Krantzolaspina angustatus (Ishikawa, 1987) Quintero-Gutiérrez & Sandmann & Cómbita-Heredia & Klarner & Widyastuti & Scheu, 2020

Quintero-Gutierrez, Edwin Javier, Sandmann, Dorothee, Combita-Heredia, Orlando, Klarner, Bernhard, Widyastuti, Rahayu & Scheu, Stefan, 2020, Review of the mite genus Krantzolaspina Datta & Bhattacharjee (Mesostigmata, Parholaspididae) with re-description of K. angustatus comb. nov. (Ishikawa) from Indonesia, ZooKeys 997, pp. 47-68 : 47

publication ID	https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.997.54262
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FFF388DB-2554-4773-ACB0-27189DCCACC9
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BDCE6B4D-4C1A-5EED-95E1-5FEC2B8DB383
treatment provided by	ZooKeys by Pensoft
scientific name	Krantzolaspina angustatus (Ishikawa, 1987)
status	comb. nov.

Treatment

Krantzolaspina angustatus (Ishikawa, 1987) comb. nov.

Proparholaspulus angustatus - Ishikawa, 1987a: 82; Kadkhodae et al., 2013: 131.

Indutolaelaps jiroftensis Hajizadeh et al., 2017 syn. nov.

Diagnosis

. Female. Dorsal shield entire, mostly reticulate (except the anteromedial region which is smooth), partially covering the idiosoma, broad anteriorly and posteriorly narrowing; shield bearing 32 pairs of setae, most setae moderately long and smooth, except j1 - 2 and z1 which are slightly shorter and setae S5 and Z5 slightly pilose. Unsclerotised lateral cuticle of the idiosoma with a total of 15 pairs of smooth setae of similar length, except five pairs of UR setae slightly pilose, the pairs of setae r6 and R1 slightly shorter than r5 - 7 plus seven pairs of UR setae. In the idiosoma ventre, all setae aciculate and smooth, except JV4 - 5 and ZV4 - 5 which are pilose. Presternal area with two pairs of free and presternal platelets. Sternometasternal shield mostly reticulate and covered by semi-rounded cells in the lateral margins, bearing four pairs of setae. Peritrematal shield anteriorly free, fused to the sternometasternal shield between coxae I-III, posteriorly fused with the parapodal shield and extended beyond posterior margin of the coxae IV, region of peritrematal + parapodal shield reticulate and covered by some semi-rounded cells; peritreme extending between coxae I-II at level of st1. Genitiventrianal shield longer than wide, reticulate, flask-shaped and bearing four pairs of setae st5, JV1-3, as well as three circumanal setae pa and po. Soft opisthogastric ventral cuticle with six pairs of setae JV4 - 5, ZV2 - 5. Metapodal platelets free, small and elliptical in shape. Deutosternal groove with six transverse rows, surface of the gnathosoma with pointed spine-like process similar to the ventral surface of the palp trochanter. Epistome with median projection bifurcate or trifurcate distally, lateral edges finely and irregularly serrate. Cheliceral digit movable and fixed with four and two teeth, respectively, base of movable digit with a plumose arthrodial brush and a narrow fringed arthrodial corona. Palp tarsal claw three-tined. Pretarsus I reduced or absent and pretarsi II-IV with pretarsi well-developed.

Male. Unknown.

