Pseudodineura fuscula ( Klug, 1816 )

Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko & Vårdal, Hege, 2019, The West Palaearctic Pseudodineura and Endophytus species (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae), Zootaxa 4614 (3), pp. 511-528 : 520-522

Pseudodineura fuscula ( Klug, 1816)

Tenthredo (Allantus) fuscula Klug, 1816: 70–71 . Syntype (s) ♀, lost [leg. Gravenhorst: presumed to have been deposited in the Gravenhorst Collection]. Type locality: am Göttinger Walle [ Germany, Göttingen, town wall].

Dineura despecta Hartig, 1837: 228 . Syntype (s) ♀, should be in ZMHB (Hartig wrote “Mus. Kl[ug].”), but apparently lost; no type locality given. Listed as a synonym of fuscula by Konow (1905).

Dolerus minutus Hartig, 1837: 244–245 . Syntype (s) ♀, no type locality given. Lectotype ♀ (GBIF-GISHym2762; images: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7880864) in ZMHB, here designated. Type locality: Rügen [ Germany, Mecklenburg- Vorpommern]. Listed as a synonym of fuscula by Konow (1905).

Pseudodineura despecta: Konow 1885: 297 .

Pseudodineura fuscula: Konow 1890: 249 .

Phyllopais fusculus: Hering 1934: 353 .

Taxonomy. Hering (1923) thought that specimens reared from Ranunculus auricomus belonged to a species separate from fuscula . Buhr (1941) noted that the phenology of Pseudodineura on R. auricomus was two or three weeks earlier than that of fuscula on other species of Ranunculus . A male and female reared by Hering from R. auricomus and identified as Pelmatopus fusculus are in the ZMHB, and a further pair reared by Hering from R. auricomus in the ZSM, labelled “ Pelmatopus auricomi ” [unpublished name]. The latter are missing the apex of the abdomen and genitalia. We have not seen other specimens reared from this host. No external morphological differences were detected between the specimens reared from auricomus and specimens from other Ranunculus species.

Additional description. Body length: ♀ 2.5–5.0mm, ♂ 3.5–4.5mm. Pronotum completely black. Female: te- gulae usually black, sometimes brown. Abdomen black except more or less for apex of valvula 3. Lancet: Fig. 27. Male: pronotum and tegulae black. Sternum 9 black. Penis valve: Fig. 23 .

Total number of specimens examined: 79♀, 6♂.

Similar species. Of the species with black-marked femora, only the female of parvula has a somewhat similarly shaped sawsheath. In cases where the shape of the sheath is not clearly observable, the larger sawteeth on the lancet of fuscula will distinguish them. Externally, the male closely resembles the other two species with black-marked femora ( enslini and parvula ), but can be separated by its penis valve (see key).

Life history. Host plants: a large number of Ranunculus species. Altenhofer & Pschorn-Walcher (2006) found mines most abundantly on auricomus agg., repens, and platanifolius , but many other host species are used, such as

Distribution. Southern, central and northern Europe, including British Isles ( Taeger et al. 2006), Armenia, Kazakhstan, and eastern Siberia ( Sundukov 2017). Introduced to North America ( Smith 1976). Occurrence in Sweden: published records; Skåne ( Benander 1966), Öland ( Wahlgren 1944). Material examined: Skåne, Småland, Öland, Gotland, Gotska Sandön, Södermanland, Uppland, Ångermanland, Norrbotten.

Specimens examined. Austria: 18♀, 2♂ ( SDEI) . Including : 1♂ (DEIGisHym31891), Lower Austria, Rapot- tenstein, Ritterkamp , 05.06.1988, em. April 1989, Ranunculus platanifolius , leg. E. Altenhofer ( SDEI) . 1♀ (DEI- GisHym 19541), Lower Austria, Kohlveith , 6.6.1992, em. 6.5.1993, Ranunculus lanuginosus , leg. E. Altenhofer ( SDEI) .

Canada: 1♀ ( SDEI) .

Estonia: 2♀, 1♂ ( SDEI) .

