Clepsis striolana (Ragonot, 1879)

Zlatkov, Boyan & Huemer, Peter, 2019, Remarkable confusion in some Western Palearctic Clepsis leads to a revised taxonomic concept (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae), ZooKeys 885, pp. 51-87 : 51

Clepsis striolana (Ragonot, 1879) stat. rev.

Tortrix striolana Ragonot, 1879: 132 (Switzerland)

Material examined.

Lectotype ♂ by designation of Razowski (1979), pinned, with 5 labels: " Tortrix / striolana Rag. / Bull. Soc. ent. Fr., / 1879, p. 132." [handwritten] "striolatana [sic] / Rag. Helv." [handwritten] “Type” [printed red] "1901 / coll. E. L. Ragonot / Muséum Paris" "Zool. Mus. Berlin / Genit. - Unters. / Nr. 287." [printed]; male genitalia on a slide with two labels: "287. / Clepsis / striolana / Ragonot / Type." "287. Clepsis / striolana Rag. / Helv. / Bull. Soc. Ent. / Fr. 1879 p. 132 / Type." [both handwritten, with red border].

SWITZERLAND • 1 ♂; E. L. Ragonot leg.; GS 287; MNHN.

Paralectotype ♀ pinned, with three labels: "Striolatana [sic] / Rag. Helv." [handwritten] "1901 / coll. E. L. Ragonot / Muséum Paris" [printed] ‘Allotype’ [handwritten red].

SWITZERLAND • 1 ♀; E. L. Ragonot leg.; MNHN.

Other material: AUSTRIA • 2 ♂♂; North Tyrol, Stanzach, Blockau; alt. 920 m; 5 Jul. 1989; P. Huemer leg.; GS TOR 6; TLMF • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data; 16 Jul. 1989; P. Huemer leg.; GS 1/11.10.2017, 2/11.10.2017; TLMF • 6 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data; 26 Jul. 1989; P. Huemer leg.; GS 3/11.10.2017; TLMF • ITALY • 3 ♂♂; Südtirol, Prad, Praderfeld; alt. 900 m; 9 Jul. 1991; P. Huemer leg.; TLMF • 1 ♂; same collection data; 20. Jun. 1998; T. Mayr leg.; TLMF; • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; prov. Torino, Val Chisone, Fenestrelle; alt. 1150 m; Aug. 1928; G. Della-Beffa leg.; NHMW.

Diagnosis.

This is the only species of the C. neglectana group with a uniform wing pattern in both sexes. Unlike the males of C. neglectana , the costal fold is developed. The male genitalia are very similar to C. neglectana but the setal tuft of the valva is better developed, the uncus is slightly longer, the sacculus is more angled, the vesica bears two cornuti instead of one, and the shape of the labis is different. The female genitalia are also similar to C. neglectana , although some differences in the colliculum (the transparent cuticular protrusions) are present. The colliculum is much shorter and straighter in C. striolana than in C. trivia .

Description.

Adult ( Fig. 2 D–G ). Sexual dimorphism not detected. Head. Vertex, frons, palps and antennae monochrome, covered with ochreous scales. Sensilla trichodea on antennae denser and longer in males. Thorax dorsally, legs and tegula ochreous, thorax ventrally creamy. Forewing with length 8.0-8.2 mm (mean 8.1, N = 3), relatively wide, with costa convex basally and straight apically, costal fold small, extending from base to 0.4 × length of costal margin ( Fig. 3B ). Upperside background ochreous with fulvous reticulate pattern, underside pale grey-brown with creamy margins, cilia pale ochreous. Hindwing upperside pale grey, underside whitish, cilia whitish with grey line. Abdomen grey. Male genitalia ( Fig. 4C, D ). Uncus ovoid, widening dorsally, rounded, gnathos relatively large, socius membranous. Valvae pointed dorsolaterally when mounted on slide. Costal sclerite of valva relatively narrow, with short round labis covered with small acanthae and extended into pointed medial process ( Fig. 5C ). Apical part of sacculus ca. 1.4 × longer than basal part, both forming an angle of 135-140°, saccular process nearly right angled. Membranous part of valva with protuberance bearing compact tuft of dense, firmly attached scales and setae; its terminal part with concave dorsal and convex ventral margin, brachiola large, pointed laterally. Posterior part of phallus straight, with lateral process as long as 0.28 × distance between anterior opening and tip of phallus, apically bent dorsally. Anterior and posterior part of phallus form angle of 135-145°. Caulis large, Z-shaped, parallel to coecum. Vesica bent at ca. 130° dorsally, with small basal widening and terminal diverticulum dorsolaterally, pointed to right ( Fig. 6B ). Two long, slightly curved deciduous cornuti attached ventroterminally adjacent to gonopore ( Fig. 7B ). Female genitalia ( Fig. 8B ) with papillae anales not modified. Apophyses anteriores 1.7 × longer than apophyses posteriores. Sterigma widened caudad, with shallow lateral sclerotised pockets cephalad and large excavation on the dorsal wall. Colliculum short, with length 0.15 × length of ductus bursae, straight, funnel-shaped, with plicate longitudinal sclerotisation, larger right and smaller left lateral protrusions at cranial end consisting of colourless thick cuticle. Ductus bursae long and narrow, emerging at left between cuticular protrusions, with cestum extending along cranial 0.9 × of its length and expanding for short distance on corpus bursae. Ductus seminalis inserted dorsally at caudal end of ductus bursae. Corpus bursae ovoid, with large falcate signum with capitulum ( Fig. 9B ).