Female (Figs 1 View Figure 1 - 6 View Figure 6 ) (n = 6). Idiosomal dorsum (Fig. 1 View Figure 1 ). 541-611 μm long, 287-372 μm wide. Dorsal shield 514-536 μm long, 219-239 μm wide (at level between r2 -3), entire and broad anteriorly with the anterior margin slightly straight and posteriorly narrowing, covering partially the idiosoma with the lateral and posterior margins of soft integument broadly exposed, most surface of the shield reticulate, but smooth on the dorsocentral region between the bases of z1 and J2. Dorsal shield bearing 32 pairs of setae of similar length and shape, most setae relatively long (36-46 μm) and smooth, except j1 - 2 and z1 slightly shorter (31-35 μm) and the setae S5 and Z5 slightly pilose (Fig. 1 View Figure 1 ). Podonotal region with 17 pairs of setae j1 - 6, z1 - 2, z4 - 6, s2, s6, r2 - 5 and 10 pairs of poroids, including three pairs of glands gd1 - 2 and gd4. Opisthonotal region with 15 pairs of setae J1 - 5, Z1 - 5, S1-5 and 10 pairs of poroids, including two glands gd8 and gd9. Unsclerotised lateral cuticle bearing a total of 15 pairs of smooth setae of similar length (38-44 μm) except five pairs of UR setae slightly pilose (Fig. 1 View Figure 1 ); the pairs of setae r6 and R1 slightly shorter than r5 - 7 and the six pairs of UR setae (two of them on the ventral side); a pair of lyrifissures (Rp) present between R3 and R4.

Idiosomal venter (Figs 2 View Figure 2 , 3A-C View Figure 3 ). All setae aciculate and smooth, except Jv4 - 5, Zv4 - 5 which are pilose (Fig. 2 View Figure 2 ). Tritosternum (Fig. 2 View Figure 2 ) with columnar base and pair of free pilose laciniae. Presternal area bearing two pairs of free, well-sclerotised, transversely aligned and presternal platelets ppl (Figs 2 View Figure 2 , 3A-C View Figure 3 ), with transversal lineae over surface. Sternometasternal shield (Figs 2 View Figure 2 , 3A-C View Figure 3 ) 202-209 μm long, 104-110 μm wide (at level of st2) well-defined, reticulate and covered by semi-rounded cells in the lateral margins, posteriomedial area smooth beyond to the setae st3; anterior and posterior shield margin concave, bearing four pairs of setae st1 - st4 (36-41) and three pairs iv1 - 3 of slit-like poroids; iv1 larger than iv2 - 3, the latter rounded. Peritrematal shield (Fig. 2 View Figure 2 ) broad, anteriorly free, fused to the exopodal shield (distinctly more sclerotised), to sternometasternal shield between the coxae I-III and posteriorly with the well-developed parapodal shield; shield extended beyond the posterior margin of the coxa IV, this area reticulate and covered by some semi-rounded cells; two pairs of poroids (id7, ip) and one pair of gland pores (gdp) discernible. Peritreme extending anteriorly between coxae I-II, at level of seta st1. Genitiventrianal shield (Figs 2 View Figure 2 , 3A-C View Figure 3 ) 246-264 μm long × 127-135 μm wide, reticulate and flask-shaped; shield with four pairs of setae st5 35-37 (slit-like poroids iv5 on unsclerotised cuticle and posterolaterad of st5) ZV1, JV1 - 2 39-42 additionally to the circumanal setae pa and po, paranal setae po (27-29) aligned with anterior margin of anal opening, postanal seta shorter po (15-17); gland opening gv3 on posterolaterad shield margins, at level slightly anterior to paranal setae, cribrum well-developed. Soft opisthogastric cuticle with seven pairs of setae JV3 - 5, ZV2 - 5 (39-40) and three poroids, including one (ivp). Metapodal (Fig. 2 View Figure 2 ; met) platelets free, small and suboval.

