Haplopeodes minutus (Frost)

Lonsdale, Owen, 2021, Manual of North American Agromyzidae (Diptera, Schizophora), with revision of the fauna of the " Delmarva " states, ZooKeys 1051, pp. 1-481 : 1

Haplopeodes minutus (Frost)

Figs 120 , 574-581

Phytomyza minuta Frost, 1924: 86. Frick 1952a: 427.

Haplomyza minuta . Frick, 1953: 73 (lectotype designation); 1959: 413.

Haplopeodes minutus . Steyskal, 1980: 148; Spencer and Steyskal 1986b: 140; Martinez and Etienne 2002: 32.

Haplomyza togata . Misidentification. Stegmaier, 1967: 197; Spencer 1969: 201, 1981: 338.

Haplomyza minuta . Spencer and Stegmaier 1973: 112.

Description

(Figs 120 , 581 ). Wing length 1.3-1.4 mm (♂), 1.5-1.6 mm (♀). Vein dm-m absent. Eye height divided by gena height: 2.6-3.3. First flagellomere sometimes with shallow anterodorsal angle. Frons soft medially. Fronto-orbital plate and parafacial somewhat visible laterally. Clypeus narrow along length. Lunule semi-circular.

Chaetotaxy: Three ori (slender with length ~ 1/2 width of frons); one ors. Postocellar and ocellar setae as long as ocellar tubercle. Orbital setulae few, minute, erect to proclinate, in a single row. Four dorsocentrals, one presutural, decreasing in length anteriorly. Acrostichal setulae in two sparse rows on anterior 1/2 of scutum.

Colouration: Head light yellow with ocellar tubercle, back of head (often excluding margins) and clypeus brown; vertical setae on yellow. Notum dark with pale grey pruinosity, with notopleuron (excluding dark sublateral spot) and postpronotum (excluding small anteromedial spot) light yellow, and scutellum broadly light yellow along midline. Metanotum brown. Pleuron yellow with dark spot on anterior margins of anepisternum and anepimeron, meron dark medially and posteriorly, and ventral 4/5 of katepisternum brown, not including base of seta; dark portions obscured by grey pruinosity. Halter white. Calypter white. Legs light yellow with base of mid and hind coxae brown, and tarsi brownish; fore coxa sometimes brown basally. Abdomen brown on tergites 1(2)-4 with lateral margin yellow and posterior margin of latter three tergites yellow; tergites 5 and 6 yellow with one pair of confluent anterior spots (very small on tergite 6). Female as described for male except as follows: abdomen brown with oviscape dark and posterior margin of tergites 2-5 yellow (medially emarginate on tergite 5), and tergite 6 yellow with one pair of confluent anterior spots.

Variation: BC male as above except outer vertical seta sometimes near dark spot emerging from back of head; first flagellomere with anterior margin brown infuscated, pigment extending to outer 1/2; fore femur sometimes with dorsal streak. One female (CA) with distal 1/2 of first flagellomere brown.

Genitalia: (Figs 574-580 ) Epandrium broad and shallow, with width 3 × length; posterodistal margin with one tubercle-like seta. Surstylus small and rounded with three apical tubercle-like setae. Hypandrium thin with bare, ovate inner lobe; lightly sclerotised membrane uniting both sides along length. Postgonite with ventral extension and tapered apex. Ejaculatory apodeme finger-like, only slightly widened at base, and sperm pump only slightly sclerotised to one side. Phallus short, clear and highly reduced; boundary between basiphallus and distiphallus indistinct; ejaculatory duct only gradually widened at apex, where it emerges from surrounding basiphallus/distiphallus. Phallophorus narrowest at midpoint.

Hosts.

Amaranthaceae - Amaranthus spp., Chenopodium spp. ( Spencer and Steyskal 1986b).

Distribution.

Canada: BC*, SK. USA: CA, FL, KS, ND, NM, TX, UT*, VA*, WA. Cuba. Guadeloupe(?).

Type material.

Lectotype: USA. ND: Fargo, 13.vi.1918 (1♀, USNM).

Additional material examined.

Canada. BC: Kinbasket Lake , Cooper Beauchesne and Assoc. Ltd., 21.vi.2010, BC Hydro drawdown study (12MTRT01) CNC391566 (1♂, CNC) . USA. CA: Bakersfield , 9.viii.1948, ex. Amaranthus sp., W.H. Lange (1♀, USNM), Imp. Co., Meloland, 27.iv.1977, Chenopodium , K.A. Spencer (1♀, USNM), Orange Co. , Irving, 24.iv.1977, Chenopodium murale , K.A. Spencer (1♀, USNM), Riverside Co. , Corona, 19.x.1958, P. Rude (1♀, USNM), KS: Manhattan, 26.viii.1949, C. Stegmaier, No. 146 50-228, ex. Amaranthus retroflexus (1♂, USNM), ND: Bismarck, 14.vi.1918 (1♂, USNM), NM: Las Cruces, J.M. Aldrich, 16.vi.1917 (1♂, USNM), 14.vi.1917 (1♀, USNM), Las Lunas, 17.vii.1963, I.G. Watts, prairie sandroad (1♂, USNM), TX: Marfa, 13.vi.1917, J.M. Aldrich (1♀, USNM), Crystal City, reared from pigweed, J.A. Harding, 16.iv.1962 (1♂, USNM), 21.vi.1962 (1♀, USNM), 15.viii.1962 (1♀ 1?, USNM), 14.v.1962 (2♀, USNM), UT: Corinne, on celery, 9/7/49, G.F. Knowlton (1♀, USNM), Farmington, on celery, 31.viii.1949, G.F. Knowlton (1♀, USNM), VA: Northhampton Co., Kiptopeke, 2-5.x.1987, on flowers of Solidago sepmervirens , W.E. Steiner, J.M. Swearingen, J.M. Hill and J.J. Marshall (1♂, USNM) .

Comments.

Otherwise known from British Columbia, Saskatchewan and the western and southern United States, the Virginia male of Haplopeodes minutus listed here represents a significant range extension, both for the species and for the genus. The Virginia specimen largely agrees with the western material except the inner lobe of the hypandrium is of a slightly different shape.

This species can be easily confused for Liriomyza togata ( Lonsdale 2011: figs 225-228) in the west, which is found on Baccharis douglasii and Artemisia douglasiana ( Spencer 1990). Like Haplopeodes species, this Liriomyza is sometimes also missing the posterior cross-vein, has a single ors and similar colouration, but the male genitalia are entirely dissimilar. As such, males should be dissected for confident identification.

Figures

Figures 116 - 123. Liriomyza violivora (Spencer), male 116 lateral 117 head, anterior 118, 119 Metopomyza interfrontalis (Melander), male 118 lateral 119 head, anterior 120 Haplopeodes minutus (Frost), female, lateral 121 - 123 Nemorimyza posticata (Meigen), anterior, with illustration showing lateral tibial bristles.

Figures 574 - 581. Haplopeodes minutus (Frost), male genitalia 574 external genitalia, anterior 575 external genitalia, posterior 576 external genitalia, ventral 577 external genitalia, left lateral 578 hypandrium and postgonite, ventral 579 hypandrial complex, left lateral 580 phallus, ventral 581 H. minutus, wing.