Germany: 23♀, 3♂ ( SDEI) .

* Portugal: Viana do Castelo: 2♀, Paredes de Coura 6 km NNE, 480 m, 41.95°N - 8.51°E, 13.05.2012, leg. Blank, Liston & Taeger (DEIGisHym15402, 19633) ( SDEI) .

Sweden: Skåne: 1♀, Krankesjön , 55.70°N 13.47°E, 19.05.1968, leg. H. Andersson ( MZLU) . Småland : 2♀, [no further data], leg. Boheman (NHRS-HEVA000006299–6300) ( NHRS) . Öland: 1♀, Station Linné 1km E, 56.62°N 16.51°E, 01.04.2017, leg. Liston & Prous (DEIGisHym80263) ( SDEI) . Gotland: 1♀, [no further data], leg. Bohe- man, (NHRS-HEVA000006312) ( NHRS) . 1♀, Roma , 57.50°N 18.45°E, 8.6.2017, leg. Liston ( SDEI) ; leaf-mine with larva, same data (DEI-GISHym31922) ( SDEI) . Gotska Sandön : 1♀, 58.37°N 19.25°E, 17.07.1946, leg. Jans- son (NHRS-HEVA000006322) ( NHRS) . Södermanland: 3♀, Sorunda , 59.01°N 17.82°E, 21.05.1933, leg. Malaise (NHRS-HEVA000006306–8) ( NHRS) . Uppland : 1♀, [no further data], leg. Lundblad (NHRS-HEVA000006302) ( NHRS) . 1♀, Harparbol , 59.87°N 18.00°E, 23.05.1952, leg. Lundblad (NHRS-HEVA000003431) ( NHRS) . 3♀, Holmiae (Stockholm), leg. Boheman (NHRS-HEVA000006309–311) ( NHRS) . 1♀, Danderyd , 59.41°N 18.04°E, 02.05.1937, leg. Roman (NHRS-HEVA000006319) ( NHRS) . 1♀, Uppsala, 59.87°N 17.63°E, 05.1891, leg. Ro- man (NHRS-HEVA000006301) ( NHRS) . 1♀, Uppsala, 59.87°N 17.63°E, 08.05.1936, leg. Hedgren ( NHRS- HEVA000006321 ) ( NHRS) . 2♀, Erken , 59.84°N 18.65°E (NHRS-HEVA000006303–4) ( NHRS) . 1♀, Djurgården , 10.05.1937, leg. Malaise (NHRS-HEVA000006305) ( NHRS) . 1♀, Resarö , 19.05.1918, leg. Malaise ( NHRS- HEVA000006314 ) ( NHRS) . 3♀, Resarö, [no dates], leg. Malaise (NHRS-HEVA000006315–7) ( NHRS) . Västman- land: 1♀, Nora , 59.56°N 15.01°E, 05.04.1935 (NHRS-HEVA000006320) ( NHRS) . Ångermanland : 1♀, [no further data], leg. Stål, (NHRS-HEVA000006313) ( NHRS) . Norrbotten: 1♀, Kamlunge , 65.99°N 22.86°E, 28.05.2014, leg. Liston & Prous ( SDEI) . 1♀, Kalix, Vassen , 65.85°N 23.16°E, 30.05.2014, leg. Liston & Prous ( SDEI) . 1♀ (DEI-GISHym31817), Råneå 10km SW, 65.79°N 22.16°E, 30.05.2014, leg. Liston & Prous ( SDEI) . 1♀, Björkfors , 65.92°N 23.46°E, 01.06.2014, leg. Liston & Prous ( SDEI) . 1♀, Haparanda 5km W, 65.82°N 24.03°E, 03.06.2014, leg. Liston & Prous ( SDEI) .

Figures

FIGURES 21–26. Pseudodineura species, penis valves; 21, enslini (15347) vl = ventroapical lobe. 22, parvula (31894) df = distal filament. 23, fuscula (31891). 24, clematidisrectae (31889). 25, clematidis (31843). 26, mentiens (31893).