Gnathosoma (Fig. 4A-L View Figure 4 ). Subcapitulum (Fig. 4A-C View Figure 4 ): corniculi well sclerotised, elongated and horn-like slightly shorter than cheliceral movable digit. Internal malae bifurcate, totally separated from each other, densely fimbriated on outer margin and with apices slightly shorter than corniculi. Deutosternal groove with six transverse rows denticles, each bearing 8-21 denticles and distal row smooth, with lateral ridges each side of the 2nd and 3rd row; subcapitular setae smooth and aciculate, h1 51-54 and h3 40-43 longer than h2 34-37 and pc 17-20. Surface posterolaterad to seta pc with a minute or a small spine-like process (Fig. 4A-C View Figure 4 ). Epistome (Fig. 4D-F View Figure 4 ) with a median projection bifurcate or trifurcate distally, lateral edges finely and irregularly serrate. Cheliceral (Fig. 4G-I View Figure 4 ) fixed digit (106-111) with four teeth (most proximal small and most distal inserted subapically) plus one distal hook-like tooth and a setiform pilus dentilus; dorsal and anti-axial lyrifissures present as well as dorsal setae smooth; movable digit (97-103) with two teeth directed backwards and one distal hook-like tooth, base of the movable digit with a plumose arthrodial brush (44-48) (Fig. 4I View Figure 4 , see arrow) much shorter than movable digit and a narrow fringed arthrodial corona which is only discernible ventrally. Palp (Fig. 5 View Figure 5 ) with normal chaetotaxy for Parholaspididae , with 2-5-6-14-15 setae on trochanter-femur-genu-tibia-tarsus; palptrochanter almost twice longer than palpfemur, with a small pointed spine-like process on the ventral surface (Figs 4J-L View Figure 4 , 5 View Figure 5 ; see arrow) and setae v1 -2 thickened and long, in contrast to the setae of the other palp segments; palpfemur al thickened, palpgenu with setae al1 -2 thickened and spatulate distally. Palp tarsal claw three-tined, medial tine conspicuous distally spatulate.

Legs (Fig. 6A-D View Figure 6 ) lengths (in μm): I (Fig. 6A View Figure 6 ): 573-625, II (Fig. 6B View Figure 6 ) 461-495, III (Fig. 6C View Figure 6 ) 396-421, IV (Fig. 6D View Figure 6 ) 550-575. The leg chaetotaxy/setation-Coxae: I 2 (0, 0/1, 0/1, 0); II: 2 (0, 0/1, 0/1, 0); III: 2 (0, 0/1, 0/1, 0); IV: 1 (0, 0/0, 0/1, 0); trochanters: I: 6 (1, 0/1,1/2, 1); II: 5 (1, 0/1, 0/2, 1); III: 5 (1, 1/1, 0/2, 0); IV: 5 (1, 1/1, 0/2, 0); femora: I: 13 (2, 3/1, 2/3, 2); II: 11 (2, 3/1, 2/2, 1); III: 6 (1, 2/1, 1/0, 1): IV: 6 (1, 2/1, 1/0, 1); genua: I: 12 (2, 3/2, 2/1, 2); II: 10(2, 2/1, 2/1, 2); III: 8 (2, 2/1, 2/1, 1); IV: 8 (2, 2/1, 2/0, 1); tibia: I: 12 (2, 3/2, 2/1, 2); II: 10 (2, 2/1, 2/1, 2); III: 8 (2, 1/1, 2/1, 1); IV: 8 (2, 1/1, 2/1, 1); tarsi I: not counted, II: 18; III: 18; IV: 18. Pretarsus I reduced or absent and pretarsi II-IV well-developed, including a pair of claws and a pulvillus. Legs with all setae aciculate and smooth, most setae are relatively long, except leg III which has comparatively shorter setae, tarsi I-IV which have longest and thicker setae than leg segments especially tarsus IV and a set of very short setae as follows: ad in trochanter I, av and ad2 and al2 in femur I, ad2 - 3 in femur II, al1 - 2 in genu II, pl and pd in femur IV and pl in genu IV.

Male. Unknown.

Material examined and depository.

