Caiophora pterosperma (Ruiz & Pav. ex G. Don, 1834) Urban & Gilg, 1900

Ackermann, Markus & Weigend, Maximilian, 2013, A revision of loasoid Caiophora (Caiophora pterosperma-group, Loasoideae, Loasaceae) from Peru, Phytotaxa 110 (1), pp. 17-30 : 19

Caiophora pterosperma -group

Perennial herbs. Aerial stem thin and winding, several meters long, up to 4 mm in diameter, terete, sparsely covered with white setae (2–3 mm long), glochidiate trichomes (0.1–0.2 mm long) and scabrid trichomes (0.2–0.8 mm long). Primary root and sometimes secondary roots thickened, sometimes stoloniferous. Leaves opposite, sparsely covered with short, white setae, glochidiate and scabrid trichomes. Lamina narrowly triangular to triangular-ovate, base cordate, apex acuminate, adaxially sparsely setose (2–3 mm long) and covered with scabrid trichomes (0.2–0.8 mm long), abaxially surface sparsely setose, densely set with glochidiate (0.1–0.2 mm long) and scabrid trichomes, primary venation pinnate. Flowers pentamerous, pendent or deflexed, borne in asymmetrical dichasia, pedicels long. Inferior part of ovary conical, densely setose, covered with scabrid and glochidiate trichomes; 5–8 mm long, 2–5 mm wide at apex. Calyx lobes spreading to reflexed, linear, with entire or dentate margins, sparsely setose, with glochidiate and scabrid trichomes abaxially. Corolla rotate. Petals spreading, deeply cymbiform, membranaceous, adaxially set with glochidiate and scabrid trichomes, abaxially sparsely setose and set with glochidiate and scabrid trichomes, apex hood-shaped. Nectar scales with incurved base and apex, back rounded, with double arch. Scale neck thickened, recurved; colour contrasting to back of nectar scale, back sometimes papillose, and sparsely covered with glochidiate and scabrid trichomes, nectar scale marginally always papillose (0.3–0.8 mm long). Dorsal filaments present, situated near middle of the nectar scale, 1–6 mm long. Staminodia two per scale, Lshaped; base dilate, with papillose appendage, apex abruptly filiform and straight. Stamens numerous, in epipetalous fascicles of 15–20 each; filaments ca. 7–9 mm long, white. Anthers ca. 1 mm long and 0.8 mm wide, yellowish. Ovary inferior, unilocular, with 3 parietal placentae. Capsule opening with 3 longitudinal sutures.