Preimaginal stages are unknown.

Molecular data

( Fig. 16 ). BIN: BOLD:AAM0282. The intraspecific average and maximum distances of the barcode region is unknown (N = 1). The minimum distance to the nearest BIN-sharing neighbour, C. neglectana , is 1.53%.

Distribution

( Fig. 17 ). This species seems to be limited to the Alps: Switzerland, Austria and Italy.

Ecology.

Moths were collected from late June to August on sparse scree along alpine rivers. The larval host plant is unknown.

Remarks.

The genitalia of this species resemble those of C. neglectana , only a few details in certain structures are different. The genetic distance (though small) and wing pattern both support the existence of two separate taxa.

Figures

Figure 2. Adults of Clepsis neglectana species group A-C C. neglectana: A lectotype of Tortrix neglectana B male, Southern Germany C Female, Germany D-G C. striolana: D lectotype of T. striolana E paralectotype of T. striolana F male, Austria, South Tyrol G female, Austria, South Tyrol H-K C. trivia: H holotype of T. trivia I-J males, Crete K female, Crete L-M C. acclivana: L lectotype of Cacoecia acclivana M paralectotype of C. acclivana N T. severana holotype O Cacoecia unifasciana var. semiana holotype. Scale bar: 5 mm, all to scale.

Figure 3. Costal folds of males of Clepsis spp. A C. neglectana, Germany B C. striolana, Austria C C. trivia, Crete D C. acclivana, lectotype of Cacoecia acclivana E C. consimilana, neotype of Tortrix consimilana F C. eatoniana, Spain. Scale bar: 1 mm, all to scale.

Figure 4. Male genitalia of the Clepsis neglectana species group (some without phallus) A, B C. neglectana: A Tortrix neglectana lectotype B C. neglectana, Southern Germany C, D C. striolana: C T. striolana lectotype D C. striolana, Austria, North Tyrol E, F C. trivia: E T. trivia holotype F C. trivia, Crete. Scale bar: 500 μm, all to scale.

Figure 5. Labides of Clepsis spp. A, B C. neglectana: A Southern Germany B Finland C C. striolana, Austria, North Tyrol D C. trivia, Crete E C. acclivana, paralectotype of Cacoecia acclivana F, G C. consimilana: F Germany, neotype of Tortrix consimilana G Italy H C. eatoniana, Spain. Scale bar: 100 μm, all to scale.

Figure 6. Phalli with vesicae everted of the Clepsis neglectana species group A C. neglectana, Germany B C. striolana, Austria C C. trivia, Crete D C. acclivana, paralectotype of Cacoecia acclivana. The phallus of each species is shown in three aspects from top to bottom: sclerotised phallic tube (without vesica) in dorsal view (viewpoint marked with black arrow), vesica in dorsal view (viewpoint marked with white arrow) and whole phallus in left view. 1 cornutus, 2 diverticulum, 3 location of gonopore, 4 phallic process, 5 caulis. Scale bar: 250 μm.

Figure 7. Specialised male setae in Clepsis spp. A-E cornuti: A C. neglectana, Finland B C. striolana, Austria C C. trivia, Crete D C. consimilana, neotype of Tortrix consimilana E C. eatoniana, Spain F modified large seta from the medial surface of valva of C. consimilana, Germany. Scale bar: 100 μm, all to scale.

Figure 8. Female genitalia of the Clepsis neglectana species group A C. neglectana, Finland B C. striolana, Austria C C. trivia, Crete. The top row shows the whole genitalia, the bottom row shows the sterigma and colliculum enlarged. 1 papilla analis, 2 apophysis posterior, 3 sterigma, 4 colliculum, 5 apophysis anterior, 6 ductus seminalis, 7 ductus bursae, 8 cestum, 9 corpus bursae, 10 falcate signum, 11 plate shaped signum, 12 ostium, 13 sclerotised plicae, 14 protrusion. Scale bars: 1 mm (top row), 250 μm (bottom row).

Figure 9. Signa of bursa copulatrix in Clepsis spp. A C. neglectana B C. striolana C C. trivia D C. consimilana E C. eatoniana F A detail of plate shaped signum of C. consimilana consisting of sclerotised papillae. 1 falcate signum, 2 plate shaped signum, 3 cestum. Scale bars: 250 μm (A-E, all to scale), 25 μm (F).

Figure 16. Neighbour-joining tree of Clepsis neglectana and C. consimilana species groups (Kimura 2 parameter, built with MEGA 6; cf. Tamura et al. 2013). Note: the scale bar only applies to internal branches between species. The width of the triangles represents the sample size, and the depth the relative genetic variation within the cluster (2 x scale bar). Source: DNA Barcode data from BOLD (Barcode of Life Database, cf. Ratnasingham and Hebert 2007).

Figure 17. Distribution map of examined material of Clepsis neglectana and C. consimilana species groups. Map created with SimpleMappr (http: // www. simplemappr. net).