• 1♀ Holotype at NSMT (NSMT-Ac 9805) collected in Philippines, Palawan Islands, Olanguan Valley, between Puerto Princesa and Roxas, on litter of tropical forest. •16♀ vouchers at ESALQ collected in Iran, Kerman Province on soil and litter at the base of Medicago sativa ( Fabaceae ) and Citrus sinensis ( Rutaceae ). New material from Indonesia, Sumatra, Jambi Province, Bukit Duabelas region, upper soil layer (0-3 cm) of oil palm plantation, research site BO2b, 2°04'32.0"S, 102°47'30.7"E, 83.74 m a.s.l. 6♀ on slides as follows: • 1♀ deposited at LIPI (OSAL 00124840); • 1♀ deposited at SMNG (OSAL 00124839 SMNG 2020/62099). • 2♀ deposited at OSAL (OSAL 00124841, 00124842). • 2♀ deposited at ANIC (OSAL 00124843, 00124844). 10♀ in alcohol, as follows: • 2♀ deposited at LIPI, • 3♀ deposited at SMNG, • 2♀ deposited at OSAL and • 3♀ deposited at ANIC. All specimens were collected in November 2013 by B. Klarner. Additional photos of the species are deposited in Ecotaxonomy database at www.ecotaxonomy.org (ECOTAX_ID: 434549).

Differential diagnosis.

K. angustatus comb. nov. significantly differs from K. rebatii and K. solimani comb. nov. in the following combination of characters: K. angustatus has 32 pairs of smooth dorsal setae (except S5 and Z5 slightly pilose), while K. rebatii and K. solimani have 36 pairs of smooth setae, respectively; K. angustatus has 15 pairs of setae r - R and UR -series in the unsclerotised lateral cuticle, whereas K. solimani and K. rebatii have 13 and 10, respectively; in K. angustatus and K. solimani , the peritreme is extended anteriorly between coxae I-II at the level of st1, while in K. rebatii , it is extended beyond coxa I; in K. angustatus , a spine-like process is developed in the subcapitulum, while this is absent in K. rebatii and K. solimani . Further, the arthrodial process in K. rebatii has a pair of long unequal arthrodial brushes, whereas the arthrodial process in K. solimani and K. angustatus has a relatively long arthrodial brush and a narrow fringed arthrodial corona. Additionally, in K. angustatus , small metapodal platelets elliptical in shape are present, while in K. solimani and K. rebatii , they are absent. Lastly, Table 1 View Table 1 provides uncertain/unclear or unknown characters of these species.

Remarks.

Krantzolaspina is a well-defined genus by the unique combination of characters stated above (see diagnosis of the genus). However, a number of characters are also present in other dermanyssine families, for example, well-developed arthrodial brush(es) is/are also present in macrochelid mites, a sternometasternal shield bearing st1 - st4 is shared with species of Pachylaelapidae ( Mašán and Halliday 2014) and Ologamasidae ( Castilho et al. 2016) and the fusion of genital + ventral + anal shields forming a genitiventrianal shield is shared with two genera of Laelapidae ( Ololaelaps and Oloopticus ) ( Beaulieu et al. 2019).

Although the genitiventrianal shield is a diagnostic character for Krantzolaspina , it is not an exclusive character as it also occurs in other genera of Parholaspididae , such as Holaspulus , some species of Holaspina and Proparholaspulus , as well as in other families, such as Leptolaelapidae genus Indutolaelaps Karg, 1997. In addition, this feature occurs in some species of Laelapidae (see above), but in those species, the genitiventrianal shield is hyper-developed posteriorly and occupies most of the opisthogaster and is often named the hologastric shield ( Beaulieu et al. 2019).

One particular feature of Krantzolaspina is the pointed spur-like process present on the palp trochanter and this character is important for recognising the genus. However, a similar process is present in species (and all post-embryonic stages) of the monotypic family Megalolaelapidae ( Megalolaelaps ), in which the palp trochanter typically bears a large anteroventral horn-like projection. Unfortunately, the function of these processes of the palp trochanter in Krantzolaspina and Megalolaelaps is unknown ( Mašán and Halliday 2014, Cómbita-Heredia et al. 2018). It should be noted that members of Megalolaelapidae are more similar morphologically to Pachylaelapidae and to Macrochelidae of the genus Neopodocinum Oudemans ( Macrochelidae ) than to Parholaspididae ( Cómbita-Heredia et al. 2018).