Chalarus (Diptera: Pipunculidae) of Colombia, with description of two new species and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species, Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 63 (2), pp. 383-395 : 388-389

Chalarus connexus Rafael, 1988

( Figs 33–43 , 55 )

Chalarus connexus Rafael, 1988: 6 , Figs 1–13, 20–21 .

Chalarus connexus : RAFAEL (1990: 48); JERVIS (1992: 346); DE MEYER (1996:15); KEHLMAIER &ASSMANN (2010:12); RODRÍGUEZ & RAFAEL (2012: 17, 28, 43).

Material examined (1 J). COLOMBIA, Caquetá, San Vicente del

Caguán, / Vda.[Vereda] Alto Quebradón, Fca.[Finca] Rancho Veracruz,

/ Bosque piso, 02º17’55.8’’N / 74º44’29.3’’W, / 414 m [eters], 1–15.

Feb[ II].2017, / trampa Malaise en el piso del bosque, / Y.Ramos-Pastrana

( LEUA –00000049808) (photographed specimen).

Diagnosis. Cell r 1 closed to the confluence of the veins R 1 and R 2+3. Both surstyli with one lobe apically, inward directed, inner margins curved and outer margins nearly straight; both surstyli without sinus at junction with epandrium; left surstylus with lower margin rounded; right surstylus with upper margin nearly straight; both surstyli with apex upwards directed, without sinus in union with epandrium in lateral view. Gonopods thickened, with apices acute; right gonopod slightly more acute than left one. Tip of distiphallus straight and acute, without phallic processes. Phallus trifid, all ejaculatory ducts situated little before apex; lateral ejaculatory ducts with inner margins forming straight line in dorsal view.

Intraspecific variability. RAFAEL (1988) provided a complete description and illustration of the Brazilian holotype; however, we found intraspecific variation, therefore, we provide a comparison of the Colombian and Brazilian specimens (between parenthesis, when comparable).

Male. Head ( Figs 33–34 ). Occiput dark brown, brown pruinose. Antenna brown ( Fig. 35 ) (versus antenna black in the holotype). Thorax ( Figs 34–36 ). Postpronotal lobe light brown, light brown pruinose. Notopleuron concolorous with scutum. Mesopleuron brown, brown pruinose. Mediotergite brown pruinose. Wing ( Fig. 37 ). Length 2.2 mm (versus 1.8 mm), width 0.7 mm (versus 0.6 mm), membrane slightly infuscate, pterostigma occupying 2/3 of third costal section (versus pterostigma occupying a little more than half of third costal section). Halter brown (versus halter dark brown). Abdomen ( Figs 34–38 ). Tergite 1 light brown basally, dark brown posterolaterally; syntergosternite 8 dark brown, gray-brown pruinose, with long apical setae. Terminalia ( Figs 39–43 ). Epandrium and surstyli brown ( Fig. 39 ). Surstyli ( Figs 39–41 ) subsymmetrical, completely setose, with long setae apically; both surstyli with one lobe apically, directed inward, inner margin curved and outer margin nearly straight and lower margin slightly truncated ( Fig. 39 ); left surstylus with lower margin rounded, right surstylus with upper margin nearly straight, both surstyli with apex upwards directed, without sinus in union with epandrium in lateral view ( Figs 40–41 ). Gonopods subsymmetrical, thickened, with apices acute, right slightly more acute than left one ( Figs 40–41 ). Tip of distiphallus straight and acute, without phallic processes ( Fig. 42A ). Ejaculatory apodeme parasol-shaped ( Fig. 43 ). Phallus trifid, all ejaculatory ducts situated little before apex in dorsal and lateral view ( Figs 42A–B ).

Habitat. The specimen was collected in preserved areas of tropical rainforest in the Colombian Amazon, Department of Caquetá.

Geographical distribution. Brazil (Amazonas) ( RAFAEL 1990), Colombia (Caquetá) (new record) ( Fig. 55 ).

Figures

Figs 33–43. Chalarus connexus Rafael, 1988 (LEUA–00000049808). Male. 33 – habitus, left lateral view; 34 – habitus, dorsal view; 35 – antenna; 36 – thorax, dorsal view; 37 – wing; 38 – abdomen, dorsal view; 39 – terminalia, dorsal view; 40 – left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 41 – right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 42a – phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus with ejaculatory duct dislocated in this figure, left lateral view, 42b – phallus dorsal view, 43 – ejaculatory apodeme.

Fig. 55. Geographical records of Chalarus species in Colombia. Chalarus absonus Rafael, 1990, C. boyacensis sp. nov., C. chairensis sp. nov., C. connexus Rafael, 1988, and C. delicatus Rafael, 1990.

Figs 1–11. Chalarus absonus Rafael, 1990 (IAvH–M1271). Male. 1 – habitus, left lateral view; 2 – habitus, dorsal view; 3 – antenna; 4 – thorax, dorsal view; 5 – wing; 6 – abdomen, dorsal view; 7 – terminalia, dorsal view; 8 – left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 9 – right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 10a – phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus, right lateral view, 10b – phallus dorsal view; 11 – ejaculatory apodeme.

Figs 12–22. Chalarus boyacensis sp. nov. (IAvH–M1271). Holotype male. 12 – habitus, left lateral view; 13 – habitus, dorsal view; 14 – antenna; 15 – thorax, dorsal view; 16 – wing; 17 – abdomen, dorsal view; 18 – terminalia, dorsal view; 19 – left surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 20 – right surstylus and gonopod, lateral view; 21a – phallic guide, subapical processes and phallus, left lateral view, 21b – phallus dorsal view; 22 – ejaculatory apodeme.